scholarly journals Az emberi élettartam megnövelésének lehetőségei

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (41) ◽  
pp. 1655-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Csaba
Keyword(s):  
Social Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Neuroendocrine System ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Developed Countries

Abstract: The human lifespan in the developed countries significantly increased, from about 40 years to 80 years, in the last hundred years. This change is due to multiple factors, however, the development of medicine and pharmacological research as well as social well-being and social care are primarily important. For aging, the attrition of the parts of the whole organism are responsible, which is caused by endogenous oxidation processes (free radicals), which can destroy any cells in the organism. The injury of the defense or regulatory organ systems (immune system, neuroendocrine system) influences the whole organism, causing its decline (aging), later complete loss of abilities (death). The organism has built-in mechanisms for defence (e.g., antioxidant enzymes), however, their functions are not enough in our modern, chemically seriously contaminated age and further support is needed. This support is represented by antioxidants, as vitamins A, C, and E, resveratrol, and pharmaceuticals as rapamycine and rapalogs, selegiline, metformin etc., which have important roles in the increase of lifespan and health span. The early start of treatments and the use of pharmaceutical combinations seem to be important. The paper introduces our today’s’ lifespan prolongers and discusses their effects as well as points to the ways of future development. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(41): 1655–1663.

Foundations of International Aid

1960 ◽  
Vol 329 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Jane M. Hoey
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Individual

The newly developing countries desire not only political independence but also economic progress for their people—a progress which they can see, and are now aware of, in the rest of the world. The role of the developed countries is to extend aid to the needy. Moral foundations underlie the donor's contributions, but they are more than that, they are the means for acquiring support for international aid in the donor's country. The United States must assume the leader ship among' the free nations in granting aid; she must accept this role because of her economic achievements and technologi cal advantages. Donators of such aid should take cognizance of the complementary character and interrelatedness of economic and social development. For economic development, however much it is sought, is not an end in itself, rather the aim is the well-being and happiness of the individual. Such a goal neces sitates economic aid accompanied by social aid. Social welfare can also be a vehicle to achieve peace, inasmuch as people-to- people relationships generate brotherly love—the only lasting foundation for peace.—Ed.

The Problems of Development Gap between Developed and Developing Nations

2016 ◽  
pp. 29-50
Author(s):  
Debashis Mazumdar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Development Gap

The persistently large income gap between the Developed Countries (DCs) of the North and relatively Less Developed and Developing Countries (LDDCs) of the South is one of the most notable features of the international community over the last few decades. Such large disparities in income are paralleled by huge gaps in other non-monetary indicators of well being. Different research works in this field have indicated that the average annual growth rate of per capita income in LDDCs has been faster compared to that in DCs particularly since early 1990s indicating a sign of convergence in the growth process. However, the absolute gap between the DCs and LDDCs in terms of per capita GNP has widened over years. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to indicate the pattern of ß-convergence and s- convergence in income growth between DCs and LDDCs during 1960-2012. The study observes that there remains a definite indication of ß and s convergence in the growth rate of real PCI across different groups of nations particularly during the period 2000-2013.

INSOMNIA, AS A PREDICTOR OF MENTAL DISORDERS IN HUMANITY. (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Бургардт ◽  
Ж.В. Романова ◽  
А.Т. Душпанова
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Health And Well Being

Сон является важным физиологическим состоянием необходимым для здоровья и благополучия человека. Разные виды нарушений сна отрицательно сказываются на психическом здоровье и качестве жизни человека, являются фактором риска для возникновения или усугубления течения существующих заболеваний. По данным международной классификации нарушений сна, принято выделять шесть основных категорий: бессонница, нарушение дыхания во сне, центральные расстройства гиперсонливости, парасомнии, двигательные расстройства во сне, расстройства циркадного ритма сна. [1]. Учитывая такое разнообразие нарушений сна, мы сталкиваемся с большим количеством нозологий и специальностей, которые вовлечены в процесс диагностики и лечения данных пациентов. Литературные данные указывают на прямую связь нарушений сна с проблемами сердечно-сосудистой, дыхательной, нейроэндокринной систем. Лечением данной группы пациентов занимаются специалисты разных областей медицины - от стоматологов и оториноларингологов до психиатров и неврологов. Актуальность данной тематики не вызывает сомнений, так как по литературным данным в современном обществе до 50 % населения планеты сталкиваются с проблемами, связанными с нарушениями сна. В последние 30 лет этой нозологии уделяется очень много внимания в развитых странах мира, тем не менее, нарушения сна по-прежнему остаются острой проблемой влияющей на качество жизни и здоровье человечества. Sleep is an important physiological condition necessary for human health and well-being. Various types of sleep disorders adversely affect mental health and quality of life of a person, and are a risk factor for the onset or aggravation of existing diseases. According to the international classification of sleep disorders, it is customary to distinguish six main categories: insomnia, breathing disorders during sleep, central disorders of hypersomnia, parasomnias, movement disorders during sleep, and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. [1]. Given such a variety of sleep disorders, we are faced with a large number of nosologies and specialties that are involved in the process of diagnosing and treating these patients. Literature data indicate a direct connection between sleep disorders and problems of the cardiovascular, respiratory, neuroendocrine systems. This group of patients is treated by specialists in various fields of medicine - from dentists and otorhinolaryngologists to psychiatrists and neurologists. The relevance of this topic is beyond doubt, since according to literature data in modern society up to 50% of the world's population face problems associated with sleep disorders. In the past 30 years, this nosology has received a lot of attention in the developed countries of the world, however, sleep disorders still remain an acute problem affecting the quality of life and health of mankind.

scholarly journals Migraine and orexin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Irina Ostroukhova ◽  
Olga Rudko ◽  
Artemii Tretiakov
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Genetic Causes ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Peptide Concentration ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Desire To Eat

Migraine is diagnosed in approximately 15% of the population in the developed countries. This disease affects not only patient’s well-being, but also economy and social sphere. Despite this significant impact, little is known on the genetic causes of migraine. Several migraine symptoms, including tiredness, yawning, drowsiness, and the desire to eat certain foods, give an idea of migraine connection to orexin system. This system includes orexines – peptides, predominantly synthesized in the lateral hypothalamic area and involved in wake and sleep cycle and many other neurological functions; and their two receptors HCRTR1 and HCRTR2. Here we summarize known data on orexin system polymorphisms and changes in peptide concentration in patients with migraine.

The Problems of Development Gap between Developed and Developing Nations

2020 ◽  
pp. 515-536
Author(s):  
Debashis Mazumdar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Development Gap

The persistently large income gap between the Developed Countries (DCs) of the North and relatively Less Developed and Developing Countries (LDDCs) of the South is one of the most notable features of the international community over the last few decades. Such large disparities in income are paralleled by huge gaps in other non-monetary indicators of well being. Different research works in this field have indicated that the average annual growth rate of per capita income in LDDCs has been faster compared to that in DCs particularly since early 1990s indicating a sign of convergence in the growth process. However, the absolute gap between the DCs and LDDCs in terms of per capita GNP has widened over years. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to indicate the pattern of β-convergence and σ- convergence in income growth between DCs and LDDCs during 1960-2012. The study observes that there remains a definite indication of β and σ convergence in the growth rate of real PCI across different groups of nations particularly during the period 2000-2013.

How to Assure Stable Development in Unstable Financial Environment?

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Financial Environment

Growing involvement of Russian economy in international economic sphere increases the role of external risks. Financial problems which the developed countries are encountered with today result in volatility of Russian stock market, liquidity problems for banks, unstable prices. These factors in total may put longer-term prospects of economic growth in jeopardy. Monetary, foreign exchange and stock market mechanisms become the centerpiece of economic policy approaches which should provide for stable development in the shaky environment.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

Power Generation for India with Higher Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Umeshkannan P ◽  
Muthurajan KG
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations

The developed countries are consuming more amount of energy in all forms including electricity continuously with advanced technologies.  Developing  nation’s  energy usage trend rises quickly but very less in comparison with their population and  their  method of generating power is not  seems  to  be  as  advanced  as  developed  nations. The   objective   function   of   this   linear   programming model is to maximize the average efficiency of power generation inIndia for 2020 by giving preference to energy efficient technologies. This model is subjected to various constraints like potential, demand, running cost and Hydrogen / Carbon ratio, isolated load, emission and already installed capacities. Tora package is used to solve this linear program. Coal,  Gas,  Hydro  and  Nuclear  sources can are  supply around 87 %  of  power  requirement .  It’s concluded that we can produce power  at  overall  efficiency  of  37%  while  meeting  a  huge demand  of  13,00,000  GWh  of  electricity.  The objective function shows the scenario of highaverage efficiency with presence of 9% renewables. Maximum value   is   restricted   by   low   renewable   source’s efficiencies, emission constraints on fossil fuels and cost restriction on some of efficient technologies. This    model    shows    that    maximum    18%    of    total requirement   can   be   met   by   renewable itself which reduces average efficiency to 35.8%.   Improving technologies  of  renewable  sources  and  necessary  capacity addition  to  them in  regular  interval  will  enhance  their  role and existence against fossil fuels in future. The work involves conceptualizing, modeling, gathering information for data’s to be used in model for problem solving and presenting different scenarios for same objective.

International Economic Assistance in the 1970's — A Critique of Partners in Development (Review Article)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-490
Author(s):  
Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Service Charge ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Defence Expenditure

Foreign economic aid is at the cross-roads. There is an atmosphere of gloom and disenchantment surrounding international aid in both the developed and developing countries — more so in the former than in the latter. Doubts have grown in the developed countries, especially among the conservatives in these countries, as to the effectiveness of aid in promoting economic development, the wastes and inefficiency involved in the use of aid, the adequacy of self-help on the part of the recipient countries in husbanding and mobilising their own resources for development and the dangers of getting involved, through ex¬tensive foreign-aid operations, in military or diplomatic conflicts. The waning of confidence on the part of the donors in the rationale of foreign aid has been accentuated by an increasing concern with their domestic problems as well as by the occurrence of armed conflicts among the poor, aid-recipient countries strengthened by substantial defence expenditure that diverts resources away from development. The disenchantment on the part of the recipient countries is, on the other hand, associated with the inadequacy of aid, the stop-go nature of its flow in many cases, and the intrusion of noneconomic considerations governing the allocation of aid amongst the recipient countries. There is a reaction in the developing countries against the dependence, political and eco¬nomic, which heavy reliance on foreign aid generates. The threat of the in¬creasing burden of debt-service charge haunts the developing world and brings them back to the donors for renewed assistance and/or debt rescheduling.

PENGARUH INFRASTRUKTUR SECARA SPASIAL TERHADAP KONVERGENSI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Anisa Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Neoclassical Growth Theory

Motivated by inter-regional disparities condition that occurs persistently, this study examines the Indonesian economy in the long run in order to know whether it tends to converge or diverge. This convergence is based on the Solow Neoclassical growth theory assuming the existence of diminishing returns to capital so that when the developed countries reach steady state conditions, developing countries will continuously grow up to 'catch-up' with developed countries. Based on regional economics perspective, each region can not be treated as a stand-alone unit,therefore, this study also focuses on the influence of spatial dependency and infrastructure. Economical and political situations of a region will influence policy in that region which will also have an impact to the neighboring regions. The estimation results of spatial cross-regressive model using fixed effect method consistently confirmed that the Indonesian economy in the long term will likely converge with a speed of 8.08 percent per year. Other findings are road infrastructure has a positive effect on economic growth and investment and road infrastructure are spatially showed a positive effect on economic growth. In other words, the investment and infrastructure of a region does not only affect the economic growth of that region but also to the economy of the contiguous regions. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document