INCIDENCE OF GROSS VISUAL DEFECTS DUE TO RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-245
Author(s):  
EDWARD R. SCHLESINGER ◽  
ISABEL MCCAFFREY
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
New York State ◽  
Birth Certificates ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Retrolental Fibroplasia ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Visual Defects ◽  
Period Of Gestation

A study was made of the incidence of gross visual impairment due to retrolental fibroplasia among infants born to residents of New York State, exclusive of New York City, in 1948 and 1949, whose birth certificates indicated birth weights of less than 2000 gm. and who survived to the age of 4 months. Information was obtained regarding 3377 infants or 92.1% of the 3667 in the group described. A total of 50 cases with gross visual defects due to retrolental fibroplasia, or an over-all incidence rate of 1.5%, was found. The incidence rates decreased from 15.9% in the birth weight group under 1000 gm. to 4.3% in 1000-1499 gm. group, and 0.7% in the 1500 to 1999 gm. group. The infants reported to have the shortest period of gestation were found to have the highest incidence, the rate in the group with a period of gestation under seven months being 7.6% as compared with a rate of 0.3% in the group whose gestation period was reported as eight months or more. Although the numbers are small and the measure of gestation as reported on the birth certificate is open to question, the incidence of the condition within each birth weight group was found to be inversely related to the length of gestation. In the 1000-1499 gm. birth weight group, for example, an incidence rate of 7.0% was found among the infants with recorded periods of gestation of less than seven months, as contrasted with a rate of 1.9% among those eight months or more. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of the condition in the group of infants for whom one or more major complications of the mother's pregnancy was reported when compared with the group of infants on whose birth certificates the statement appeared that no such complication occurred. Among infants weighing less than 1500 gm. at birth, a statistically significant variation in the incidence of the condition was found in different regions of the State. The incidence rate, adjusted for differences in weight distribution was found to be 1.7% in males and 1.2% in females. The incidence rate among infants born to mothers under 30 years of age was 1.3%, which is not significantly different from the rate of 1.9% among the infants born to mothers 30 years of age or more.

THE COMBINED EFFECT OF BIRTH WEIGHT AND LENGTH OF GESTATION ON NEONATAL MORTALITY AMONG SINGLE PREMATURE BIRTHS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-704
Author(s):  
Edward R. Schlesinger ◽  
Norman C. Allaway
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
New York State ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
York State ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Length Of Gestation

The combined effect of birth weight and length of gestation on mortality during the neonatal period was studied, using information obtained from birth and death certificates filed with the New York State Department of Health for births occurring during 1949, 1950, and 1951 in New York State, exclusive of New York City. The study covered 436,254 single live births over 20 weeks gestation for which data on both birth weight and length of gestation were available. Case fatality rates were determined by birth weight and gestation groups for the entire neonatal period and for 3 age intervals during the neonatal period. For the neonatal period as a whole a characteristic pattern is observed. Within each birth weight group 2500 gm. or less, longer gestation increases the chance of survival; within each gestation group 36 weeks or less, a higher birth weight has a similar effect. A typical example is the range in fatality rates for infants weighing 1001 to 1500 grams at birth. Within this birth weight group, the fatality rate ranges from 40 per cent in the gestation group of 36 weeks or over to 75 per cent in the 24 to 27 weeks gestation group. When fatality rates are computed for 3 successive age periods within the neonatal period, the combined effect of birth weight and gestation produces a characteristic pattern of fatality which is found to be most clearly defined during the first day after birth. However, a similar pattern of fatality is found to exist as well in the age periods from 1 through 6 days and for the remainder of the neonatal period.

PaO2 Levels and Retrolental Fibroplasia: A Report of the Cooperative Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Everett Kinsey ◽  
Harvey J. Arnold ◽  
Robert E. Kalina ◽  
Leo Stern ◽  
Mildred Stahlman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Retrolental Fibroplasia ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multivariate Technique ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Intermittent Sampling

The relation between PaO2 and retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) was studied prospectively in 719 premature infants born in or treated in the intensive care units of a group of university hospitals. Blood gas studies were performed on 589 of these infants, 66 of whom had a diagnosis of RLF; in 27 of these 66, some grade of mostly nonblinding cicatricial disease developed. The frequency of RLF was highest among infants of lowest birth weight. A multivariate statistical method was used to analyze simultaneously the effect of possible etiologic factors associated with RLF. The occurrence of RLF was found to be unrelated to PaO2, as determined by the limited information available from intermittent sampling. RLF is associated with concentration of oxygen administered in the lightest birth weight group, but the strongest association, aside from birth weight, was with time in oxygen. None of the other variables involving blood chemical values appeared to be associated with RLF. The severity of cicatricial RLF is clearly greater in infants weighing less than 1,200 g at birth. Conservative administration of oxygen may have been responsible for failure to demonstrate quantitative association between Pao2 levels and disease. Agreement between the observed and predicted numbers of infants with RLF demonstrates the strength of the multivariate technique employed in making the statistical analyses.

scholarly journals The effects of intrauterine undernutrition on pancreas ghrelin and insulin expression in neonate rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiumin Wang ◽  
Li Liang ◽  
Lizhong Du
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Total Ghrelin ◽  
Intrauterine Malnutrition

Ghrelin has a correlation with insulin secretion, β-cell development, and diabetes in crucial development period. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in plasma ghrelin, insulin, and glucose concentrations, and variation of ghrelin expression in the pancreas in response to intrauterine malnutrition in newborn rats. Pregnant rats at day 2 were randomly divided into two groups: nourished (fed ad libitum; NR) and undernourished rats (UR). The offspring of NR were defined as normal-birth-weight group (NBW, n = 79) and those of UR were defined as low-birth-weight group (LBW, n = 74). Plasma glucose, ghrelin, and serum insulin of both dams and their pups were analyzed at the first day after birth. The entire pancreas was collected for determination of ghrelin and insulin mRNAs, and quantification of pancreas ghrelin and insulin. Immunohistochemical double staining and confocal microscopy were performed on rat pancreas. Birth weight was 5.81 ± 0.64 and 4.76 ± 0.23 g in NBW group and LBW group respectively. Fasting plasma ghrelin concentrations in UR group (1382 (1287–1513) pg/ml) were higher than that of NR group (1072 (974–1205) pg/ml). Plasma ghrelin concentrations in the LBW group (2176 (2031–2384) pg/ml) were significantly lower than that of the NBW group (2493 (2311–2675) pg/ml). Undernutrition caused a decrease in plasma insulin concentrations in both UR dams and LBW pups (P < 0.001). Ghrelin mRNA and total ghrelin of pancreas were significantly affected by intrauterine nutrition state. Pancreas insulin concentrations were significantly affected by intrauterine nutrition (P = 0.007). The majority of ghrelin-producing cells were present at the periphery of islets in the NBW group. Ghrelin was colocalized with insulin in ß-cells in LBW group. The percentage of ghrelin-positive cells in the islets of LBW group was significantly higher than that of the NBW group (P < 0.01). Intrauterine undernutrition may affect the birth weight, plasma insulin and ghrelin levels, islet ghrelin expression, and ghrelin cell distribution. It will be interesting to investigate intrauterine nutrition which is involved in islet ghrelin expression and ghrelin cell distribution.

scholarly journals Investigation of Metronidazole Use during Pregnancy and Adverse Birth Outcomes

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 4800-4805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Koss ◽  
Dana C. Baras ◽  
Sandra D. Lane ◽  
Richard Aubry ◽  
Michele Marcus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
New York State ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

ABSTRACTTo assess whether treatment with metronidazole during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, or major congenital anomalies, we conducted chart reviews and an analysis of electronic data from a cohort of women delivering at an urban New York State hospital. Of 2,829 singleton/mother pairs, 922 (32.6%) mothers were treated with metronidazole for clinical indications, 348 (12.3%) during the first trimester of pregnancy and 553 (19.5%) in the second or third trimester. There were 333 (11.8%) preterm births, 262 (9.3%) infants of low birth weight, and 52 infants (1.8%) with congenital anomalies. In multivariable analysis, no association was found between metronidazole treatment and preterm birth (odds ratio [OR], 1.02 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.32]), low birth weight (OR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.77 to 1.43]), or treatment in the first trimester and congenital anomalies (OR, 0.86 [0.30 to 2.45]). We found no association between metronidazole treatment during the first or later trimesters of pregnancy and preterm birth, low birth weight, or congenital anomalies.

scholarly journals Clinical profile of newborns undergoing physical therapy in a neonatal intensive care unit

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Ferreira Biazus ◽  
Cidia Cristina Kupke
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation

Abstract Introduction: In neonatal therapy units, physical therapy is directed toward integral baby care. Objective: To describe the profile of newborns (NBs) hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods: Retrospective documentary study with data collection from medical records from July 2011 to July 2013. The sample consisted of NBs who performed motor and respiratory therapy. Data were grouped into five categories according to birth weight (≤ 1000g, 1001-1500g, 1501-2000g, 2001-2500g, ≥ 2501g). Results: total of 1,884 newborns were admitted to the NICU within the stipulated period, 168 (13.9%) underwent physical therapy. Of the 168 NBs who underwent physical therapy, 137 were born in the hospital (81.5%) and 31 were transferred there (18.5%); 17 of these babies died during the neonatal hospital stay (10.1%). All newborns of the extremely low birth weight group (≤ 1000g) required mechanical ventilation, 72.7% non-invasive ventilation and 16.6% high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. The occurrence of pneumothorax in the extremely low birth weight group was 13.8% and 16% in the group with birth weight 1001-1500g. Conclusion: Infants with low birth weight (<2500g) constituted the profile of NBs who underwent physical therapy, which was directly related to higher incidence of death and pneumothorax, as well as increased use of mechanical and non-invasive ventilation.

Health Codes for Newborn Care

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Salvatore J. Caravella ◽  
David A. Clark ◽  
Harry S. Dweck
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
New York State ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Birth Certificates ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Umbilical Cord Care ◽  
Metabolic Screening

A survey was conducted of the health departments in each of the 50 states, Washington, DC, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to determine the present legal mandates for newborn care. Each of the 52 health departments were queried regarding birth certificates, identification procedures, prophylactic eye care, umbilical cord care, use of vitamin K, Apgar scoring, and metabolic screening. In each category, the departments were asked whether the procedures were mandatory or optional. Birth certificates are uniformly required within the health codes of all states. Although in-hospital identification of newborns is required in most states, four states specifically require arm banding, and only New York State requires footprinting. Eye prophylaxis with silver nitrate is required in 49 states, with erythromycin or tetracycline allowed as topical alternatives in 42 states. Clamping of the umbilical cord is addressed by eight states. Parenteral vitamin K administration is mandated by only five states. Apgar scoring is addressed by 25 states. Newborn metabolic screening is available in every health department, although significant variations exist in the tests available.

A FIELD STUDY OF RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA IN MARYLAND

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
HILDEGARD I. M. ROTHMUND ◽  
ROWLAND V. RIDER ◽  
PAUL HARPER
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Retrolental Fibroplasia ◽  
Similar Report ◽  
Residual Lesions ◽  
Incubator Care

A field study of prematures born in Maryland in 1952 showed that 5.5% of infants with a birth weight under 2000 grams had residual lesions of retrolental fibroplasia. This was almost four times the incidence in the only other similar report in the literature. Approximately half of the cases identified possessed some useful vision in the better eye. The incidence of residual lesions within each weight group was highest in those infants with the shortest periods of gestation. The disease was two to three times more frequent in babies cared for in the five top ranking hospitals than in the other 41 hospitals, and there was a direct relationship between the proportion of infants with residual lesions and the length of incubator care.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING, MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-508
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
New York State ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Retrolental Fibroplasia ◽  
State Laws ◽  
York State ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
Health Nursing

APPEARANCE of "new diseases" is a phenomenon well known to observing pediatricians. When a new disease is first reported, there is often some doubt as to whether it is a separate entity, then a certain amount of hesitation while the definition and characteristics of the disease are being investigated, and finally a rush of increased diagnoses as the disease becomes more "popular" or is better understood. Very often therapy awaits elucidation of etiology, and, of course, therapy is not always successful. The problem of retrolental fibroplasia has constituted an interesting case in point which, while it has not followed all of the characteristics noted above, has certainly approached them. A recently published analysis of "The Rise and Fall of Retrolental Fibroplasia in New York State—A Preliminary Report" by Yankauer, Jacobziner, and Schneider (New York State J. Med., 56:1474, May 1, 1956), reviews in striking fashion the progress of the disease. In contrast to many reports of disease incidence, the paper from New York State is a model of care and precision. The authors point out that diagnosis and follow-up of this condition in New York State are encouraged by state laws regarding the care of the blind, as well as by the special programs for premature infants, which have been promoted by both the city and the state health departments. Furthermore, the reports on the disease have been carefully investigated and the fact of "popularity" mitigated by studying both the time at which the disease is reported in relation to the age of the child, and the evidence for confirmation of the diagnosis.

Severity of Cerebral Palsy—The Impact of Associated Impairments

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronka Horber ◽  
Asma Fares ◽  
Mary Jane Platt ◽  
Catherine Arnaud ◽  
Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Intellectual Impairment ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective This article describes associated impairments in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and its subtypes. Method Children born between 1990 and 2006 recorded in the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe common database were studied. An “impairment index” characterized severity of impairments and their combinations. Results Amongst the 11,015 children analyzed, 56% (n = 5,968) could walk unaided, 54% (4,972) had normal or near-normal intellect (intelligence quotient ≥ 70). Except for ataxic CP, associated impairments were less frequent when walking ability was preserved. The impairment index was low (walking unaided and normal or near-normal intellect) in 30% of cases; 54% (n = 1,637) in unilateral spastic, 24% (n = 79) in ataxic, 18% (n = 913) in bilateral spastic, and 7% (n = 50) in dyskinetic CP. Around 40% had a high impairment index (inability to walk and/or severe intellectual impairment ± additional impairments)—highest in dyskinetic (77%, n = 549) and bilateral spastic CP (54%, n = 2,680). The impairment index varied little in birth weight and gestational age groups. However, significantly fewer cases in the birth weight group ≤ 1,000 g or gestational age group ≤ 27 weeks had a low impairment index compared to the other birth weight and gestational age groups (23 and 24% vs. between 27 and 32%). Conclusion Thirty percent of the children with CP had a low impairment index (they were able to walk unaided and had a normal or near-normal intellect). Severity in CP was strongly associated to subtype, whereas the association was weak with birth weight or gestational age.

scholarly journals Pattern of newborn babies delivered by cesarean section

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Guslihan D Tjipta ◽  
Riza I Nasution ◽  
Dachrul Aldy ◽  
Zakaria Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Prolonged Labor ◽  
General Physical

Background The birth rate in Indonesia is still high and abnormallabor constitutes 15% of all deliveries which needs cesarean sec-tion as a solution for complicated cases.Objectives To find the general physical condition of babies bornafter cesarean section as well as the characteristics of motherswho underwent cesarean section.Methods A retrospective study on newborn babies delivered bycesarean section conducted in Subdivision of Neonatology, Medi-cal School, University of North Sumatera-Pirngadi Hospital Medan,in period of 2 years (1991-1992).Results There were 8762 babies born during the study period,1484 babies (16.93%) delivered by cesarean section due to pla-centa previa (26.2%), prolonged labor (15.8%), cephalopelvic dis-proportion (10.3%), neglected labor (9.9%), eclampsia/preeclamp-sia (8.1%), fetal distress (7.5%), previous section (6.6%), breechpresentation (5.7%), solutio placenta (4.0%), and others (5.9%). Itwas shown that mothers undergoing caesarean section was mainly20-30 years old (66.4%), multigravida (47.8%), term gestationalage (79.4%), and minimal antenatal care (61.3%). There were 1224(82.5%) babies with birth weight >2500 grams and 894 (60.2%)suffered from asphyxia.Conclusions The evidence of asphyxia by cesarean section andlow birth weight group was significantly different from those nor-mally delivered (p<0.001). The mortality rate was 11.5% due tostill birth 29.2%, RDS 18.3%, sepsis 15.5%, pneumonia 12.3%,and gastroenteritis 11.5%

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