scholarly journals Ethnocultural Problems and Policies in The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Refly Setiawan ◽  
Gine Putri Pertiwi ◽  
Siti Indarini Nur Faizah ◽  
Diki Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ethnic Associations

This study discusses about ethnocultural problems and policies in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia with a complex multiethnic population in a condition of balance between the two main ethnic groups, namely Russians and Tatars. In addition, there are historical and ideological views for ethnocultural policy formation in Tatarstan, positive and negative trends in the field of interethnic relations. The author focuses on aspects of ethnocultural policy implementation such as the implementation of the right to receive ethnocultural education and preservation of indigenous languages, support for traditional folk culture, interaction with public ethnic associations, etc. In addition, it also looks at how the legislative and regulatory framework is applied in the ethnocultural policy area. The results of this study illustrate that the existence of a situation in the field of inter-ethnic relations can indicate the end of the ethnocentric policy model in areas that are in favor of the Tatar community in the current conditions of multiculturalism. In this case there are people or groups who feel dissatisfied on both sides of the policies taken so that the interests of other ethnic groups in the region also receive less attention, such as: Chuvash, Mordovia, Mari, Armenian, etc. This can lead to the radicalization of these ethnic groups.

The Shifting Identities and Loyalties in Kyrgyzstan: The Evidence from the Field

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainura Elebayeva ◽  
Nurbek Omuraliev ◽  
Rafis Abazov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ethnic Policy ◽  
Shifting Identities

The main objective of the ethnic policy of the government of Kyrgyzstan in the post-Soviet era was a consolidation of all people and ethnic groups on the territory of the Republic into the Kyrgyzstani nation. Such a goal is important for any nation that has just gained independence, but for the Kyrgyz Republic it was an especially important task for several reasons. First, the multiethnic composition of the country: in 1991 the Kyrgyzs, or the titular nation of the Republic, constituted roughly 52% of the population, there were around 22% Russians, and the Uzbeks represented 13% of the population. Second, interethnic relations in the Republic were especially tense at the beginning of the 1990s because of the interethnic conflicts in the southern regions of the Republic in 1989 and 1990.1 Third, the Kyrgyzs themselves lacked national cohesiveness and they often defined themselves as members of different tribes or tribal groups with distinct dialects, dress, and political affiliations.

scholarly journals Ethnosociological Studies in the Republic of Mordovia in 1990–2010: A Retrospective Analysis

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Kozin ◽  
Sergey G. Ushkin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Ethnic Tension ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Public Policy Regulation

Introduction. Ethnosociological monitoring in a polyethnic region is conducted not only due to the need for an assessment of the public policy regulation in this field, but also due to the increase in the heuristic potential for preventing various kinds of social conflicts. The objective of the paper is to identify the dynamics of the development of interethnic relations in the Republic of Mordovia and the influence of various stratification processes on the development of ethnic relations, based on a comparative analysis of scientific studies. Materials and Methods. Regular sociological measurements carried out by the Research Institute of Regionology under Ogarev Mordovia State University and by the Scientific Center for Social and Economic Monitoring in 1990–2010 were used as the research materials. The interpretation of the results was carried out using the institutional, comparative and natural historical methods. Results. The main trends in the development of mass consciousness of the population of a polyethnic region in the context of various socio-political periods of the development of Russia have been revealed: from the ‘parade of sovereignties’ that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union to the reactualization of the ideology of a strong multiethnic Russian state. It has been emphasized that over the years, the main reasons exerting a negative impact on the nature of interethnic relations have mainly been not the interethnic conflicts, but the politically or economically marked factors (the economic crisis, inflation, appointment to managerial posts based on the ethnicity of a person, income inequality between representatives of different ethnic origins, etc.). Discussion and Conclusion. Although interethnic relations in the Republic of Mordovia has almost never achieved an increased level of conflict, the republic’s leadership was able to build an effective system for regulating them, which made it possible to minimize the degree of social and ethnic tension in society. The article may be useful to scientists and practitioners in the field of the development of interethnic relations and to all those interested in the issues of ethnosociology.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF AUTO-AND HETEROSTEREOTYPES OF OSSETIANS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F KHUBESHTY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Social Stereotype ◽  
North Ossetia

The article analyzes the concepts of "social stereotype" and" ethnic stereotype", which act as regulators in inter-group, and therefore in inter-ethnic and inter-ethnic relations. The article presents the structure of an ethnic stereotype, which is a generalization of ideas about the characteristics of certain ethno-cultural or ethnic groups, its types, and describes the main functions in the conditions of inter-group interaction. Empirically, auto - and heterostereotypes of Ossetians living in the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania were identified using the questionnaire of N. M. Lebedeva. As a result of the research with 250 respondents in December 2019, the autostereotype of Ossetians, as well as heterostereotypes of representatives of the Russian, Ingush, Chechen, Georgian and Chinese ethnic groups were identified. Heterostereotypes of Ossetians include universal human qualities, reflect the perception of other ethnic groups by Ossetians from the position of tolerance, accompanied by a positive attitude to other ethnic groups with which they come into contact.

scholarly journals Legal Aid in Indonesia: Problems and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akbar Maulana Gustaf
Keyword(s):  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

In the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 28D Paragraph (1), it is stated that "Everyone has the right to recognition, guarantee, protection and legal certainty that is just and equal treatment before the law." Legal aid is legal services provided by legal aid providers free of charge to legal aid recipients, namely people or groups of poor people to obtain justice. Legal Aid Providers are legal aid organizations or social organizations that provide Legal Aid services based on Law no. 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid. With free legal assistance, people who are unable, in this case at the economic level, who are involved in the judicial process will receive relief from obtaining legal advisors so that their rights can be protected and the judicial process can proceed properly.

scholarly journals The ‘hybrid model’ of Norway’s ethnic policy in its northern counties: a key to stable interethnic relations

Baltic Region ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
Maksim Y. Zadorin ◽  
Ekaterina S. Kotlova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
Legal Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ethnic Policy

In this article, we study the political and legal model currently used by Norway in its Northern counties. This work is a part of comprehensive research supported by the Russian Science Foundation. Our study aims to provide a historical perspective to the model of Nor­way’s national ethnic policy in the Northern counties by identifying the operational capabili­ties and assessing the efficiency of these models amid increasing migration flows and changes in the country’s socio-economic environment. The methods we use in this multidisciplinary study are situated at the interface of national and international law, political science, history, and sociology. They include the comparative historical method (the dynamics of ethno-political processes), the systemic method (ethic policy in the framework of target-based pro­gramme management), the comparative law method (a comparison of national legal systems and international contractual standards), the value and norm-driven method (ethnic policy viewed through the prism of public good), institutional method (the role of political institu­tions), and the secondary analysis of sociological data. We also rely on qualitative methods, namely, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data on ethnic diasporas living in the North of Norway. As a result, we establish that the Kingdom of Norway has a unified ap­proach to national ethnic policy, which rests on self-confessed multiculturalism. However, different ethnic political models are applied in the case of certain ethnic groups. Today, against the background of declared state multiculturalism and integration, the models of ac­culturation and non-violent assimilation are both operational in Norway. There are sporadic expressions of nationalism and voluntary segregation. We conclude that, despite a unified approach to ethnic policy and despite Norway’s political and legal achievements in the pro­tection of indigenous peoples’ rights, the country’s government carries out a differentiated ‘hybrid’ ethnic policy towards ethnic groups living on its territory. The growing infighting between the right and the left parties in the Storting translates into unpopular and spur-of-the-moment political decisions as regards inter-ethnic relations.

scholarly journals RESIDENTS OF CHUVASHIA ABOUT INTERETHNIC AND INTER-CONFESSIONAL RELATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Ivan I. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Absolute Majority ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
Negative Statements ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Negative Relationships

The article discusses the estimates made by Chuvashia’s population of different aspects of interethnic and inter-confessional relations in the Republic. For this purpose, the materials of the population sociological survey were used, more than 600 residents of the Republic took part in the survey, their distribution by sex, age and place of residence was taken into account. The study was carried out by the Chuvash State Institute of Humanities. In a number of cases, data obtained during 2018 and 2019 studies were used. Negative elements of inter-ethnic relationships, manifested in negative statements about people of other nationalities, real manifestations of such negative relationships are examined. It is shown that such inconveniences are not common, and they were noted by a small number of respondents. An absolute majority of respondents give a positive assessment to inter-ethnic and inter-confessional relations, which is consistent with data obtained in earlier surveys. The conclusion is made about sustainability of the results characterizing the inter-ethnic relations in the Republic. The general and the special in the opinions of representatives of the two main ethnic groups of the Republic – the Chuvash and the Russians are shown. The attitude to religion, its place in the life of respondents is examined.

scholarly journals THE ETHNIC IDENTIFICATION OF RUSSIANS IN MONO- AND POLYETHNIC REGIONS: REPERTORY GRID ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-40
Author(s):  
Svetlana G. Maximova ◽  
Daria A. Omelchenko ◽  
Oksana E. Noyanzina
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Repertory Grid ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Grid Analysis ◽  
Grid Approach ◽  
The Republic

The identity of ethnic Russians has been shaped in co-habitation with various ethnic groups and implementation of nation-building projects, where they always had special status and mission. Its peculiarities are important for understanding the actual inter-ethnic relations in Russia and perspectives of their development. A study based on the of repertory grid approach was conducted in two border regions with different ethnic composition – the Altai territory (mono-ethnic region, n = 543, 16 to 75 years) and the Republic of Altai (poly-ethnic region, n = 354, 16 to 75 years). It was found, that the most important characteristics for identification and evaluation of ethnic groups are related to security, social and economic position, mental similarity. In mono-ethnic region the image of Russians is constructed on the base of positive stereotypes and opposed to ethnic groups, perceived as different. In poly-ethnic region the self-perception is more differentiated, the ethnic identity acquires additional traits, bringing Russians and cohabitating groups closer. Our study has implications for theories of social identity and interethnic cooperation, as well as for the literature on national policy under cultural and ethnic diversity. It could be used for replication in the repertory grid analysis aimed at ethnic identity issues.

scholarly journals RUSSIAN PEASANTRY IN THE MULTI-ETHNIC SPACE OF THE «UDMURT UYEZDS» OF THE KAMA-VYATKA REGION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY (migration and demographic processes, inter-ethnic relations)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Anton V. Baryshnikov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Priority Direction ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Xix Century

The article deals with the issues of the settlement of the Russian peasantry, demographic processes, certain aspects of interaction and mutual influence of ethnic groups’ cultures in the multi-ethnic space of the «Udmurt uyezds» of the Kama-Vyatka region in the post-reform period. The Russian peasantry settled on the designated territory for a long period and with varying degrees of intensity. The pacemaker process before the Great Reforms of Alexander II was migration from various Russian regions. In the second half of the XIX century, the priority direction was the process of internal migration. The Russians are becoming a numerically predominant ethnic group in the «Udmurt uyezds». In Glazovsky Uyezd, the increase in the number of Russian peasants was associated with the formation of settlements around mining and metallurgical enterprises. As a result, their population became mono-ethnic. In Sarapul uyezd, the main part of the settlements was formed in the second half of the XVIII – early XIX centuries. In the second half of the XIX century, there was a change in the ethnic composition of individual villages. The Russian newly-arrived peasantry more often settled in the already existing Udmurt small settlements and villages. There are cases of Russian peasants ousting representatives of other ethnic groups from the territories they inhabited. Similar trends can be traced in Malmyzh district. Based on the actual material of this uyezd, the reasons for the contradictions that arise between different ethnic groups are viewed. Most often, they occurred in the field of farming, which is characterized by technological techniques, established community traditions and ethno-confessional commitments. In Yelabuga uyezd, in contrast to Malmyzh uyezd, the process of cultures’ mutual influence developed widely. A joint good-neighborly settlement of the Russian, Udmurt, and Mari peasantry brought fruitful results in the exchange of agricultural experience and technological techniques in craftsman enterprises. Moreover, heterogeneous marriages often occurred here, which intensified interaction of ethnic traditions. Cases of indigenous population displacement by migrants were rather an exception. The dynamics of interethnic relations development in uyezds had its own peculiarities, however in the Kama-Vyatka region in the post-reform period, it can be described as moderately good-neighborly. Peasants of various ethnic groups exchanged economic and cultural experience.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF A CULTURE OF INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF PUBLIC CONSCIOUSNESS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MODERN TURKESTAN REGION)

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Т. Kashkinbayeva ◽  
◽  
S.S. Korganova ◽  
B.А. Gabdulina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Republic

This article is devoted to the analysis of the factors contributing to the formation of the culture of interethnic relations in the conditions of modernization of public consciousness. To reveal the topic, the statistical data of Turkestan region on ethnic composition were used, the role and importance of the Assembly of people of Kazakhstan and ethno-cultural associations in strengthening interethnic harmony in the region were considered. At the end of the conclusions and suggestions. This article is devoted to the study of the role of ethno-cultural associations of Shymkent and Turkestan region in strengthening interethnic harmony. Ethno-cultural contacts and interethnic communications are shown, which are designed to explain the mechanism of development and functioning of modern ethnic processes, forms of translation and preservation of their ethno-cultural experience. The conclusion that the history and national traditions must be taken into account in the Ethnopolitics of the state is substantiated. Ethno-cultural associations and houses of Friendship should conduct coordinated work in the field of culture, language, traditions, implementing the national policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

scholarly journals The position of the Hungarian national minority in Vojvodina: Sociological and legal aspects

Sociologija ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-366
Author(s):  
Zeljka Manic
Keyword(s):  
First Language ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Language Preservation ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

The text is about sociological and legal analysis of the position of the Hungarian national minority in Vojvodina, with special regard to the period between 2002 and 2007. It is believed that ethnic relations have a significant role in establishing national identity, and that collective rights represent the legitimate effort to preserve the language, writings and culture of those ethnic groups. The position of the Hungarian national minority is the position that is guaranteed by the constitution of the Republic of Serbia in the section regarding the collective rights: the right to the education in their first language, official use of language and writing, media information's in first language, preservation of culture and the right to participate in public activities. The position of Hungarian minority is regarded in two dimensions: the level of legal regulations and the level of actual problems that the members of minority are facing when practicing their rights.

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