Establishing transgenic wheat plants of cv. zymoyarka resistant to the herbicide phosphinothricin in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
I.R. Gorbatyuk ◽  
◽  
N.L. Shcherbak ◽  
M.O. Bannikova ◽  
L.H. Velykozhon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Wheat

scholarly journals Determination of osmotolerance of bread wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.), carrying dsRNA-suppressor of proline dehydrogenase gene

1970 ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
S. S. Voronova ◽  
O. V. Dubrovna
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
Partial Suppression

Aim. Analysis of tolerance to osmotic stress of transgenic wheat plants, carrying a dsRNA-suppressor of prolinedegidrigenase gene. Methods. Physiological and biochemical methods were used to characterize the transgenic plants. Results. It is shown that partial suppression of gene prolinedegidrigenase was accompanied not only increase the level of free proline, but higher levels of resistance of transgenic wheat plants to water deficit. It is found that transgenic plants do not differ from control by morphological parameters and timing of development. Conclusions. The interrelation between catabolism of proline and resistance to osmotic stress was identified, which may be due to the influence of proline or the expression of other genes of plant stress response, or positive impact of increased resistance to proline content in the early stages of stress. Keywords: Triticum aestivum, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in vitro, dsRNA-suppressor proline dehydro-genase gene, osmotolerance.

scholarly journals Analysis of resistence to osmotic stress transgenic wheat plants, carring the gene ornithine aminotransferase

1970 ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
O. M. Honcharuk ◽  
O. V. Dubrovna
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Ornithine Aminotransferase ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
Genetic Construct ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Aim. Analysis of resistance to osmotic stress of transgenic wheat plant with a target gene ornithine aminotransferase. Methods. Physiological and biochemical methods were used to characterize the transgenic plants. Results. It is shown that increased expression of the gene oat accelerates rooting and encourages root growth is not only normal, but under stress. It is found that changes in gene expression oat not significantly affect the accumulation of proline neither normal nor under stress. Conclusions. It is shown that the introduction of genetic construct that increases expression of gene oat in wheat genome leads to increased osmotolerance of plants. Enhancement of gene expression oat not significantly affect the accumulation of proline neither normal nor under stress. Keywords: Triticum aestivum, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in vitro, ornithine aminotransferase, osmotolerance.

scholarly journals Ecotopic Expression of the Antimicrobial Peptide DmAMP1W Improves Resistance of Transgenic Wheat to Two Diseases: Sharp Eyespot and Common Root Rot

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Qiang Su ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Zengyan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Wheat Lines

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple crop. Sharp eyespot and common root rot are destructive diseases of wheat. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this study, we synthesized the DmAMP1W gene, encoding Dahlia merckii DmAMP1, and investigated the antifungal role of DmAMP1W in vitro and in transgenic wheat. Protein electrophoresis analysis and in vitro inhibition results demonstrated that the synthesized DmAMP1W correctly translated to the expected peptide DmAMP1W, and the purified peptide inhibited growths of the fungi Rhizoctonia cerealis and Bipolaris sorokiniana, the pathogenic causes of wheat sharp eyespot and common root rot. DmAMP1W was introduced into a wheat variety Zhoumai18 via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The molecular characteristics indicated that DmAMP1W could be heritable and expressed in five transgenic wheat lines in T1–T2 generations. Average sharp eyespot infection types of these five DmAMP1W transgenic wheat lines in T1–T2 generations decreased 0.69–1.54 and 0.40–0.82 compared with non-transformed Zhoumai18, respectively. Average common root rot infection types of these transgenic lines and non-transformed Zhoumai18 were 1.23–1.48 and 2.27, respectively. These results indicated that DmAMP1W-expressing transgenic wheat lines displayed enhanced-resistance to both sharp eyespot and common root rot. This study provides new broad-spectrum antifungal resources for wheat breeding.

scholarly journals Apoplastic Extracts from a Transgenic Wheat Line Exhibiting Lesion-Mimic Phenotype Have Multiple Pathogenesis-Related Proteins That Are Antifungal

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1306-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajith Anand ◽  
Zhentian Lei ◽  
Lloyd W. Sumner ◽  
Kirankumar S. Mysore ◽  
Yasuyuki Arakane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Pr Proteins ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Wheat Line ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Lesion Mimic ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

A transgenic wheat line constitutively expressing genes encoding a class IV acidic chitinase and an acidic β-1,3-glucanase, showed significant delay in spread of Fusarium head blight (scab) disease under greenhouse conditions. In an earlier work, we observed a lesion-mimic phenotype in this transgenic line when homozygous for transgene loci. Apoplastic fluid (AF) extracted from the lesion-mimic plants had pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins belonging to families of β-1,3-glucanases, chitinases, and thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs). AF had growth inhibitory activity against certain fungal pathogens, including Fusarium graminearum and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Through a two-step ion-exchange chromatography protocol, we recovered many PR proteins and a few uncharacterized proteins. Three individual protein bands corresponding to a TLP (molecular mass, 16 kDa) and two β-1,3-glucanases (molecular mass, 32 kDa each) were purified and identified by tandem mass spectrometry. We measured the in vitro antifungal activity of the three purified enzymes and a barley class II chitinase (purified earlier in our laboratory) in microtiter plate assays with macroconidia or conidiophores of F. graminearum and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Mixtures of proteins revealed synergistic or additive inhibitory activity against F. graminearum and P. tritici-repentis hyphae. The concentrations of PR proteins at which these effects were observed are likely to be those reached in AF of cells exhibiting a hypersensitive response. Our results suggest that apoplastic PR proteins are antifungal and their antimicrobial potency is dependent on concentrations and combinations that are effectively reached in plants following microbial attack.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

In Vitro Induction of Crystals of MT Protein by Vinblastine-Colcemid in Mouse Spermatids

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John J. Wolosewick ◽  
John H. D. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nuclear Ring ◽  
Rough Er ◽  
Distal Direction ◽  
In Vitro Induction

Early in spermiogenesis the manchette is rapidly assembled in a distal direction from the nuclear-ring-densities. The association of vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the manchette microtubules (MTS) has been reported. In the mouse, osmophilic densities at the distal ends of the manchette are the organizing centers (MTOCS), and are associated with the SER. Rapid MT assembly and the lack of rough ER suggests that there is an existing pool of MT protein. Colcemid potentiates the reaction of vinblastine with tubulin and was used in this investigation to detect this protein.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

Immunoenzymatic demonstration of the simultaneous presence of transferrin, hemopexin and albumin in a same hepatocyte and their ultrastructural localization

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
M. Kraemer ◽  
J. Foucrier ◽  
J. Vassy ◽  
M.T. Chalumeau
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Monospecific Antisera ◽  
Different Levels

Some authors using immunofluorescent techniques had already suggested that some hepatocytes are able to synthetize several plasma proteins. In vitro studies on normal cells or on cells issued of murine hepatomas raise the same conclusion. These works could be indications of an hepatocyte functionnal non-specialization, meanwhile the authors never give direct topographic proofs suitable with this hypothesis.The use of immunoenzymatic techniques after obtention of monospecific antisera had seemed to us useful to bring forward a better knowledge of this problem. We have studied three carrier proteins (transferrin = Tf, hemopexin = Hx, albumin = Alb) operating at different levels in iron metabolism by demonstrating and localizing the adult rat hepatocytes involved in their synthesis.Immunological, histological and ultrastructural methods have been described in a previous work.

Sem Studies of Co-Cr-Mo Surgical Implant Alloy Corrosion Behavior

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
Ann Chidester Van Orden ◽  
John L. Chidester ◽  
Anna C. Fraker ◽  
Pei Sung
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of small variations in the composition on the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Mo alloys has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and electrochemical measurements. SEM and EDX data were correlated with data from in vitro corrosion measurements involving repassivation and also potentiostatic anodic polarization measurements. Specimens studied included the four alloys shown in Table 1. Corrosion tests were conducted in Hanks' physiological saline solution which has a pH of 7.4 and was held at a temperature of 37°C. Specimens were mechanically polished to a surface finish with 0.05 µm A1203, then exposed to the solution and anodically polarized at a rate of 0.006 v/min. All voltages were measured vs. the saturated calomel electrode (s.c.e.).. Specimens had breakdown potentials near 0.47V vs. s.c.e.

Ultrastructural Correlations between Clonal Human Tumor Colonies and in Vivo Neoplasms

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M.J. Murphy ◽  
R.R. Price ◽  
J.C. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Cloning Assay ◽  
Human Tumor Cloning ◽  
The Relationship

The in vitro human tumor cloning assay originally described by Salmon and Hamburger has been applied recently to the investigation of differential anti-tumor drug sensitivities over a broad range of human neoplasms. A major problem in the acceptance of this technique has been the question of the relationship between the cultured cells and the original patient tumor, i.e., whether the colonies that develop derive from the neoplasm or from some other cell type within the initial cell population. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured cells vs. patient tumor has therefore been undertaken to resolve this question. Direct correlation was assured by division of a common tumor mass at surgical resection, one biopsy being fixed for TEM studies, the second being rapidly transported to the laboratory for culture.

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