scholarly journals Graphic and phonetic features of the “Mirror of Theology” by Kyrylо Stavrovetsky in 1618

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Viktor Moisiienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Level ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Original Works ◽  
Special Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phonetic Features

The article analyzes the peculiarities of spelling and phonetic features of Ukrainian language of the monument “Mirror of Theology (Зерцало богословіи)” (1618) by Kyrylo Tranquillion-Stavrovetskyi.It is emphasized that the old Ukrainian literary and written tradition developed in the stream of contemporary cultural and linguistic trends of the late Middle Ages.The vernacular element has already penetrated into all spheres of written language of use: Ruthenian-Ukrainians easily and effortlessly introduced it into office work, fiction and polemical literature, into church-religious texts, and wrote scientific treatises with it. It is emphasized that special value for understanding the development of the Ukrainian literary language of specific time periods are original works, which revealed the uniqueness of the author, which is often emphasized by the use of local colloquial elements. Kyrylo Stavrovetskyi occupied a prominent place in the formation and development of the old Ukrainian literary language, because, according to many researchers, he was one of the most educated figures of the first half of the 17th century. It is noted that, in Ukrainian colloquial element is revealed quite widely and consistently at the sound level (confusion of ы, и; reflection of *ě; reflection of the consequences of ІІ palatalization, etc.). At the same time, some verbal features, inherent in writings of that time, are either not presented at all in the old edition of Kyrylo Stavrovetskyi (transition of the initial je > o), or are only singly revealed (new “ять”). Such selectivity of getting into the text of some features and not getting of others, perhaps, should be explained both by the general writing and spelling tendencies of that time and by author’s level of education. Keywords: history of the Ukrainian language, Old Ukrainian literary and written language, written memoir, dialect features.

scholarly journals TO THE HISTORY OF USING UDMURT LEXICAL DIALECTISMS IN EARLY TEXTS AND PATHS TO THEIR SYNONYMIZATION (Using example words with the meaning ’to deceive’)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-803
Author(s):  
V.K. Kel'makov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Subsequent Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
The 19Th Century

Due to the lack of a common Udmurt written language, the translated texts of the first half of the 19th century and the subsequent time up to the beginning of the 20th century were formally oriented towards the native speakers of separate Udmurt dialects and therefore, they were mainly based on the Sarapul, Glazov, Kazan, Yelabuga and other dialects. However, in most cases, these translated texts - even the earliest ones - were linguistically different in various degrees from the spoken variant of the original basic dialects, since translators and editors were forced to incorporate linguistic elements from other dialects, firstly, in order to make these translations accessible for the majority of the Udmurt readers, and secondly, to enhance the expressive capabilities of the literary Udmurt language. Consequently, even the very first as well as the following Udmurt translations of Russian and (partially) Christian Tatar religious texts introduced various dialectal inclusions, especially lexical ones. The article discusses the ways and methods of using inter-dialectical lexical parallels with special attention to one of them, consisting of lexical units with the common meaning “to deceive” (in the clerical literature also “seduce, tempt”): southern aldani̮, peripheral southern and central örekč́ani̮ and northern pöjani̮. In the end, these specific words and a number of other inter-dialectal correspondences close to each other in meaning were subjected in the Udmurt literary language to full or partial synonymization, as evidenced by the language of Udmurt printed materials of recent decades.

scholarly journals The History of the Manuscript’s Collections by Moldo Niyaz

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-598
Author(s):  
A. Akynbekova
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The issue of the existence of Kyrgyz literature and literary language prior the Soviet period has not yet been resolved and still remains an open topic for discussion. There is no nation without a writing system, the history; the past and experience of folk are presented to the next generation through written system. This paper provides information about the formation stages of Kyrgyz literature and literary language, written works, documents and letters written in one of the Turkic languages — Kyrgyz in the pre-Soviet period, especially in the XVIII–XIX centuries. Also, in this paper there are an assessment of ideas, criticism and opinions of Kyrgyz culture researches about Kyrgyz written system such as: A. Kanymetov, S. S. Danyarov, philologists turkologists: I. A. Batmanov, K. K. Yudakhin, S. E. Malov, V. M. Ploskikh, E. Tenishev, A. Nallo, B. M. Yunusaliev, S. K. Kudaibergenov and Kh. K. Karasaev. In this study we attempted to determine the creation dates of some written works found today. The found documents and manuscripts, relating to the middle of the XIX century, create more opportunities for linguistics’ study, for ideas and suggestions on the status of the Kyrgyz language as being Turkic of almost sesquicentennial prescription. We tried to provide the most information on the topics of study and collection of works, characterized as the most significant documents of Moldo Niyaz — one of the first representatives of ‘zhazgych akyn’s’ (reading and chronicling improvising poets). The fact that the turkologists linguists did not carry out the necessary works and did not present documentary evidence of the Kyrgyz written language results to the opinion of non-existence of Kyrgyz written language, thus literary language. However, to the present day the activities of collection of the original manuscript’s copies of ‘zhazgych akyn’s’ important representatives among the public, a compilation of manuscripts, and their linguistic studies are still ignored. This kind of work will be a valuable and useful resource for large text research in the field of hermeneutics.

scholarly journals Notes Towards a History of Aṣe Dawit I (1382–1413)

Aethiopica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 71-88
Author(s):  
Steven Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Representation ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Land Grants ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Original Works ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cross ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Church

Dawit I has received far less attention than either his grandfather ʿAmdä Ṣǝyon I or his son Zärʾa Yaʿǝqob. This comparatively brief article attempts to partially redress the balance. During the more than three decades during which he reigned, Dawit strengthened the religious and political fabric of Ethiopia. By promoting devotion to both the Cross and the Virgin Mary, he provided the Church with two pan-Christian symbols which transcended local rivalries and regional loyalties. These were, moreover, symbols particularly suited to visual representation and hence comparatively easy to propagate among Ethiopia’s largely illiterate population. He did not, however, neglect the role of religious texts. His reign is remembered both for the important translations initiated, most notably Täʾammǝrä Maryam and for original works composed by his close associate Giyorgis of Sägla. Dawit also made great strides in solidifying Church state relations, particularly through his generous land grants, and although he did not succeed in resolving the Ewosṭatian controversy, in the last decade of his rule, he moved towards a pragmatic accommodation. All this would by itself, qualify Dawit as one of the outstanding leaders in Ethiopian history. His military successes, particularly against the Muslims of Adal, can only further cement his reputation.

scholarly journals НАЗВАНИЯ ЗА ЖИЛИЩЕ В БЪЛГАРСКАТА ЕЗИКОВА КАРТИНА ПРЕЗ СРЕДНОВЕКОВИЕТО / NAMES FOR LIVING PLACES IN THE BULGARIAN LANGUAGE PICTURE OF THE WORLD IN THE MIDDLE AGES

2022 ◽  
Vol 68 (68.04) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Vanya Micheva
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Christian Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Original Works ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

This study presents the linguistic and semantic realizations of the concept of living places in the Old Bulgarian classical and original works from the 9th – 11th centuries and in the works of Patriarch Euthymius. A system of words and collocations and their use in different contexts are analyzed in view of their relation to Christian culture and the medieval picture of the world. The author traces the process of enrichment of the names for living places and the changes in the conceptual content of the studied words and collocations. Keywords: names for living places, medieval conceptosphere, history of the Bulgarian literary language

scholarly journals What Is Language History?

Slovene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 394-455
Author(s):  
Irina A. Podtergera
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Language History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
Historical Grammar ◽  
Russian Linguistic

This paper examines the notion of ‘language history,’ which has taken on a different meaning in the Russian linguistic tradition compared to its usage by Western European scholars. The article starts with an analysis of contemporary Western European theories according to which one should consider language history as a historical discipline, and draw a clear distinction between language history and historical grammar. According to the currently accepted socio-pragmatic approach, the subject of language history is, first of all, the history of communication. It is this approach that is presented in the first section of the paper. The history of this notion is then further analyzed. The dichotomy between ‘language history’ vs. ‘historical linguistics’ is not entirely new but goes back to the dichotomy between ‘external’ and ‘internal’ language history, which was widespread at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries and still remains important. In the second section, the author compares linguistic studies in the sphere of historical Slavic studies from the last third of the 19th to the first decades of the 20th centuries to the contemporary theories in Western European historical linguistics in the context of the model of external and internal language history. It is the interpretation of the notion ‘literary language’ that is of special interest. In the works of historians of language from the late 19th–early 20th centuries, it was used interchangeably with the term ‘written language,’ i.e., the language of writing in general. The phenomenon of ‘written language’ constituted an aspect of the ‘external history of a language.’ In the theory of functional linguistics developed by the Prague linguistic circle, the notion of the ‘literary language’ acquired a new meaning, i.e., ‘standard language.’ However, in Soviet linguistics the new concept was denoted by the old term with a different tradition behind it. This led to a confusion regarding the concepts and the subjects of research: the separate aspect split off to form a new discipline—the history of literary language—which inevitably resulted in a reduced field of research. This matter is examined in the third segment of the paper. The concluding section returns to the socio-pragmatic approach to the history of language described at the beginning of the paper, suggesting an alternative model for the study of Russian language history, which should be regarded as the history of language and its usage.

Status and Perspective of Hospital Information Systems in Japan

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ogushi ◽  
Y. Okada ◽  
M. Kimura ◽  
I Kumamoto ◽  
Y. Sekita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Hospital Information Systems ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Patient Registration ◽  
Hospital Managers ◽  
Obvious Benefit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Future Hospital ◽  
Order Entry Systems

AbstractQuestionnaire surveys were sent to hospital managers, designed to shape the policy for future hospital information systems in Japan. The answers show that many hospitals use dedicated management systems, especially for patient registration and accounting, and personnel, food control, pharmacy and financial departments. In many hospitals, order-entry systems for laboratory tests and prescriptions are well developed. Half of the hospitals have patient databases used for inquiries of basic patient information, history of outpatient care and hospital care. The most obvious benefit is the reduction of office work, due to effective hospital information system. Many hospital managers want to use the following sub systems in the future for automatic payment, waiting time display, patient records search, automatic prescription verification, drug side-effect monitoring, and graphical display of patient record data.

SEJARAH KONFLIK KEBANGKITAN ISLAM DI MINANGKABAU: Sebuah Tinjauan Awal Terhadap Proses Kemunculannya

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Ihsan Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Correct Understanding

This article in principle wants to examine the history of the emergence of the conflict of Islamic revival in Minangkabau starting from the Paderi Movement to the Youth in Minangkabau. Especially in the initial period, namely the Padri movement, there was a tragedy of violence (radicalism) that accompanied it. This study becomes important, because after all the reformation of Islam began to be realized by reforming human life in the world. Both in terms of thought with the effort to restore the correct understanding of religion as it should, from the side of the practice of religion, namely by reforming deviant practices and adapted to the instructions of the religious texts (al-Qur'an and sunnah), and also from the side of strengthening power religion. In this case the research will be directed to the efforts of renewal by the Padri to the Youth towards the Islamic community in Minangkabau. To discuss this problem used historical research methods. Through this method, it is tested and analyzed critically the records and relics of the past. In analyzing the data in this research basically used approach or interactive analysis model by Miles and Huberman. In this analysis model, the three components of the analysis are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification, the activity is carried out in an interactive form with the process of collecting data as a process that continues, repeats, and continues to form acycle.

A Melkite Arabic literary lingua franca from the second half of the first millennium

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Blau
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Arabic Dialects ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
The Ideal

After the Islamic conquest, the Greek Orthodox, so-called Melkite ( = Royalist), church fairly early adopted Arabic as its literary language. Their intellectual centres in Syria/Palestine were Jerusalem, along with the monaster ies of Mar Sabas and Mar Chariton in Judea, Edessa and Damascus. A great many Arabic manuscripts stemming from the first millennium, some of them dated, copied at the monastery of Mar Chariton and especially at that of Mar Saba, have been discovered in the monastery of St. Catherine on Mount Sinai, the only monastery that has not been pillaged and set on fire by the bedouin. These manuscripts are of great importance for the history of the Arabic language. Because Christians were less devoted to the ideal of the ‘arabiyya than their Muslim contemporaries, their writings contain a great many devi ations from classical Arabic, thus enabling us to reconstruct early Neo-Arabic, the predecessor of the modern Arabic dialects, and bridge a gap of over one thousand years in the history of the Arabic language.

Constituency Agents and British Party Politics

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Frasure ◽  
Allan Kornberg
Keyword(s):  
Party Politics ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Job Descriptions ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Training

We began by reviewing the history of agency and by describing the two major parties' procedures for recruiting and training agents. Not surprisingly, the perceptions that agents have of their roles is not entirely congruent with official perceptions. Approximately 20 per cent of the agents of both parties felt that the performance of various representational functions was the most important part of their job although these tasks are not included in official job descriptions. Moreover, although a majority of the agents in each party believed that their most important job was to build and maintain constituency organizations capable of winning elections, the majority of their time was not spent on this task. Conservative agents seemingly spent a disproportionate amount of time doing routine office work, whereas over 40 per cent of the Labour agents spent much of their time trying to raise the funds that paid their salaries. Large numbers of agents in both parties agreed that raising money in their constituencies was a difficult and largely unrewarding task.

25 years of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Slovak Academy of Sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Marina M. Valentsova ◽  
Elena S. Uzeneva
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Language History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Slavic Studies

The essay was written to mark the 25th anniversary of the Slavic Institute named after Jan Stanislav SAS (Bratislava). The Institute was founded to conduct interdisciplinary research on the relationships of the Slovak language and culture with other Slavic languages and cultures, as well as to study the Slovak-Latin, Slovak-Hungarian, and Slovak-German cultural and linguistic interactions in ancient times and the Middle Ages. The article introduces the main milestones in the formation and development of the Institute, its employees, the directions of their scientific work, and their significant publications. The main areas of research of the Slavic Institute (initially the Slavic Cabinet) cover linguistics (lexicography, history of language), history, folklore, cultural studies, musicology, and textology. Much attention is paid to the annotated translation of foreign religious texts into Slovak. A valuable contribution of the Institute to Slavic Studies is the creation of a database of Cyrillic and Latin handwritten and printed texts related to the Byzantine-Slavic tradition in Slovakia.

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