Cotton Mather Anguishes Over the Consequences of His Son's Inoculation Against Smallpox

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 756-756
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
New Method ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Inoculation Technique ◽  
Cotton Mather ◽  
The People ◽  
Small Pox ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Historical Writings ◽  
The Town

Cotton Mather (1663-1728), usually remembered for his theological and historical writings, was also much concerned with medicine. He was interested in many aspects of contemporary science and became one of the few colonial members of the Royal Society of London. In 1721, when a smallpox epidemic hit Boston, Mather urged Boston physicians, particularly Zabdiel Boylston, to employ the inoculation technique used by the Turks as a means of preventing fatal cases of the disease. In his Diary, Mather records the anguish he suffered for having taken this stand. [May] 26 [1721]. The grievous Calamity of the Small-Pox has now entered the Town. The Practice of conveying and suffering the Small-pox by Inoculation, has never been used in America, nor indeed in our Nation, But how many Lives might be saved by it, if it were practised? . . . [June] 13. What shall I do? what shall I do, with regard unto Sammy? He comes home, when the Small-pox begins to spread in the Neighbourhood; and he is lothe to return unto Cambridge. I must earnestly look up to Heaven for Direction. . . . [July] 16. At this Time, I enjoy an unspeakable Consolation. I have instructed our Physicians in the new Method used by the Africans and Asiaticks, to prevent and abate the Dangers of the Small-Pox, and infallibly to save the Lives of those that have it wisely managed upon them. The Destroyer, being enraged at the Proposal of any Thing, that may rescue the Lives of our poor People from him, has taken a strange Possession of the People on this Occasion.

Damages caused by Polish cavalry in Tyszowce starosty in 17th-18th century

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Adam Frykowski
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Financial Capacity ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Town ◽  
Crown Lands ◽  
Negative Phenomena

SUMMARYNon-city starosty of Tyszowce was located in the province of Belz and received the status of royal land in 1462. Its territory included the town of Tyszowce and villages: Mikulin, Perespa, Klatwy and Przewale. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the starosty suffered from a significant increase of various negative phenomena. The crown lands had bitterly tasted devastating fires, epidemics, contributions, requisitions, robberies and field devastations. All these disasters were caused mainly by war and military activities. Marches of soldiers and quartering of troops greatly contributed to the situation and were usually associated with the need of maintaining the soldiers. The requisitions of food, alcohol, cattle, horses and poultry were particularly burdensome for the people. The greatest economic devastation as regards the resources of the starosty and its people was caused by monetary contributions, usually several times higher than the financial capacity of the town and its inhabitants. This work focuses on damages to the starosty caused by the royal cavalry. According to the literature, it is clear that the behavior of the troops in Tyszowce Starosty was not different from the behavior of soldiers in other areas of Poland. It must be admitted that the reprehensible behavior of the army was influenced by many conditions, from the recruitment of people from backgrounds often involving conflict with law, as well as foreigners, to the accommodation system under which the soldiers were forced to supply themselves “on their own.”

The History Of Modern Vaccination In Cooch Behar State In The Nineteenth Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Bind
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
The State ◽  
The People ◽  
Small Pox ◽  
Preventive Method ◽  
History Of

This paper examines the development of modern vaccination programme of Cooch Behar state, a district of West Bengal of India during the nineteenth century. The study has critically analysed the modern vaccination system, which was the only preventive method against various diseases like small pox, cholera but due to neglect, superstation and religious obstacles the people of Cooch Behar state were not interested about modern vaccination. It also examines the sex wise and castes wise vaccinators of the state during the study period. The study will help us to growing conciseness about modern vaccination among the peoples of Cooch Behar district.   

Homage to Dr med. Božidar Kostić

2021 ◽  
pp. 096777202097458
Author(s):  
Božidar Pocevski ◽  
Prim. Predrag Pocevski ◽  
Lidija Horvat
Keyword(s):  
Great Success ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Medical Faculties ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

Dr Božidar Kostić (1892–1960) – physician of noble heart – was born in Niš (Kingdom of Serbia) in a distinguished family of academically educated parents. As there were no medical faculties in Kingdom of Serbia, after high school, which he had finished with great success, in 1911 he enrolled at the Graz University of Medicine, a prestigious medical university. Soon he transferred to the Faculty of Medicine at Charles University in Prague, where he continued his studying for another ten semesters. In Prague, The Golden City, after the First World War, he finished his studies with an average grade of 10. After the Second World War, he worked as a doctor with a private medical practice in Belgrade, but soon he moved to Vranje, where he established the Town Polyclinic and contributed to the final flourishing of the most important forms of health care activities in liberated Vranje, donating his rich knowledge and skills, which led the health service to move to forms of independent work and development of new activities. For his contribution to the community, by decree of His Majesty King of Yugoslavia Alexander I Karađorđević, he received the Order of Saint Sava. Dr Božidar Kostić and his wife Pravda devoted their lives to the health and educational upbringing of the people in the south parts of Serbia (then Social Federative Republic of Yugoslavia). Until his last days he lived and worked as a true folk doctor.

Ethnohistorical Archaeology and the Mythscape of the Naga in the Chiang Saen Basin, Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Piyawit Moonkham
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Local People ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The People ◽  
Divine Retribution ◽  
The Town

Abstract There is a northern Thai story that tells how the naga—a mythical serpent—came and destroyed the town known as Yonok (c. thirteenth century) after its ruler became immoral. Despite this divine retribution, the people of the town chose to rebuild it. Many archaeological sites indicate resettlement during this early historical period. Although many temple sites were constructed in accordance with the Buddhist cosmology, the building patterns vary from location to location and illustrate what this paper calls ‘nonconventional patterns,’ distinct from Theravada Buddhist concepts. These nonconventional patterns of temples seem to have been widely practiced in many early historical settlements, e.g., Yonok (what is now Wiang Nong Lom). Many local written documents and practices today reflect the influence of the naga myth on building construction. This paper will demonstrate that local communities in the Chiang Saen basin not only believe in the naga myth but have also applied the myth as a tool to interact with the surrounding landscapes. The myth is seen as a crucial, communicated element used by the local people to modify and construct physical landscapes, meaning Theravada Buddhist cosmology alone cannot explain the nonconventional patterns. As such, comprehending the role of the naga myth enables us to understand how local people, past and present, have perceived the myth as a source of knowledge to convey their communal spaces within larger cosmological concepts in order to maintain local customs and legitimise their social space.

scholarly journals XI. A letter from Pierce Dodd, M. D. Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London, and Physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, to the President of the Royal Society, concerning a person who made bloody urine in the small-pox, and recovered

1743 ◽  
Vol 42 (470) ◽  
pp. 559-563
Keyword(s):  
Royal College ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Small Pox

Sir , Making bloody Water is universally esteemed as terrible a Symptom as any that can happen in the Small-pox ; and all who have wrote concerning that Distemper, do unanimously agree, that it is a certain Forerunner of approaching Death.

scholarly journals On a new method of determining the vapour pressures of solutions

1898 ◽  
Vol 62 (379-387) ◽  
pp. 376-385 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
New Method ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Previous Occasion

On a previous occasion I gave some boiling points of salt solutions under atmospheric pressure. As the dimensions of that abstract made a full account of the experimental method impossible, I have been given this opportunity, by the courtesy of the Council of the Royal Society, of describing the apparatus and procedure by which those results were obtained.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT KOTA PADANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Rizki Afri Mulia ◽  
Nika Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The People ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The City

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the welfare of the people of the City of Padang measured using the Human Development Index consisting of: 1) To determine the effect of the Per Capita Gross Regional Domestic Product on the welfare of the people in the City of Padang. 2) To determine the effect of number of Poor in community welfare in Padang. 3) To determine the effect of Unemployment Rate on the welfare of people in the city of Padang. The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative research method. The sampling technique in this study is total sampling. Data collection was performed using documentation and hypothesis testing techniques in this study using multiple linear regression test. Based on the results of the study note that: 1) The regression coefficient value of GDP per capita is equal to 0.0000002 with a probability of 0.001 which is smaller than 0.05. 2) The regression coefficient value of the number of poor population is 0.156 with a probability of 0.526 which is smaller than 0.05. 3) The regression coefficient value of the Open Unemployment Rate is -0,00014 with a probability of 0.117 less than 0.05. The conclusions that can be drawn are as follows: 1) Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) has a positive and significant effect on the welfare of the people in Padang City. 2) The number of poor people has no significant effect on the welfare of the people in the city of Padang. 3) Open Unemployment Rate has no negative and significant effect on the welfare of the people in Padang City.

Consumption pattern of chicken and consumer awareness of unwholesome practises by some dressed chicken smugglers In Oyo Town, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
O.O. Okunlola
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The People ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
The Town

Oyo town has a large concentration of poultry farms in Oyo state. This will in no small way influence the meat choice of the people of the town. This study was carried out to determine the consumption pattern of chicken and the unwholesome practices by dressed chicken smugglers in Oyo town, Nigeria. A total of 100 questionnaires were purposively administered to chicken consumers in thestudy area. Also, a multistage sampling method was adopted with the study area divided into three, on Local Government Area (LGA) basis. in the first stage. In the second stage, 30 questionnaires were administered in each of Oyo East and Oyo West LGAs while 40 were administered in Atiba LGA. Data from the table show that majority of the respondents were female (62%), aged between 20 – 39 years (46%) and had tertiary education (54%). From the table, 22% claimed affordability as the reason for chicken purchase while 72% preferred dressed chicken to live chicken.The results also show that 56% of the respondents ate chicken weekly and 47% of them made their purchases from farms and farm outlets. Factors considered to influence purchases were affordability (30%) and availability (24%). Only twenty four percent (24%) of the respondents were aware of the unwholesome practices by dressed chicken smugglers while 46% of those aware saw the consumption of smuggled chicken as hazardous. Key words: Oyo town, chicken consumption, chicken preferences, dressed chicken smugglers, food safety

1. Accompanying Note to Portions of Lead from the Roof of the Lower Storey of Nelson's Monument, injured by Lightning on the evening of 4th February 1863

1866 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
C. Piazzi Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Town Council ◽  
The Town

The portions of sheet-lead above mentioned had attracted my attention on the days following the 4th of February, when engaged in repairing some damage which had then occurred to the electric wires connecting the Nelson Monument and the Observatory; and finding that plumbers (employed by the Town-Council) were removing the old lead and substituting new in its place, and being also encouraged by Professor P. G. Tait, who with me visited the spot, to believe that the markings which had been discovered were electrically of unusual interest, I lost no time in applying to Mr J. D. Marwick, town-clerk, for those portions of the leaden covering which contained the marks in question, with the View of presenting them to the Royal Society.

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