scholarly journals Ukrainian economic thought of the last third of the 19th – early 20th centuries in the context of the development of the european liberal tradition

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (52) ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Valentyna Feshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Marginal Analysis ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Theory Of Value

The article analyzes the features of the development of marginalism and the emergence of a modern methodology for the analysis of economic processes in Ukrainian economic thought, starting with the development of the Kyiv scientific school headed by M. Bunge and ending with the works of prominent Ukrainian scientists E. Slutsky and M. Tugan-Baranovsky. These problems, considering their relevance for the present, are the subjects of modern scholars’ researches, such as T. Hayday, I. Golovata, V. Kudlak, O. Kurbet, V. Nebrat, N. Suprun, Y. Ushchapovsky, V. Feshchenko and others. The purpose of the article is to highlight the scientific contribution of Ukrainian economists of the last third of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries to the development of marginalism and Western European liberalism, to reveal the emergence of a new methodology of economic analysis based on the combination of ideas of classical political economy and marginal analysis, the historical school’ principles with the European socio-reformism, and the use of functional analysis with economic and mathematical research tools. Significant progress of the Ukrainian economic science in this period are the theoretical achievements of representatives of the Kyiv School of Political Economy. In the works of M. Bunge, D. Pikhno, R. Orzhentsky, and O. Bilimovych, the attention was focused on the development of the theory of value with the use of marginal analysis, the psychological foundations of the theory of value were supported, and the emphasis was placed on the social orientation of research. E. Slutsky's works «The Theory of Marginal Utility», and «On the Theory of Consumer Budget» reflected new approaches to understanding utility as an economic category, determined the value of market goods in terms of their usefulness and rarity, and initiated the study of market behavior and mechanisms of formation and stability of the consumer budget. In the context of the formation of the new methodology for economic analysis, the author reveals the priority and significance of the creation of the synthetic theory of value by M. Tugan-Baranovsky. The article highlights the significant influence of Ukrainian scientists of the studied period on the development of world economic science and substantiates the necessity of further study of their scientific work.

Aristotle and the political economy of the polis

1979 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Meikle
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
The Political ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Substantial Body ◽  
Moral Condemnation

Athens in the fourth century was undergoing a process of social and economic change of which a major component was the development of elements of market economy. The question to be addressed here is: what response does that historical process meet with in the work of Aristotle? I shall contend that Aristotle has a substantial body of thought, analytical in nature and intent, which is directed specifically to the analysis of that process. M. I. Finley has drawn quite the contrary conclusion, and in addition to developing my own account of Aristotle's thought 1 shall have to examine the shortcomings of Finley's. Finley takes the view that although Aristotle was aware of the process of change he simply ignored it, and that there is no trace of any analytical concern with it to be found in those sections of the Aristotelian corpus which it has been usual to regard as containing Aristotle's ‘economic’ thought, namely, NE v 5, and Pol i 8–10. Finley sees in Aristotle nothing more than moral condemnation of certain practices such as kapelike which he regarded as damaging to the koinonia of the polis.It sometimes happens that what one finds in an author depends on one's possession or lack of the equipment necessary to recognise what is there and to identify it for what it is. Finley is looking at Aristotle in order to determine the presence or absence of what he terms ‘economic analysis’.

From Freakonomics to Political Economy

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Fine ◽  
Dimitris Milonakis
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Neoclassical Economics ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

AbstractIn this response to the symposium on our two books we try to deal as fully as possible in the brief space available with most of the major issues raised by our distinguished commentators. Although at least three of them are in agreement with the main thrust of the arguments put forward in our books, they all raise important issues relating to methodology, the history of economic thought (including omissions), and a number of more specific issues. Our answer is based on the restatement of the chief purpose of our two books, describing the intellectual history of the evolution of economic science emphasising the role of the excision of the social and the historical from economic theorising in the transition from (classical) political economy to (neoclassical) economics, only for the two to be reunited through the vulgar form of economics imperialism following the monolithic dominance of neoclassical economics at the expense of pluralism after the Second World War. The importance of political economy for the future of economic science is vigorously argued for.

scholarly journals 200 Years To Political Economy in Vilnius University

Ekonomika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egidija Laumenskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Special Event ◽  
Concise Overview ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vilnius University

This paper gives a concise overview of the development of the economic thought in Lithuania mentioning the very special event in the history of the economic science - the establishment of the Department of Political Economy in Vilnius University in 1803 as the first Department of Political Economy in the world.

scholarly journals European values: a liberal doctrine through the methodology of political economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Tetiana Artomova
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Classical Economic

Clarification of the laws of harmonious ordering of the social economy system was largely carried out in the depth of European civilization in the course of the evolution of fundamental scientific knowledge. Thus, the synergy of intellectual efforts of the representatives of classical German philosophy, English political economy and French social doctrines became a catalyst and, at the same time, a fertile cultural ground for the establishment of civic institutions of modern times. Transcendent understanding of civilizational values as a system of social relations is to be carried out by political economy – the science of economic laws. Such a mission of economic science was defined during the formation of its classic research line as the logic of the Middle Way. However, modern economic theory in content remains traditional. It does not conceive its object in a single space-time coordinate system or recognize the economic value (economic good) as its own object and the basis of social relations. For that reason, the most important concepts of civilizational heritage are considerably distorted. Freedom, equality, and brotherhood, which are considered to be political in origin, are the most important universal values that have been promulgated by the European community in modern times. However, the crystallization of the values of freedom, equality, and brotherhood in their syncretic unity is initially carried out in the depths of political economy. In recent times, each of them has been taken as one of the traditional methodological branches of economic science. Thus, the problem of freedom is key to the liberal-margin economic doctrine that today ideologically feeds educational courses in economics. In order to modernize the training courses, experts propose to restore their connection with the provisions of the authentic doctrine of liberal marginalization, and with the conceptual system of L. von Mises. This rethinking makes the logic of functioning of the modern market economy and the basic principles of neoliberal policy more transparent and at the same time shows the imperfection of liberal doctrine in comparison with the original scientific provisions of classical economic thought.

TRAJECTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AS AN INDEPENDENT FIELD OF KNOWLEDGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 170-182
Author(s):  
M. V. MEL’NIK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Principles

The article shows the importance of economic analysis in the system of economic knowledge, its formation as an independent area of ​​research. The main stages of the formation of theoretical and methodological principles of analysis and the development of practice in leading economic entities are analyzed. The preconditions for the formation and development of complex economic analysis, its role and significance in improving management in the activities of economic entities are considered; shows the possibilities of using modern methods and approaches to the development of complex economic analysis and the expansion of its use in the practice of economic entities of different levels. The article is based on the disclosure of the role of the leading Russian scientist, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Anatoly Danilovich Sheremet, in the development of economic science and economic analysis, as an independent area of ​​knowledge, who for many decades headed the Russian scientific school of economic analysis.

scholarly journals Effects of marginalism on drawing the social and historical from economic analysis

Sociologija ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-296
Author(s):  
Natasa Golubovic ◽  
Srdjan Golubovic ◽  
Srdjan Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Exact Science ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Classical Political Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Reality

Endeavours to secure status of exact science for economics led to the exclusion of social and historical component from economic analysis. It is a long term process which started within classical political economy, gradually diverging the postulate upon which economic science is based from economic reality. Above mentioned changes are result of the long-term process during which holistic, social and historical aspects had been gradually removing from economic analysis. In this paper we will analyze the role of marginalism in the extrusion of social and historical from economic analysis.

scholarly journals Replacing Cost-Based Theories of Value with Marginalist and Behavioral as a Key Factor of Improving Economic Theory and Enhancing its Credibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
Yakov Yadgarov
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Behavioral Theories ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Theory Of Value

The purpose of the research is providing the basis for the following hypothesis: the quest for enhancement of economic science and regaining its credibility in history of economic thought has led to innovations made by adherents of marginalism, institutionalism and unorthodox neoclassical economics. It marked the start of high-quality thinking on theory of value from the prospective of its marginalist and behavioral versions. The text demonstrates the orthodox character of cost-oriented approach in theory of value, used by fathers of political economy, whose conclusions on commodity value were connected either with labor costs or with total costs of production. It was revealed that the first-wave marginalist economics defined marginal utility as a key price-determining factor, and due to it value therefore can be created only in consumption. The research also found that the second-wave marginalists considered that there are two main elements, which determine price, these are: marginal utility and marginal cost. This conclusion enabled them to overcome the subjectivism and psychologism in theory of value. The supporters of behavioral approach in theory of value put an emphasis on psychologically-based behavior of an individual, as well as on legal foundations of institutional behavior. As a conclusion, the article states that marginalist and behavioral theories of value are rather feasible, as they complement each other and could be applied in modern economic conditions, enhancing the genuine credibility of the economic science.

scholarly journals A modern Scandinavian “Saga about political economy”: “Against the Stream. Critical Essays on Economics” by Gunnar Myrdal

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Georgy A. Cheremisinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Price ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Gunnar Myrdal ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Productivity Decline

Introduction. It is proposed to pose the question of the original understanding of fundamental economic science as a political economy, presented by Gunnar Myrdal in the book “Against the Stream. Critical Essays on Economics”, which can be regarded from a certain point of view as a modern Scandinavian «Saga about political economy». Hermeneutic analysis. G. Myrdal’s paradigm concept, based on the concept of “establishment economics” was more meaningful than the modern use of the term “mainstream” to characterize the dominant flow of economic thought. The theoretical and methodological substantiation of the scientific hypothesis about the periodic emergence of crises and the formation of the economic science evolution cycles made it possible to explain the chronology of the Keynesian paradigm ascent and decline cycle by changes in economy and society. The arguments in favor of the institutional approach prompted a fundamental conclusion about the advisability of returning economic science to the original name of political economy and restoring its spiritual, moral, value dimension. G. Myrdal questioned and refuted the traditional abstract assumption about the conflict between economic growth and egalitarian reforms, for which one must pay a high price such as the national economy productivity decline, proposed the concept of “created harmony” to characterize the modern welfare state. Conclusion. The interpretation of the scientific monograph “Against the Stream. Critical Essays on Economics” in the style of Scandinavian “Saga about political economy” added a lot of very interesting details, judgments, explanations that substantively complemented the theoretical and methodological approach, showed the opportunity to study, research and present the history of economic thought in an attractive literary style without sacrificing depth and completeness of acquired knowledge.

A Happy Choice for the Rest of the Life! In Memory of Aleksandr Petrovich Bychko, an Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Honorary Citizen of Tomsk, Honored Professor of Tomsk State University

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Dmitriy M. Khloptsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
State University ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Science And Education

The article is dedicated to the memory of Aleksandr Petrovich Bychkov, an Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Honorary Citizen of Tomsk, Honored Professor of Tomsk State University (TSU). In the first 10 years of service at Tomsk State University, Bychkov made a career from an assistant professor to a university rector, heading TSU in 1967 and leaving this post 16 years later, in 1983. Defending his doctoral dissertation in 1966, Bychkov became the first Doctor of Economics in Tomsk after the Revolution and was elected head of the Department of Political Economy at TSU. Understanding the importance and necessity of developing economic education in Siberia, Bychkov made great efforts to open a new specialty – political economy – at TSU. On Bychkov’s initiative, an economic laboratory was opened at TSU. In 1969, the Academic Council for the defense of candidate and doctoral dissertations in economic, philosophical, and legal sciences was opened at Tomsk State University, and Bychkov became the chairman of the council. In fact, TSU became a basic university in the formation of scientific, methodological, organizational, and informational work in the field of economic education in entire Western and Eastern Siberia. Bychkov’s main areas of research were property relations, the economic foundations of federalism in Russia. In the economic literature at that time there were lively discussions on the effectiveness of management, material incentives and planning in the socialist economy. There were not only discussions, but also numerous reforms and reorganizations in the economic life of the country, which affected the development of the economy, had an impact on the quality of the social life of society, on the development of science and education. The initiated reform was the development of an initiative to improve economic activity at enterprises through the active involvement of scientific and educational institutions. Along with scientific, educational and methodological work, he organized social and educational work to disseminate knowledge, increase economic literacy among the population of the region. In 1974 Bychkov headed the Socioeconomic Problems of the Development of Siberia and the Far East Problem Council of the Ministry of Higher Education of the RSFS. In the 1970s–1980s he headed the West Siberian sector for organizing students’ research work. The article discusses the main milestones in the life of Aleksandr Bychkov. The significance of his methodological and leadership activities related to the formation and development of economic education in Tomsk and in Siberia in general is investigated; the directions of scientific activity are analyzed; the role in the formation of his own scientific school and the relationship of the investigated problems with the contemporary urgent tasks of economic science and education in Russia are shown. The entire period of Bychkov’s work in Tomsk as an associate professor, professor, head of department and rector of Tomsk State University can be considered a period of the formation, growth and qualitative development of economic education and science not only at TSU, but throughout Siberia. Today, a large number of his students and followers head departments of the economic profile and institutes of almost all Siberian universities.

Interdisciplinary Method in Economic Theory: Historical Experience and Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-214
Author(s):  
Kaysyn Khubiev ◽  
Alla Rassadina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
State University ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Experience ◽  
Moscow State University

The review presents a discussion at the session of the Scientific Council of Moscow State University on the development of modern economic theory and Russian model of social and economic development. The session, held on November 28, 2019 at the Faculty of Economics in Lomonosov Moscow State University, was dedicated to two dates - the 215th anniversary of the Department of Political Economy and the 115th anniversary of N. A. Tsagolov. The topic of scientific discussion: “Interdisciplinary approach - the key to solving theoretical and practical problems of modern time”. During the discussion, issues related to interdisciplinary method in economic theory, University traditions and modern experience of interdisciplinary method in economic science were discussed. Speakers also concentrated on the problems of national political economy development, inseparably connected with the history of the Department of Political Economy at the Faculty of Economics in Moscow University. Special attention was paid to the period of the development of the Department under the leadership of N. A. Tsagolov and formation of the scientific school connected with his name. The discussion focused on the interdisciplinary approach developed by “Tsagolov School”, the possibility of its development under the conditions of a new scientific and technological revolution, and its role in the effective study of economy and society in the twenty-first century.

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