scholarly journals Neutrophils’ functional activity in patients with mechanical jaundice and different levels of bilirubin

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4417-4422
Author(s):  
Marina A. Darenskaya ◽  
Liubov I. Kolesnikova ◽  
Olga V. Smirnova ◽  
Boris G. Gubanov ◽  
Edward V. Kasparov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Activity Dependence ◽  
Different Levels

Introduction: Mechanical jaundice (MJ) or bile duct blockage occurs when the bile ducts' patency is impaired, and the bile flow has stopped. One of the main pathogenetic factors developing complications with MJ is immune system imbalance, particularly its phagocytic link. The purpose of the study was to understand neutrophils' functional activity dependence with different blood bilirubin levels in men with mechanical jaundice. Methods: Forty-seven middle-aged men with mechanical jaundice were divided into three groups depending on the bilirubin levels in their blood: less than 60 μmol/L (n = 10), 60 – 200 μmol/L (n = 20), and more than 200 μmol/L (n = 17). The control group consisted of 50 practically healthy men of the same age. The neutrophils' functional state was assessed using the methods of spontaneous and induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of neutrophils. Results: In the group of patients with mechanical jaundice and a bilirubin level of less than 60 μmol/L, there was an increase in the values of T max spontaneous by 96%, I max spontaneous by 44.81%, S spontaneous by 224.6%, T max induced by 19.9%, I max induced by 13.5%, and S induced by 140.3%. In the group with bilirubin levels from 60 – 200 μmol/L, there was an increase in the values of T max spontaneous by 86.8%, I max spontaneous at 47.7%, S spontaneous at 204.6%, I max induced at 28.3%, S induced at 445%, and activation index at 70%. The group with bilirubin levels more than 200 μmol/L showed an increase in the level of T max spontaneous by 85.9%, I max spontaneous by 53.4%, S spontaneous by 927.3%, I max induced by 28.6%, S induced by 1045%, and activation index by 92.3% compared with the control values. The intergroup differences were found in S spontaneous levels, which were higher in the group with more than 200 μmol/L bilirubin levels compared with the 60 – 200 μmol/L group and less than the 60 μmol/L groups by 216.9% and 237.3% respectively. Conclusion: The revealed changes characterize the functional activity of neutrophils' increase with an increase in the bilirubin levels in patients with mechanical jaundice.

scholarly journals Hepatocholescintigraphy in diagnosis of functional state of biliodigestive anastomoses

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Kulezneva ◽  
L. V. Bondar ◽  
E. A. Vasina ◽  
M. B. Boboeva ◽  
P. M. Cholak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Bowel Anastomosis ◽  
Biliodigestive Anastomosis ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Flow Through

Aim. To identify diagnostic value of hepatocholescintigraphy for evaluation of functional state of biliodigestive anastomoses (BDA).Material and methods. 99mTc-IDA hepatocholescintigraphy was applied in 52 patients to evaluate function of biliodigestive anastomoses.Results. Scintigraphic signs of “bowel-anastomosis” and/or “BDA-intrahepatic bile ducts” reflux were revealed in 14 (27%) cases. Obstruction of biliodigestive anastomosis occurred in 3 (5.7%) patients. Normal bile flow through BDA was observed in 10 (19.2%) patients, impaired passage – in 21 (40.3%) cases. Tracer delay in intrahepatic bile ducts was noted in 21 (25.0%) cases, signs of adhesive process near deferent bowel – in 3 (3.8%) cases.Conclusion. Hepatocholescintigraphy is highly effective method to assess biliary tract in patients after Roux-en-Y biliodigestive anastomoses formation.

scholarly journals Proximal Extrahepatic Bile Ducts: Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-93
Author(s):  
M. A. Shorikov ◽  
O. N. Sergeeva ◽  
M. G. Lapteva ◽  
N. A. Peregudov ◽  
B. I. Dolgushin
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Extrahepatic Bile Duct ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Biliary Tree ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Extrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
And Function ◽  
Variant Anatomy

Proximal extrahepatic bile ducts are the biliary tree segment within formal boundaries from cystic ductcommon hepatic duct junction to sectoral hepatic ducts. Despite being a focus of attention of diagnostic and interventional radiologists, endoscopists, hepatobiliary surgeons and transplantologists they weren’t comprehensively described in available papers. The majority of the authors regard bile duct confluence as a group of merging primitively arranged tubes providing bile flow. The information on the proximal extrahepatic bile duct embryonal development, variant anatomy, innervation, arterial, venous and lymphatic supply is too general and not detailed. The present review brought together and systemized exiting to the date data on anatomy and function of this biliary tract portion. Unique, different from the majority of hollow organs organization of the proximal extrahepatic bile duct adapts them to the flow of the bile, i.e. viscous aggressive due to pH about 8.0 and detergents fluid, under higher wall pressure than in other parts of biliary tree. 

scholarly journals Resection of extrahepatic bile ducts with partial hepatectomy for treating intra- and extrahepatic hepatolithiasis

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
HongTian Xia ◽  
XiangFei Meng ◽  
XianLei Xin ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy Rate ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Cox Analysis ◽  
Fair Poor

Abstract Background To evaluate the efficacy and safety of our new surgical procedures for primary intra- and extrahepatic hepatolithiasis. Hepatolithiasis is an intractable disease with frequent recurrences. Methods From 1996 to 2005, 142 patients with intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic hepatolithiasis treated with the conventional surgical methods were included as the control group, while 128 consecutive patients treated with new surgical methods from 2006 to 2015 were included as the observation group. The new surgical procedures included a comprehensive intraoperative exploration of the bile ducts, focusing on the structure and function of the hilar bile duct and duodenal papilla, exploration of the affected liver, and bile culture. Results The observation group had a significantly higher complete stone clearance rate than the control group (100% vs. 65.96%). The observation group had significantly lower incidences of cholangitis and bile duct stones, as well as a higher excellent and good long-term surgical efficacy rate (86.24% vs. 52.73%). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the control group had a higher risk for fair + poor efficacy than the observation group (HR: 8.47). Conclusions Our new surgical procedures are safe and can provide a good long-term efficacy for treating primary hepatolithiasis intra- and extrahepatic hepatolithiasis.

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

A new method for the experimental induction of secundary biliary cirrhosis in wistar rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gracinda De Lourdes Jorge ◽  
Luiz Sergio Leonardi ◽  
Ilka de Fatima Santana Ferreira Boin ◽  
Orlando de Castro e Silva Jr ◽  
Cecilia Amelia Fazzio Escanhoela
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Technical Failure ◽  
Duct Obstruction ◽  
Duct Ligation

The aim of this study was to describe a method for the induction of experimental secondary biliary fibrosis (SBF). Forty-seven Wistar rats were submitted to hepatic duct obstruction (OB group) for thirty days without ligature, section or cannulization causing interruption of biliary flow. This technique was carried out by simple traction of the bile duct passing it through the xiphoid appendix. Nine rats were submitted to a sham operation for bile duct stricture and seven rats comprised the control group. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of total bilirubin (TB), alkaline phosphatase (AP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Liver fragments were removed for morphological study. Thirty days after surgery TB, AP, ALT and AST levels were significantly increased in the hepatic duct ligation group compared to the sham operated group and the presence of SBF in the OB group was confirmed by morphological study of the liver. There was technical failure in 31.92% cases. The survival was 100% at fifteen days and 82.97% at the end of the experiment. We concluded that this simple surgical technique may be used to study the consequence of bile duct obstruction which could be a reversible process depending on the obstruction time. This technique can be carried out from cholestasis to fibrosis.

A differentiated approach to the dental caries prevention in children with different levels of caries risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
T. N. Tserakhava ◽  
N. V. Shakavets ◽  
E. I. Melnikava ◽  
M. I. Klenovskaya ◽  
D. N. Naumovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Health Group ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
First Permanent Molars

Relevance. Prevention of caries of the first permanent molars is one of the most relevant problems in pediatricdentistry.Purpose – to develop an algorithm for prevention of first permanent molars caries in children with differentlevels of caries risk.Materials and methods. The article presents the results of the implementation of the algorithm for prevention of first permanent molars caries in children with different levels of caries risk. This algorithm includes a comprehensive assessment of the values of indices dmft, DMFT, OHI-S, and the patient's health group is also taken into account. The study involved 253 children aged 6-7 years divided into 4 groups: 3 groups of children depending on the health group and the control group. 3 subgroups were identified in each group – with a low, medium, and high caries risk. We developed preventive measures schemes were for children of each group including training in oral hygiene; controlled and home toothbrushing using fluoride-containing toothpastes; applications of varnishes containing fluoride, calcium, phosphates from 2 to 3 times a year; fissure sealing of the first permanent molars. We carried out these activities were for 24 months, and then evaluated theirs effectiveness. Children in the control group were trained in oral hygiene. The clinical effectiveness of medical prophylaxis was evaluated by changes in the above clinical indicators.Results. In group of children with medium caries risk the increase in caries was 0.09, and the reduction in caries was 89.65%. In children with a low and high caries risk no increase in caries was observed; the reduction in the intensity of caries was 100%. A significant decrease in OHI-S oral hygiene index values was noted in all groups (p < 0.05). We noted high preventive efficacy of fissures sealing in the first permanent molars. No occlusal surface caries developed in sealed fissures.Conclusions. The application of the proposed preventive schemes in patients demonstrates high efficacy of fluoride and calcium-containing varnishes and sealing the fissures of the first permanent molars. 

scholarly journals The Relationships between HIV-1 Infection, History of Methamphetamine Use Disorder, and Soluble Biomarkers in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
T. Walter ◽  
Jennifer Iudicello ◽  
Debra Cookson ◽  
Donald Franklin ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Immune Biomarkers ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv 1

Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder is highly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) and is a significant public health problem. HIV and METH use are each associated with immune system dysfunction; however, the combined effects on the immune system are poorly understood. This cross-sectional project measured soluble immune biomarkers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from a control group, people with a history of a METH use disorder (METH+), PWH with no history of METH use disorder (HIV+), and PWH with a history of METH use disorder (HIV+/METH+). HIV, METH, and immune dysfunction can also be associated with affective and cognitive deficits, so we characterized mood and cognition in our participants. Two factor analyses were performed for the plasma and CSF biomarkers. Plasma IL-8, Ccl2, VEGF, and 8-isoprostane loaded onto one factor that was highest in the HIV+/METH+ group (p < 0.047) reflecting worse inflammation, vascular injury, and oxidative stress. This plasma factor was also negatively correlated with delayed recall (R = −0.49, p = 0.010), which was worst in the HIV+/METH+ group (p = 0.030 compared to the control group). Overall, these data implicate that combined HIV-1 infection and METH use may exacerbate inflammation, leading to worse cognition.

scholarly journals Cannabis Extract Has a Positive–Immunostimulating Effect through Proteolytic System and Metabolic Compounds of Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) Workers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2190
Author(s):  
Patrycja Skowronek ◽  
Łukasz Wójcik ◽  
Aneta Strachecka
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proteolytic System ◽  
Sugar Syrup ◽  
Administration Method ◽  
Cannabis Extract ◽  
Compound Concentration ◽  
Experimental Group

In the study, we assessed the effect of hemp extract on activities of resistance parameters and the metabolic compound concentration in adult workers’ hemolymph. Bees were divided into the following groups: (1) control group fed with mixture of sugar and water-glycerine solution, (2) experimental group with pure sugar syrup and inside with cotton strips soaked with hemp extract, (3) experimental group with a mixture of sugar syrup with hemp extract. Hemp extracts caused an increase in the protein concentrations and reduced the protease activities regardless of the administration method. The protease inhibitor activities were decreased only in the group that received hemp extract on the strips. The biomarker activities (ALP, ALT, AST) increased from the control group and workers feeding extract in syrup and decreased in workers supplemented with the extract on strips. In young, 2-day-old workers, the glucose concentration was higher in the groups feeding with the extract than in the control. Hemp extract influenced an increase in urea concentrations in workers’ hemolymph in comparison with the control. The hemp supplementation positively influences the immune system of workers, and the appropriate method of administration may be adapted to the health problems of bees.

scholarly journals Clinical observations of bone marrow transfusion for promoting bone marrow reconstruction after chemotherapy for AIDS-related lymphoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixuan Liu ◽  
Suhong Xie ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Yanhui Si ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Autologous Bone Marrow ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Vein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Autologous Bone ◽  
Aids Related Lymphoma

Abstract Background This study investigates the effect of autologous bone marrow transfusion (BMT) on the reconstruction of both bone marrow and the immune system in patients with AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL). Methods A total of 32 patients with ARL participated in this study. Among them, 16 participants were treated with conventional surgery and chemotherapy (control group) and the remaining 16 patients were treated with chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transfusion via a mesenteric vein (8 patients, ABM-MVI group) or a peripheral vein (8 patients, ABM-PI group). Subsequently, peripheral blood and lymphocyte data subsets were detected and documented in all patients. Results Before chemotherapy, no significant difference in indicators was observed between three groups of ARL patients. Unexpectedly, 2 weeks after the end of 6 courses of chemotherapy, the ABM-MVI group, and the ABM-PI group yielded an increased level of CD8+T lymphocytes, white blood cells (WBC), and platelet (PLT) in peripheral blood in comparison to the control group. Notably, the number of CD4+T lymphocytes in the ABM-PI group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. Additionally, no significant difference in haemoglobin levels was observed before and after chemotherapy in both the ABM-MVI and ABM-PI groups, while haemoglobin levels in the control group decreased significantly following chemotherapy. Conclusions Autologous bone marrow transfusion after chemotherapy can promote the reconstruction of both bone marrow and the immune system. There was no significant difference in bone marrow recovery and reconstruction between the mesenteric vein transfusion group and the peripheral vein transfusion group.

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