scholarly journals The effects of intrauterine undernutrition on pancreas ghrelin and insulin expression in neonate rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiumin Wang ◽  
Li Liang ◽  
Lizhong Du
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Total Ghrelin ◽  
Intrauterine Malnutrition

Ghrelin has a correlation with insulin secretion, β-cell development, and diabetes in crucial development period. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in plasma ghrelin, insulin, and glucose concentrations, and variation of ghrelin expression in the pancreas in response to intrauterine malnutrition in newborn rats. Pregnant rats at day 2 were randomly divided into two groups: nourished (fed ad libitum; NR) and undernourished rats (UR). The offspring of NR were defined as normal-birth-weight group (NBW, n = 79) and those of UR were defined as low-birth-weight group (LBW, n = 74). Plasma glucose, ghrelin, and serum insulin of both dams and their pups were analyzed at the first day after birth. The entire pancreas was collected for determination of ghrelin and insulin mRNAs, and quantification of pancreas ghrelin and insulin. Immunohistochemical double staining and confocal microscopy were performed on rat pancreas. Birth weight was 5.81 ± 0.64 and 4.76 ± 0.23 g in NBW group and LBW group respectively. Fasting plasma ghrelin concentrations in UR group (1382 (1287–1513) pg/ml) were higher than that of NR group (1072 (974–1205) pg/ml). Plasma ghrelin concentrations in the LBW group (2176 (2031–2384) pg/ml) were significantly lower than that of the NBW group (2493 (2311–2675) pg/ml). Undernutrition caused a decrease in plasma insulin concentrations in both UR dams and LBW pups (P < 0.001). Ghrelin mRNA and total ghrelin of pancreas were significantly affected by intrauterine nutrition state. Pancreas insulin concentrations were significantly affected by intrauterine nutrition (P = 0.007). The majority of ghrelin-producing cells were present at the periphery of islets in the NBW group. Ghrelin was colocalized with insulin in ß-cells in LBW group. The percentage of ghrelin-positive cells in the islets of LBW group was significantly higher than that of the NBW group (P < 0.01). Intrauterine undernutrition may affect the birth weight, plasma insulin and ghrelin levels, islet ghrelin expression, and ghrelin cell distribution. It will be interesting to investigate intrauterine nutrition which is involved in islet ghrelin expression and ghrelin cell distribution.

scholarly journals The craniofacial anthropometric measurement in a population of normal newborns of Kolkata

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anasuya Ghosh ◽  
C Manjari ◽  
S Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Corrective Surgery ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies

Background: The anthropometric measurement of the craniofacial region plays an important role in the evaluation of the newborn with dysmorphic features and their corrective surgery. This study was undertaken to establish a baseline craniofacial dataset for the newborn population of Kolkata where it is still lacking. Methods: In this study, we obtained the measurement of 6 distinct parameters (length of nose, height of nose, width of columella, length of philtrum, width of philtrum, oral commissural distance) of craniofacial region of 1860 healthy newborns (both male & female). Their body weight was recorded. We compared the values in both sexes and also in normal & low birth weight babies. Results: Our study shows statistically significant higher values in all parameters except oral commissural distance among male than female newborn. It again results statistically significant higher values of length of nose, length of philtrum and oral commissural distance in normal birth weight newborns than the low birth weight group in both sexes. Conclusion: We here present a set of reference value for the newborn population (both normal & low birth weight) of East India (Kolkata). Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 125-129 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8955

scholarly journals Normal Insulin-Stimulated Endothelial Function and Impaired Insulin-Stimulated Muscle Glucose Uptake in Young Adults with Low Birth Weight

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 1252-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Hermann ◽  
C. Rask-Madsen ◽  
N. Ihlemann ◽  
H. Domínguez ◽  
C. B. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Impaired Insulin

Low birth weight has been linked to insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that insulin sensitivity of both muscle and vascular tissues were impaired in young men with low birth weight. Blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography during dose-response studies of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside in the forearm of fourteen 21-yr-old men with low birth weight and 16 controls of normal birth weight. Glucose uptake was measured during intraarterial insulin infusion. Dose-response studies were repeated during insulin infusion. The maximal blood flow during acetylcholine infusion was 14.1 ± 2.7 and 14.4 ± 2.1 [ml × (100 ml forearm)−1 × min−1] in low and normal birth weight subjects, respectively. Insulin coinfusion increased acetylcholine-stimulated flow in both groups: 18.0 ± 3.1 vs. 17.9 ± 3.1 [ml × (100 ml forearm)−1 × min−1], NS. Insulin infusion increased glucose uptake significantly in the normal birth weight group, compared with the low birth weight group: 0.40 ± 0.09 to 1.00 ± 0.16 vs. 0.44 ± 0.09 to 0.59 ± 0.1 [μmol glucose × (100 ml forearm)−1 × min−1], P = 0.04. Young men with low birth weight have normal insulin-stimulated endothelial function and impaired insulin-stimulated forearm glucose uptake. Thus, endothelial dysfunction does not necessarily coexist with metabolic alterations in subjects with low birth weight.

scholarly journals Clinical profile of newborns undergoing physical therapy in a neonatal intensive care unit

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Ferreira Biazus ◽  
Cidia Cristina Kupke
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation

Abstract Introduction: In neonatal therapy units, physical therapy is directed toward integral baby care. Objective: To describe the profile of newborns (NBs) hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods: Retrospective documentary study with data collection from medical records from July 2011 to July 2013. The sample consisted of NBs who performed motor and respiratory therapy. Data were grouped into five categories according to birth weight (≤ 1000g, 1001-1500g, 1501-2000g, 2001-2500g, ≥ 2501g). Results: total of 1,884 newborns were admitted to the NICU within the stipulated period, 168 (13.9%) underwent physical therapy. Of the 168 NBs who underwent physical therapy, 137 were born in the hospital (81.5%) and 31 were transferred there (18.5%); 17 of these babies died during the neonatal hospital stay (10.1%). All newborns of the extremely low birth weight group (≤ 1000g) required mechanical ventilation, 72.7% non-invasive ventilation and 16.6% high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. The occurrence of pneumothorax in the extremely low birth weight group was 13.8% and 16% in the group with birth weight 1001-1500g. Conclusion: Infants with low birth weight (<2500g) constituted the profile of NBs who underwent physical therapy, which was directly related to higher incidence of death and pneumothorax, as well as increased use of mechanical and non-invasive ventilation.

INCIDENCE OF GROSS VISUAL DEFECTS DUE TO RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-245
Author(s):  
EDWARD R. SCHLESINGER ◽  
ISABEL MCCAFFREY
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
New York State ◽  
Birth Certificates ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Retrolental Fibroplasia ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Visual Defects ◽  
Period Of Gestation

A study was made of the incidence of gross visual impairment due to retrolental fibroplasia among infants born to residents of New York State, exclusive of New York City, in 1948 and 1949, whose birth certificates indicated birth weights of less than 2000 gm. and who survived to the age of 4 months. Information was obtained regarding 3377 infants or 92.1% of the 3667 in the group described. A total of 50 cases with gross visual defects due to retrolental fibroplasia, or an over-all incidence rate of 1.5%, was found. The incidence rates decreased from 15.9% in the birth weight group under 1000 gm. to 4.3% in 1000-1499 gm. group, and 0.7% in the 1500 to 1999 gm. group. The infants reported to have the shortest period of gestation were found to have the highest incidence, the rate in the group with a period of gestation under seven months being 7.6% as compared with a rate of 0.3% in the group whose gestation period was reported as eight months or more. Although the numbers are small and the measure of gestation as reported on the birth certificate is open to question, the incidence of the condition within each birth weight group was found to be inversely related to the length of gestation. In the 1000-1499 gm. birth weight group, for example, an incidence rate of 7.0% was found among the infants with recorded periods of gestation of less than seven months, as contrasted with a rate of 1.9% among those eight months or more. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of the condition in the group of infants for whom one or more major complications of the mother's pregnancy was reported when compared with the group of infants on whose birth certificates the statement appeared that no such complication occurred. Among infants weighing less than 1500 gm. at birth, a statistically significant variation in the incidence of the condition was found in different regions of the State. The incidence rate, adjusted for differences in weight distribution was found to be 1.7% in males and 1.2% in females. The incidence rate among infants born to mothers under 30 years of age was 1.3%, which is not significantly different from the rate of 1.9% among the infants born to mothers 30 years of age or more.

Severity of Cerebral Palsy—The Impact of Associated Impairments

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronka Horber ◽  
Asma Fares ◽  
Mary Jane Platt ◽  
Catherine Arnaud ◽  
Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Intellectual Impairment ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective This article describes associated impairments in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and its subtypes. Method Children born between 1990 and 2006 recorded in the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe common database were studied. An “impairment index” characterized severity of impairments and their combinations. Results Amongst the 11,015 children analyzed, 56% (n = 5,968) could walk unaided, 54% (4,972) had normal or near-normal intellect (intelligence quotient ≥ 70). Except for ataxic CP, associated impairments were less frequent when walking ability was preserved. The impairment index was low (walking unaided and normal or near-normal intellect) in 30% of cases; 54% (n = 1,637) in unilateral spastic, 24% (n = 79) in ataxic, 18% (n = 913) in bilateral spastic, and 7% (n = 50) in dyskinetic CP. Around 40% had a high impairment index (inability to walk and/or severe intellectual impairment ± additional impairments)—highest in dyskinetic (77%, n = 549) and bilateral spastic CP (54%, n = 2,680). The impairment index varied little in birth weight and gestational age groups. However, significantly fewer cases in the birth weight group ≤ 1,000 g or gestational age group ≤ 27 weeks had a low impairment index compared to the other birth weight and gestational age groups (23 and 24% vs. between 27 and 32%). Conclusion Thirty percent of the children with CP had a low impairment index (they were able to walk unaided and had a normal or near-normal intellect). Severity in CP was strongly associated to subtype, whereas the association was weak with birth weight or gestational age.

scholarly journals Pattern of newborn babies delivered by cesarean section

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Guslihan D Tjipta ◽  
Riza I Nasution ◽  
Dachrul Aldy ◽  
Zakaria Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Prolonged Labor ◽  
General Physical

Background The birth rate in Indonesia is still high and abnormallabor constitutes 15% of all deliveries which needs cesarean sec-tion as a solution for complicated cases.Objectives To find the general physical condition of babies bornafter cesarean section as well as the characteristics of motherswho underwent cesarean section.Methods A retrospective study on newborn babies delivered bycesarean section conducted in Subdivision of Neonatology, Medi-cal School, University of North Sumatera-Pirngadi Hospital Medan,in period of 2 years (1991-1992).Results There were 8762 babies born during the study period,1484 babies (16.93%) delivered by cesarean section due to pla-centa previa (26.2%), prolonged labor (15.8%), cephalopelvic dis-proportion (10.3%), neglected labor (9.9%), eclampsia/preeclamp-sia (8.1%), fetal distress (7.5%), previous section (6.6%), breechpresentation (5.7%), solutio placenta (4.0%), and others (5.9%). Itwas shown that mothers undergoing caesarean section was mainly20-30 years old (66.4%), multigravida (47.8%), term gestationalage (79.4%), and minimal antenatal care (61.3%). There were 1224(82.5%) babies with birth weight >2500 grams and 894 (60.2%)suffered from asphyxia.Conclusions The evidence of asphyxia by cesarean section andlow birth weight group was significantly different from those nor-mally delivered (p<0.001). The mortality rate was 11.5% due tostill birth 29.2%, RDS 18.3%, sepsis 15.5%, pneumonia 12.3%,and gastroenteritis 11.5%

scholarly journals Prevalence of urinary tract infection in 2-8-week-old infants with jaundice

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Partini Trihono ◽  
Arfianti Chandra Dewi ◽  
Hartono Gunardi ◽  
Hanifah Oswari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indirect Bilirubin ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Urinary tract infections (UTI) in infants may manifest in various ways and often appear without symptoms. Previous studies have reported that j aundice has been observed in infants aged less than 8 weeks 'With UTIs. However, a prospective study on the prevalence of UTI in infants with jaundice aged 2􀁂8weeks is warranted in order to improve diagnosing capability and provide prompt treatment.Objective To investigate the prevalence and profiles of UTI in infants with jaundice aged 2􀁂8 weeks.Methods This cross􀁂sectional study was carried out in June-December 2011 in infants with jaundice aged 2􀁂8 weeks. Subjects were patients from the Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMS), as well as the Pediatric Polyclinics ofBudi Kemuliaan and Thamrin Hospitals. All subjects underwent total, direct and indirect bilirubin examinations, urinalyses and urine cultures.Results Of the 110 subjects recruited, the prevalence of UTI was 18.2%. More boys than girls had UTIs (13 boys, 7 girls). The microorganisms found in subjects v.ith UTIs were Escherichia coli (10/20), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8/20), and Enterobacter aerogenes (2120). Indirect hyperbilirubinemia was found in 5/20 subjects. There were more subjects with UTIs in the non􀁂exclusively breastfed (8/20) and non􀁂breastfed (8/20) groups than in the exclusively breastfed group (4/20), the full term gestational age (GA) group (17/20) than the pretenn GA group (3/20), and the normal birth weight group (15/20) than the low birth weight group (5/20). The median age of jaundice onset was 3.5 days (range lAO days), and the median duration of jaundice was 13.5 days (range 3-56 days).Conclusion The prevalence of UTI in infants aged 2􀁂8 weeks v.ith jaundice was 18.2%. More boys than girls had UTIs. The most common infecting microorganism found in our subjects was Escherichia coli. In daily medical practice, infants with prolonged jaundice of more than 2 weeks should be tested byurin alysis and urine cultures for the presence of UTIs. [Paediatr Indones.2012;52:304-8].

The Growth and Development of the Prematurely Born Infant

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-805
Author(s):  
MARGARET DANN
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Full Term ◽  
School Age ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Born Infant

This is a clear, well-organized account of a longitudinal study of several hundred prematurely born and full-term children, born in Edinburgh in 1952 and 1953. Starting with 595 children, 251 singletons weighing 5 lb 8 oz or less at birth, 119 full-term singletons as controls and 225 twins of all birth weights, Dr. Drillien was able to follow nearly 90 percent to school age. Besides the main survey group, she added a supplementary group of children of very low birth weight (3 lb or less) born between 1948 and 1960; in all, 110 children in this birth weight group were traced, and 72 followed to school age.

scholarly journals Identification of Growth Patterns in Low Birth Weight Infants from Birth to 5 Years of Age: Nationwide Korean Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
So Jin Yoon ◽  
Joohee Lim ◽  
Jung Ho Han ◽  
Jeong Eun Shin ◽  
Soon Min Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Birth Weight Group

This study aimed to investigate the nationwide growth pattern of infants in Korea according to the birth-weight group and to analyze the effect of growth on development. A total of 430,541 infants, born in 2013 and who received the infant health check-up regularly from 6 months to 60 months of age, were included. The weight, height, head circumferences percentiles, and neurodevelopment using screening tests results were compared among the birth-weight groups. Using longitudinal analysis, the study found a significant difference in height, weight, and head circumference, respectively, according to age at health check-up, birth weight group, and combination of age and birth weight (p < 0.001). The growth parameters at 60 months of age showed a significant correlation with those at 6 months of age especially in extremely low birth weight infants. The incidence of suspected developmental delay was significantly higher in infants with growth below the 10th percentiles than in those with growth above the 10th percentiles. Among 4571 (1.6%) infants with suspected developmental delay results at 60 months of age, birth weight, sex, and poor growth parameters were confirmed as associated factors. This nationwide Korean study shows that poor growth and neurodevelopment outcomes persisted among low-birth-weight infants at 60 months of age. Our findings provide guidance for developing a nationwide follow-up program for infants with perinatal risk factors in Korea.

Letter to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-517
Author(s):  
Harry S. Dweck ◽  
George Cassady
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Group 3

Dr. Klein is correct in suggesting that stress may be one of the causes of hyperglycemia in this birth weight group. His data are supportive of the possible role of stress or sepsis, as alluded to in our discussion.1 It is difficult, however, to describe these babies as nonstressed. In our series, the mortality rate of the group reported was 78% and of the 40 babies with recorded Apgar scores, all but nine (five from group 3) had one-minute Apgars of 6 or less.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document