scholarly journals The prerequisites for the emergence of industrial revolutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
pp. 264-290
Author(s):  
Oksana Kushnirenko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

Global technological challenges facing humanity have increased the importance of understanding the prerequisites for the emergence of industrial revolutions. The purpose of the article is the development and improvement of scientific and theoretical basics of industrial revolutions origins and consideration for their impact on the economic development for a comprehensive understanding of modern industrial and innovation transformations. In order to achieve the objective, the system analysis, induction and deduction methods are used to describe the evolution of economic thinking towards a theoretical and methodological framework; historical, logical and dialectical methods for revealing the relationship between the system of socio-economic relations and technological methods of production; and methods of summarization and classification to determine the patterns of development of industrial revolutions and the drivers that cause it. Based on the systematization of the scientific work of foreign and domestic scientists to study the prerequisites of technological transformations under the influence of industrial revolutions, the article provides a historical analysis of their occurrence. This made it possible to identify the prerequisites for the emergence of industrial revolutions and reveal the main factors that determine the transformation of production methods. In particular, this is a combination of factors: the accumulation of knowledge and the seeking for new methods of processing raw materials at lower costs; concentration of capital; the availability of resources (human, raw-material, and financial ones), and the formation of a unified information space and an innovative institutional system. In this process, emphasis should be laid on creation of an enabling environment in which the transformation of society towards a next industrial revolution can take place. This is accomplished by a certain mechanism of technological transformations, including a set of factors, processes, stages (phases) and resources for their implementation. The following key characteristics of the industrial revolutions are identified: the reduction in the time periods between them; changing role and place of the human; and strengthening the creative and innovative activities of employees. The examination revealed that industrial revolution is not an incidental phenomenon in the development of human civilization, but a natural process conditioned by internal and external factors, and regularities of socio-economic cyclical dynamics. The emergence of the next industrial revolution is accompanied by a change in the technological order, manifested in the alternation of successive generations of devices and technologies as the material basis of human civilization. Deepening scientific approaches to substantiating the conceptual foundations of the emergence of industrial revolutions is the basis for assessing the possibilities and consequences of their impact on socio-economic development, which can facilitate adaptation to technological challenges.

scholarly journals Investigation of the process of production of crafted beer with spicy and aromatic raw materials

10.5219/1183 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 806-814
Author(s):  
Marija Zheplinska ◽  
Mikhailo Mushtruk ◽  
Volodymyr Vasyliv ◽  
Olena Deviatko
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Volumetric Fraction ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Water Alcohol

This scientific work demonstrates the stages of the process of inspiring the spicy aromatic raw materials of Badian, which is added to the craft beer in the process of its digestion. In addition, the work shows an analysis of the composition of spicy aromatic raw materials which will be used as an additive. The research proves the rational quantity and concentration of alcoholic spiro-aromatic raw materials for beer and determines the effect of alcoholic spiro-aromatic raw materials on beer indices. We have clarified the organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of beer with spicy aromatic raw materials Badian and composition based on infusions of Badian and cinnamon. As a result, we received water-alcohol infusions of spicy aromatic raw materials and developed new types of beer on their basis. On the basis of the conducted studies, the regression equation of the dependence of the content of actual dry substances and the volumetric fraction of alcohol from the change in the amount of spray-aromatic raw material and alcohol concentration in the alcohol-alcoholic infusion of spin-aromatic raw materials was obtained. In addition, we conducted calculations on the cost-effectiveness of adding these types of spiced aromatic raw materials to beer.

scholarly journals The Role of Kuzbass in the New Strategy of Socio-Economic Development of Russia in the Fourth System Cycle of Capitalist Accumulation: the World-System Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 04032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Osokina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World System ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The aim of the research is to develop the conceptual foundations of the strategy of socio-economic development for mining region (on the example of Kuzbass) under the conditions of the fourth systemic cycle of capitalist accumulation. The relevance of the issue is determined by the need to eliminate the growing lag of Russia behind the world economy leaders, which is impossible without a new vision of the role of resourceproducing regions in the national economic system. Integration of Russia into the capitalist world-system on the basis of the Washington Consensus has formed in it a raw-materials export model in which its natural resources serve the accelerated economic growth of the competing countries. The accumulation of individual capitals dominates the social capital accumulation, which leads to a reduction in Russia's share in world GDP and population. This article presents the conceptual foundations of the Kuzbass development strategy in accordance with the new conditions for the Russian economy performance in the fourth systemic cycle of capitalist accumulation.

scholarly journals Scientific substantiation and the release of saponins from plant raw material for food and cosmetic cream technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.13) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Butova ◽  
Vera A. Salnikova ◽  
Lyudmila A. Ivanova ◽  
Irina D. Schegoleva ◽  
Lyudmila A. Churmasova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
State University ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

The article presents the results of author scientific research dealing with the use of saponins, biologically active substances in food and cosmetics technology. The problems of their formation in plants, the chemical nature and the features are considered, biological and physico-chemical properties of saponins are studied. By their nature, saponins are divided into steroid and triterpene, differing by glycoside part of a molecule, thus, with different biological and chemical properties, but they are all capable to develop foam in aqueous solutions, and this feature is the origin of their name. The name originated from the word «Sapo», which means soap. It should be noted that at present saponins are not studied fully as other biologically active substances (BAS), although they are of interest and relevance. In the course of scientific work, about 20 species of saponin-containing plant material, both steroid and triterpene ones, were selected and analyzed for the determination of saponins. The selection of raw materials with the highest content was performed for their further use in cosmetics and as the surfactants in the production of emulsion food products. The following research methods were used in the work: qualitative reactions to the presence of saponins, foaming, saponin extraction, the release from dry aqueous extract of both steroid and triterpin ones. The method and the scheme of their release and precipitation are presented in the article.The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of FSBEI HE «Moscow State University of Food Production» No. 14.7404.2017/бч «Scientific and applied bases of application of traditional and nonconventional vegetable raw materials and secondary products of its processing (fruit and berry, grain, bean, oil, essential oil, herbs) in technology of specialized products of the food industry, cosmetology and pharmacy»  

scholarly journals Bioeconomy as the modern paradigm of economic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Kucher ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Use Of Resources

One of the most relevant scientific studies of social economic policy of countries around the world is the development of bio-oriented economy. Many countries are creating new models of innovative development, one of which is bioeconomy. The purpose of the study is to determine the priorities of implementation bioeconomics model of innovative development in Ukraine. The main task of the study is to outline the possibilities use of new innovative methods of production on the basis of development of a bio-oriented economy. General scientific and special research methods: method of theoretical generalization for the formation of their own approach to understanding of the new paradigm of economic development on a bioeconomics basis; morphological analysis to clarify the conceptual and categorical apparatus regarding the researched problem; method of system analysis for the study of scientific and legal principles bioeconomy development. The article describes a new direction of economic development at which is reused and recycled, conditions are created for multiple, cyclical use of resources that creates a basis for the formation of the bioeconomy. The necessity of using modern knowledge in economics is considered human activities to restore the environment on the basis of the latest production technologies and biological resources. Characterized State bioeconomics strategies of the EU and Ukraine for development bioeconomy. One should notice that the bioeconomy is considered a key basis of modern innovative areas of economic development. It is based on extensive use of biotechnology and the use of biological renewable resources for production and energy production. Attention is drawn to the fact that the priority areas of the bioeconomy are creating preconditions for the economical use of natural resources, minimization of environmental risks and integration of biotechnological knowledge in different sectors of the economy and the establishment of economic ties between industries that were not previously the subject of the study. It is concluded that the role of the core of the bioeconomy is performed by the rural economy, as it is the main raw material base. Bioeconomy based on biomass and biotechnology where the main components are renewable biomass sources, in particular of agricultural origin.

Upaya Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal pada Industri Pengolahan Makanan dan Minuman di Kota Batu

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Sudarti Sudarti ◽  
Sri Budi Cantika Yuli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
General Description ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Production Value

This research aims to determine: 1) characteristics of the food and beverage processing industries; 2) the magnitude of the influence of labor, raw materials and capital variables on the production value of food and beverage industries in Batu City, East Java; 3) Formulating effort of community economic empowerment in local economic development. This research is a quantitative descriptive research which gives general description of the subject matter in numbers or data which analyzed, classified and presented in description. The population of this study is all food and beverage processing industries entrepreneurs in Kota Batu amounting to 210 business units taken 52 business units as research samples. Data collection using interview, questionnaire, and documentation. Using multiple linear regression with dependent variable is production value (Y) and independent variables are Labor (X1), Raw Material (X2), Capital (X3). This research also uses qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that food and beverage processing industries in Batu City use a labor force of at most 2-8 people with high school education level. Gender is predominantly female and age 24-27 years old from Batu City and marketing of product in local area. Labor, raw materials and capital have a significant effect on production value. Effort of Community Economic Empowerment in Local Economic Development to be considered include: Target Group, Location, Synergy and Policy Focus, Sustainable Development, Governance, and Process Management.

scholarly journals Critical raw materials as a part of sustainable development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Michal Cehlár ◽  
Zuzana Šimková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Area ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Committee Of The Regions ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

The presented article deals with the issue of critical raw materials in the European Union with an emphasis on sustainable development and also barite, as an only one critical raw material mined in Slovakia. The article points out in detail the deposits of individual critical raw materials within the European Union. They clearly profile the European area´s dependence on imports of critical raw materials in accordance with the Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the European Union's list of critical raw materials. Based on a defined Herfindahl-Hirschman index, which is clearly methodologically described, the article also points to the exploitation of critical raw materials in the European Union, what is in consideration of sustainable development crucial because some inventions are fundamentally dependent on them, as is their production on world markets. This article deals with critical raw materials in the EU, because it is in this area that we would like to experience the 4th industrial revolution, which is characterized by "new products" with a short life cycle, products with the least possible impact on the environment, i.e. innovations that are often impossible without important raw materials. Is it at all possible to talk about sustainable development with such raw material sources in European Union?

scholarly journals Application prospects of Irkutsk region thermal coals

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1284
Author(s):  
L. N. Takaishvili ◽  
G. V. Agafonov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Coal Chemistry

The purpose of the paper is to assess application directions and prospects of Irkutsk region power generating coals for the needs of electric and heat power engineering with regard to the possible export of elect rical energy to the countries of South-East Asia, and use as raw materials for coal chemistry needs. The research is carried out using the methods of system analysis involving analysis and synthesis, formalization and concretization, structuring and restructuring, classification. It is the first time when the category of local power generating coals is distinguished under the analysis of the balance reserves of thermal coals. Their feature is low-quality and remoteness from settlements and transportation lanes. Their resource estimate is also given – 0.54 billion tons. An estimate of the recoverable reserves of local coals is obtained: it is 260 million tons. The potential level of local coal production is calculated. A retrospect of consumption trends of regional thermal coals is given and possible application directions are considered in the long run. It is shown that the most demanded direction is the use of coals for energy needs, mainly at thermal power plants. The calculated volumes of coal consumption of two export TPPs, Mugunskaya and Ishideiskaya, are respectively 11 and 6 million tons. According to the authors' calculations, the percentage of electrical energy generation at coal -fired TPPs depending on its export variant implementation can increase by 1.5 – 2.1 times as compared with the level of 2019. Availability of significant reserves of power generating coals in the region makes them a reliable source of energy resources for the electric and thermal power industry, including the export of electrical energy and a promising raw material for the needs of coal chemistry. Potential capacity of coal mining is estimated at 50-60 million tons per year, including 6.5 million tons of local coals. Production potential of coal significantly exceeds its demand both at present and in the future.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL BASES AND THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE DETERMINATION OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OUTSTRIPS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Amer Al-Atti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

The article defines conceptual foundations and theoretical ap- proaches to public administration of outstripping development in the Ukrainian economy. Proposed own author’s definition of public administration of the out- stripping development of the country’s economy. By analyzing the consequences of the global crisis, scientists in the public, business and academic circles of Ukraine are increasingly aware that effective development of the national economy in the future is impossible without the resolution of overdue structural problems, espe- cially those of national significance. These are the problems of national competi- tiveness, the low level of efficiency of use of raw materials and energy resources, the presence of depressed industries, sub-sectors and regions, the placement of capital investments mainly in the sphere of circulation, and not production of goods, etc. Important conclusions are drawn about the uneven and asymmetric effects of globalization on economic development in Ukraine, where, along with positive effects, there are obvious negative effects that can suppress national eco- nomic development. It is noted that the tendency of openness of the majority of world economies in different groups of countries of the world is uneven in intensity and subject to various factors. Therefore, Ukraine deserves to abandon the given apology of export-oriented development and actualize domestic demand, es- pecially in the areas of high technology and diversification of the export structure itself, in order to significantly increase the share of high-tech goods and services and expand participation in international cooperation of production. It is proved that the export-raw material type of economic growth and the overcentralization of financial resources in the metropolitan metropolis intensify territorial dispro- portions. The country faced an extremely serious task of reviewing the regional economic policy.

scholarly journals Organizational and economic relations in the chain supply of milk and dairy products

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
I. Paska ◽  
Yu. Grinchuk ◽  
I. Artimonova
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

The article discusses the organizational and economic relations between the participants in the supply chain of milk and dairy products. Generally, organizational and economic relations are a set of relations between the participants of the dairy products chain, which are formed in the process of production, distribution and sale to consumers, as a result of which the economic interests of all its participants are realized. The peculiarities of dairy products of the chain are systematized and the basic principles, conditions for their balanced development are determined, contributes to the coordination of the economic interests of all its participants. It has been proved that economic interest is an important component of organizational and economic relations in the supply chain of milk and dairy products, and its main elements are: prices for raw materials and fnished products, costs of production, processing of raw materials, transportation, terms of mutual settlements, material interest of personnel, norms of fulfllment of contractual obligations, risks and the like. Review of the negative factors of organizational and economic relations in the dairy product chain and their impact on the effectiveness of each of its participants. As a tool to increase the production of raw milk, it is proposed to optimize the raw material zones of dairy processing enterprises, develop strategic programs for the development of the industry and stimulate consumer demand, as well as create industry clusters. The calculations for the distribution of costs and income between participants in the supply chain of milk and milk products prove the need to ensure the equivalence of exchange. In order to improve the efciency of the researcher, it was proposed to increase the volume of milk production and processing, as well as to establish mutually benefcial relations between its participants, connected by a single production cycle. The directions of innovation and investment development of the participants in the dairy products chain, especially the link of dairy cattle breeding, are highlighted. It is highlighted that the innovative renewal of the activities of the chain participants is a process of cyclical activities focused on the production of competitive dairy products of a new generation, which will contribute to an increase in turnover in order to obtain the highest proft of the chain participants and satisfy the demand of consumers with different income levels. Key words: dairy products chain, chain participants, exchange equivalence, organizational and economic relations.

English Occupations, 1670–1811

1980 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Lindert
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Diminishing Returns ◽  
The Law ◽  
Marginal Returns ◽  
Material Scarcity

There are times when researchers must struggle through the weeds and pass up the easier roads chosen by Crane's wayfarer. Such a time has come for research on the growth and structure of the English economy before and during the Industrial Revolution. Our rational preference for the easier roads has caused us to apply increasing amounts of our abundant analytical cleverness to an endowment of empirical raw materials that has grown relatively slowly. But the Law of Diminishing Returns applies to historical research as well as to other activities, and the relatively generous inputs of analysis have lowered their marginal returns and created a condition of raw material scarcity. The returns to hacking through the archival weeds for new raw materials now seem high.

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