RESPONSES TO INFUSED METHACHOLINE IN FAMILIAL DYSAUTONOMIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Alfred A. Smith ◽  
Jacob I. Hirsch ◽  
Joseph Dancis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Familial Dysautonomia ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simple Hypothesis ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Parasympathetic Function

Methacholine was infused into six control subjects and into five patients with familial dysautonomia. In the control group blood pressures were well maintained and a tachycardia was observed. In contrast, the blood pressures among the dysautonomic subjects usually fell and the heart rate did not increase. Parasympathetic responses such as tearing and coughing were far more marked and occurred in the dysautonomic at dosages lower than in the normal. In two cases the knee jerks, characteristically missing in dysautonomia were temporarily restored. Increased pain and normal axon flares in response to intradermal histamine were observed in two other patients indicating an improvement in sensory function. The enhanced responses to infused methacholine in dysautonomia suggest an insufficiency of parasympathetic function with effector supersensitivity. The basis for the improvement in sensory function is unknown. The simplest explanation of the observations is a deficiency in neurohumoral transmission. However, an objection to the quick acceptance of this simple hypothesis is also presented.

The Effect of Postprandial Hypotension on Rehabilitation of the Frail Elderly with Cerebrovascular Disease

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A Farnsworth ◽  
D Heseltine
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Postprandial Hypotension ◽  
Erect Position ◽  
Blood Pressures

A total of 15 elderly patients recovering from stroke were included in a random, observer-blind, crossover trial to investigate the effects of postprandial cardiovascular changes. Exercise capability, sitting and erect blood pressure and heart rate were recorded pre- and postprandially; a control group received water only. Exercise capability decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) in the control group, but not in the test group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the erect position post-exercise were significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced in the test group 15 min after eating; in the control group there was no significant change. A significant ( P < 0.05) increase in heart rate in the erect position was seen postprandially in the test group after exercise, but not in the control group. All other changes recorded did not reach statistical significance. No reduction in exercise capability occurred in patients exhibiting postprandial hypotension after food, as simultaneous increases in heart rate probably resulted in output being maintained.

Response to dynamic exercise in cardiac transplant recipients: implications for control of the sodium regulatory hormone atrial natriuretic peptide

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. J. Singer ◽  
N. R. Banner ◽  
A. Cox ◽  
N. Patel ◽  
M. Burdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiac Transplant ◽  
Cardiac Innervation ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Plasma Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

1. To study the importance of cardiac innervation in the regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels were measured during symptom-limited, graded exercise on a cycle ergometer in seven male orthotopic cardiac transplant recipients. 2. Resting plasma atrial natriuretic peptide was significantly higher in the transplant recipients than in two control groups, one matched to the transplant recipients (group 1) and the other to the age of the donor heart (group II). 3. The response to exercise of the cardiac transplant recipients was compared with the response of control group II. Mean maximal work load achieved with exercise was around 40% lower in the cardiac transplant recipients. During exercise, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels increased in both the cardiac transplant recipients and the control subjects. The increase in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide with exercise was greater in absolute, but less in percentage, terms in transplant recipients than in the control subjects. 4. The increase in mean arterial pressure with exercise was similar in patients and in control subjects; however, heart rate increased in the patients by only 33% compared with a rise of 151% in the control group. 5. These results provide insight into the control of the sodium regulatory hormone atrial natriuretic peptide. First, factors other than a change in heart rate appear of importance in the regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide. Secondly, these findings suggest that cardiac innervation is not of dominant importance in the modulation of atrial natriuretic peptide secretion.

scholarly journals ECG INTERPRETATION AMONG COVID-19 PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmia ◽  
Qt Prolongation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Surface Ecg ◽  
Malignant Arrhythmia ◽  
Ecg Interpretation

Background: The goal was to use surface electrocardiographic (ECG) indicators to detect COVID-19's malignant arrhythmic potential. Methodology: In 51 COVID-19 patients and 40 control subjects, the ECG parameters PR, QT, QTc, QTd, TPe, and Tpe/QTc were assessed. COVID-19 patients had substantially higher mean QTc (410.8 24.3 msec vs. 394.6 20.3 msec, p.001), Tpe/QTc (0.19 0.02 vs. 0.18 0.04, p =.036), and median QTd (47.52 vs. 46.5) values than the control group. Troponin levels were linked with heart rate (r = 0.387, p =.006) but not with ECG parameters (r = 0.387, p =.006). Conclusion: In Covid19 patients, several ventricular arrhythmia surface ECG predictors, such as QTc, QTd, and Tpe/QTc, are elevated. Because drugs used in COVID-19 patients have the potential to impact these parameters. Keywords: Malignant arrhythmia, COVID-19, QT prolongation ECG.

scholarly journals Heart rate variability is significantly reduced in non-diabetic patients with hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (22) ◽  
pp. 865-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Nagy ◽  
Evelin Sipos ◽  
Taha El Hadj Othmane
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Co Morbidity

Introductions: Heart rate variability is reduced among patients with hypertension or those with diabetes mellitus. Hypertension and diabetes show frequent co-morbidity, but it is still not entirely clear whether heart arte variability is reduced in non-diabetic patients with hypertension. Aim: The aim of the authors was to evaluate the heart rate variability in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes and in control subjects. Method: 130 patients with hypertension, 48 patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 87 control subjects were involved in the study. Minimum, mean and maximum heart rate, and parameters of heart rate variability were measured. Results: The mean of minimum heart rate did not differ significantly between the three groups. However, all other parameters were significantly reduced in patients with hypertension with and without diabetes as compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed between hypertensive patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Heart rate variability is significantly reduced in non-diabetic patients with hypertension. It seems that type 2 diabetes results in no further significant reduction of heart rate variability in patients with hypertension. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(22), 865–870.

Casual, Basal and Supplemental Blood Pressures in 519 First-Degree Relatives of Substantial Hypertensive Patients and in 350 Population Controls

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 13s-17s ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Horace Smirk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Basal Pressure ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Basal Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean

1. The casual blood pressure is the sum of the relatively stable basal pressure taken under defined conditions of rest and the labile supplemental pressure (casual minus basal), which represents the response to the current degree of physical, mental and probably metabolic stimulation. 2. The basal and supplemental blood pressures behave differently and it seems likely that different factors are involved in their pathogenesis. 3. The 5 and 8 years follow-up mortality is closely related to the basal pressure but not to the supplemental pressure. 4. The rise with age in the basal blood pressure is greater in the relatives of substantial hypertensive patients than in population control subjects. 5. Above the age group 30–39 years there is an increase in the rate of rise of the mean basal blood pressure with age among the first-degree relatives of hypertensive patients. In a population control group an acceleration in the rate of rise of the mean basal blood pressure with age also occurs but a decade or more later than in the relatives of hypertensive patients. 6. In males the mean supplemental pressures (systolic and diastolic) do not rise appreciably with age and the mean supplemental pressures of first-degree relatives and control subjects do not differ appreciably. 7. In females the mean supplemental pressures rise with age but, except after age 60 years, the pressure rise in first-degree relatives is only a little greater than in control subjects. 8. When hypertensive patients with similar casual blood pressures are compared the basal blood pressures are higher in patients with glomerulonephritis than in essential hypertensive patients. 9. In the first-degree relatives of substantial hypertensive patients high-ranking basal blood pressures occur much more frequently than in general population control subjects. 10. The close resemblance of the blood pressures in like twins indicates that genetic or familial factors have an important influence on blood pressure, and on the occurrence of frank hypertension.

Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 864-872
Author(s):  
Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽  
Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Renata Mancopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽  
Susanne Wiesch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Being There ◽  
To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

The Predictive Role of Biochemical Plasma Factors in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1754-1757
Author(s):  
Marius Toma Papacocea ◽  
Ioana Anca Badarau ◽  
Mugurel Radoi ◽  
Ioana Raluca Papacocea
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) represent a high impact public health problem due to a high rate of death , long term disability and occurrence especially in young adults. Despite several promising animal studies, several parameters were proposed as biological markers and were assessed for this aim. Our study proposes the study of the early biochemical changes in association to hematological parameters for severe TBI patients prognosis. 43 patients with acute TBI were included in study based on clinical, laboratory and imagistic findings. The severity of the TBI was established by Glasgow Coma Scale GCS 3-8. In all patients were evaluated hematologic parameters (Red blood cell count - RBC, Hematocrit, blood Hemoglobin, White blood cell - WBC, Platelet count and biochemical parameters (glucose, urea, creatinine, electrolytes). Outcome was expressed as Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), between 1-5. Values were compared to control group -15 cases. Significant early differences in body temperature, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure were observed in TBI group versus control (p[0.05). After correlation, laboratory findings significantly associated to severe outcome - GOS = 1, 2 - (p[0.05) were plasma Na decrease and significant glucose increase. An early increase of temperature and decrease of Na may predict a severe outcome in patients with acute TBI; association with shifts in heart rate and blood pressure, imposes aggressive treatment measures.

Relationship between Invasive and Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Measures in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Vicente Benavides-Córdoba ◽  
Mauricio Palacios Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Non Invasive

Introduction: Animal models have been used to understand the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension, to describe the mechanisms of action and to evaluate promising active ingredients. The monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension model is the most used animal model. In this model, invasive and non-invasive hemodynamic variables that resemble human measurements have been used. Aim: To define if non-invasive variables can predict hemodynamic measures in the monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension model. Materials and Methods: Twenty 6-week old male Wistar rats weighing between 250-300g from the bioterium of the Universidad del Valle (Cali - Colombia) were used in order to establish that the relationships between invasive and non-invasive variables are sustained in different conditions (healthy, hypertrophy and treated). The animals were organized into three groups, a control group who was given 0.9% saline solution subcutaneously (sc), a group with pulmonary hypertension induced with a single subcutaneous dose of Monocrotaline 30 mg/kg, and a group with pulmonary hypertension with 30 mg/kg of monocrotaline treated with Sildenafil. Right ventricle ejection fraction, heart rate, right ventricle systolic pressure and the extent of hypertrophy were measured. The functional relation between any two variables was evaluated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: It was found that all correlations were statistically significant (p <0.01). The strongest correlation was the inverse one between the RVEF and the Fulton index (r = -0.82). The Fulton index also had a strong correlation with the RVSP (r = 0.79). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the RVEF and the RVSP was -0.81, meaning that the higher the systolic pressure in the right ventricle, the lower the ejection fraction value. Heart rate was significantly correlated to the other three variables studied, although with relatively low correlation. Conclusion: The correlations obtained in this study indicate that the parameters evaluated in the research related to experimental pulmonary hypertension correlate adequately and that the measurements that are currently made are adequate and consistent with each other, that is, they have good predictive capacity.

scholarly journals Psychological Traits and Behavioural Influences in Patients with Dystonia—An Observational Cohort Study in a Romanian Neurology Department

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Eugenia Irene Davidescu ◽  
Irina Odajiu ◽  
Delia Tulbă ◽  
Iulia Mitrea ◽  
Camelia Cucu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Idiopathic Dystonia

(1) Background: Emerging evidence indicates that non-motor symptoms significantly influence the quality of life in dystonic patients. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate their psychological characteristics and personality traits. (2) Methods: Subjects with idiopathic dystonia and a matched control group were enrolled in this prospective observational cohort study. Inclusion criteria for patient group included idiopathic dystonia diagnosis, evolution exceeding 1 year, and signed informed consent. Inclusion criteria for the control group included lack of neurological comorbidities and signed informed consent. All subjects completed the DECAS Personality Inventory along with an additional form of demographic factors. Data (including descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate analysis) were analyzed with SPSS. (3) Results: In total, 95 participants were included, of which 57 were in the patient group. Females prevailed (80%), and the mean age was 54.64 ± 12.8 years. The most frequent clinical features of dystonia were focal distribution (71.9%) and progressive disease course (94.73%). The patients underwent regular treatment with botulinum toxin (85.95%). In addition, patients with dystonia obtained significantly higher openness scores than controls, even after adjusting for possible confounders (p = 0.006). Personality traits were also different between the two groups, with patients more often being fantasists (p = 0.007), experimenters (p = 0.022), sophists (p = 0.040), seldom acceptors (p = 0.022), and pragmatics (p = 0.022) than control subjects. (4) Conclusion: Dystonic patients tend to have different personality profiles compared to control subjects, which should be taken into consideration by the treating neurologist.

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