Lipid and Lipoprotein Tracking in 108 Children Over a Four-Year Period

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-591
Author(s):  
Peter Laskarzewski ◽  
John A. Morrison ◽  
Ido deGroot ◽  
Kathe A. Kelly ◽  
Margot J. Mellies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Lipids And Lipoproteins

This study was designed to assess "tracking" of plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL, C-LDL), in 108 children followed over a four-year period in the Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinic's Princeton School study. The correlations between initial and subsequent measurements of plasma cholesterol were respectively 0.65, 0.66, and 0.68 for observations one, two, and three years apart, P < .001; for plasma triglyceride they were 0.47, 0.37, and 0.39, P < .001. Initial and subsequent C-HDL and C-LDL levels were also highly correlated, r = .60, .53 (for C-HDL), r = .67 and .61 (for C-LDL), for observations two and three years apart, P < .001. Six of 13 children initially in the top decile for plasma cholesterol remained there over the four-year period. Only three of 11 children initially in the top decile for plasma triglyceride remained there over the four-year period. Plasma C-HDL levels initially in the top decile generally remained there, with 82% and 64% of children initially in the top decile remaining in the top two deciles on follow-up. Plasma C-LDL levels were more dispersed than C-HDL, with three of 11 children initially in the top decile remaining there after four years. A considerable proportion of the decrement in group mean levels of lipids and lipoproteins for children initially in the top deciles could be accounted for by regression toward the mean. Although initial and subsequent measures of lipids and lipoproteins in school children are closely correlated, and there is a moderate degree of tracking for children initially in the top deciles, only small numbers of children after four years of follow-up will retain persistent elevations of cholesterol, triglyceride, and C-LDL. Longitudinal assessment of children with elevated lipid and lipoprotein levels may permit early identification of risk factors which both increase risk to coronary heart disease in adulthood (cholesterol, triglyceride, C-LDL), or decrease it (C-HDL).

Absence of focal glomerulosclerosis in aging analbuminemic rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. R947-R954 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Fujihara ◽  
D. M. Limongi ◽  
H. C. De Oliveira ◽  
R. Zatz
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Glomerular Hypertension

The Nagase analbuminemic rat (NAR), a mutant of the Sprague-Dawley (SD) strain, exhibits high levels of plasma cholesterol (Chol), thrombocytosis, and enhanced platelet aggregability, which might promote glomerulosclerosis (GS). To determine whether NAR are more susceptible than SD rats to aging GS, young (3-mo-old) and aging (18-mo-old) SD rats and NAR were studied. In young NAR, glomerular pressure and glomerular volume were lower, whereas total and high-density lipoprotein plasma Chol levels were higher than in young SD rats. Aging SD rats developed glomerular hypertension and hypertrophy. Less glomerular enlargement and subnormal glomerular pressures were seen in aging NAR. Enhanced platelet aggregation developed in aging SD rats, approaching the values seen in NAR. Similarly elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein Chol were seen in additional SD rats and NAR studied at 12 mo of age. Plasma triglyceride (TG) levels were lower in NAR at this age. Only SD rats developed proteinuria and exhibited GS and glomerular lipid deposits at 18 mo of age. Reduced glomerular wall stress due to lower glomerular pressure and volume as well as lower TG levels may explain the absence of GS in aging NAR despite plasma lipid and platelet abnormalities.

scholarly journals The Effect of Quail Egg and Hen Egg Consumption on Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation and Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raveenan Mingpakanee ◽  
Chatchanok Chaisitthichai ◽  
Nattaporn Wichitamporn ◽  
Paradee Sappittayakorn ◽  
Suparnnikar Phongphanwatana
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Hen Egg ◽  
Lipoprotein Profiles

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of quail egg and hen egg supplements on lipoprotein profiles, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and small dense LDL cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) in young healthy people, compared with hen eggs. Material and Methods: Twenty-three healthy volunteers (11 men and 12 women) were randomly assigned to consume 3 whole hen eggs per day (hen group, n=11) (total cholesterol 633 mg) or 9 quail eggs per day (quail group, n=12) (total cholesterol 459 mg) for 30 days. The plasma cholesterol and plasma triglyceride concentrations and lipoprotein fractions (Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein; TRL, LDL and high-density lipoprotein; HDL) were determined at baseline and after the 30-day period of egg consumption. The LDL oxidation (lag time) was measured by the increase of conjugated diene production. Sd-LDL-C was calculated from the major lipid and lipoprotein parameters. Results: In the quail group, plasma triglyceride (TG) and LDL-TG were significantly decreased, whereas the plasma cholesterol and HDL-C were unchanged. There was no alteration in lipoprotein profiles in the hen group. The LDL lag time of the quail group was longer than at baseline. There were no significant changes in sd-LDL-C levels in both groups during the study.Conclusion: Quail egg and hen egg consumptions for 30 days did not change the lipoprotein profiles, sd-LDL as well as the LDL-oxidation, which not modified the cardiovascular disease risk factor.

Plasma Lipid and Lipoprotein Abnormalities in Patients with Malabsorption

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert R. Thompson ◽  
J. Paul Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Lipids And Lipoproteins

1. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins have been studied in control subjects and patients with various types of steatorrhoea. 2. Low plasma cholesterol levels were found in malabsorbers and were associated with decreased amounts of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in males and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in females. 3. Serum triglyceride levels were normal in males, but exceeded control values in some of the females, due to an increase in very-low-density lipoprotein. 4. LDL composition was abnormal in both male and female malabsorbers, with a decreased proportion of cholesterol ester and an increased proportion of triglyceride. There was also an increased proportion of triglyceride in HDL. 5. These findings show that malabsorption markedly influences not only the concentration but also the composition of plasma lipoproteins.

Plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and triglyceride turnover in eu- and hypo-thyroid rats and rats on a hypocaloric diet

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Dory ◽  
Brian R. Krause ◽  
Paul S. Roheim
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Control Groups

Lipid and lipoprotein concentration, and triglyceride turnover were studied in control, thyroidectomized, and pair-fed control rats (pair-fed to match the food intake of the thyroidectomized rats). Thyroidectomy induced a significant increase in plasma cholesterol (and low density lipoprotein) concentrations and a decrease in plasma triglyceride (and very low density lipoprotein) concentrations. Changes in similar direction but of smaller magnitude were observed in the plasma of the pair-fed control rats. To further investigate triglyceride metabolism in these three groups of animals, triglyceride turnover was studied in fasted, unrestrained, and unanesthetized rats, following injection of [2-3H]glycerol. Peak incorporation of [2-3H]glycerol into plasma triglyceride occurred in all three groups of animals at 25 min after precursor administration, although the maximal incorporation was substantially lower in the thyroidectomized group than in either of the control groups. Thereafter, plasma triglyceride radioactivity decayed monoexponentially with a half-life of 24 ± 1 min for both normal and pair-fed control rats, compared with the half-life of 41 ± 3 min observed in the thyroidectomized rats. The calculated apparent fractional catabolic rates were thus 0.029 min−1 for both control groups and only 0.017 min−1 for the thyroidectomized animals. The apparent total catabolic rates of plasma triglyceride were 299 ± 11, 138 ± 11, and 48 ± 4 μg triglyceride∙min−1 for the normal controls, pair-fed controls, and thyroidectomized rats, respectively. These data further emphasize the importance of thyroid hormones in regulating plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and, specifically, indicate that hypothyroidism results in a reduction of triglyceride secretion into, and the removal from, circulation. Furthermore, evidence was presented that the decreased caloric intake of the hypothyroid animals cannot, in itself, account for this observation.

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment and treatment patterns in a cohort of >143,000 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Ontario, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fairbairn ◽  
P Oh ◽  
R Goeree ◽  
R.M Rogoza ◽  
M Packalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Abstract Background/Introduction Limited real-world data are available on attainment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment goals in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in Canada. Purpose A retrospective observational study was conducted to describe types of ASCVD events/procedures, time between events and use of lipid lowering treatment (LLT) in patients who did not achieve LDL-C goal. Methods Patients in Ontario ≥65 years with a primary ASCVD event/procedure between 1 Apr 2005 and 31 Mar 2016, treated with an LLT and with index and follow up LDL-C values were identified from claims data at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences data repository. Patients were assessed over a 1-year follow up period for LDL-C goal attainment (<2.0 mmol/L or 50% reduction from index LDL-C) and analysed by LLT and by index event type. Results Overall, 28% of 143,302 patients ≥65 years on LLT failed to attain LDL-C goal at follow up (Figure). The proportion of patients failing to achieve LDL-C goal decreased from 35% to 22% over the 11-year study period. Mean time between index and follow up LDL-C (based on lowest score >2 weeks and up to 1 year after index LDL-C) was 203±97 days. When analysed by low-, moderate- or high-intensity statin, 57%, 30%, and 22% of patients failed to achieve LDL-C goal at follow up, respectively. Conclusions In this study, more than 1 in 4 patients with ASCVD in Ontario failed to achieve guideline recommended LDL-C goal despite treatment. In particular, ∼1 in 3 patients with cerebral and peripheral arterial disease were not at goal. An opportunity exists to better manage these high risk ASCVD patients with further statin intensification and additional LLTs This study made use of de-identified data from the ICES Data Repository, which is managed by the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences with support from its funders and partners: Canada's Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR), the Ontario SPOR Support Unit, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Government of Ontario. The opinions, results and conclusions reported are those of the authors. No endorsement by ICES or any of its funders or partners is intended or should be inferred. Parts of this material are based on data and/or information compiled and provided by CIHI. However, the analyses, conclusions, opinions and statements expressed in the material are those of the author(s), and not necessarily those of CIHI Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Amgen Canada Inc.

scholarly journals Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Indices for Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese Women: One-Year Follow-Up Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 3280-3287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyo Nakajima ◽  
Masanobu Yamada ◽  
Masako Akuzawa ◽  
Sumiyasu Ishii ◽  
Yasuhiro Masamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
The Relationship

Context: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) increase with age; however, their relationship remains unclear. Objective: Our objective was to investigate the relationship between SCH and indices of metabolic syndrome and follow up subjects for 1 year. Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal follow-up studies of cases were collected from Takasaki Hidaka Hospital between 2003 and 2007. Participants: Overall, 11 498 participants of health checkups were analyzed. The mean age was 48 ± 9 years. Main Outcome Measures: The relationship between SCH and indices of MetS were examined. Results: Serum free T4 levels were lower in women than men in most of the age groups, and the prevalence of SCH, 6.3% in women vs 3.4% in men, increased with age, reaching 14.6% in 70-year-old women. Multivariate logistic-regression analyses revealed that waist circumference and the serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were significantly higher in subjects with SCH than without among women. Reflecting these findings, the adjusted odds ratio of MetS in patients with SCH was higher than in the euthyroid subjects in women with an odds ratio of 2.7 (95% confidence interval 1.1–5.6; P = .017) but not in men. Furthermore, progression from euthyroid into SCH resulted in a significant increase in the serum triglyceride levels but not low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in women. Conclusion: Japanese women exhibited a high prevalence of SCH associated with low free T4 levels. There was a strong association between SCH and several indices of metabolic syndrome in women. SCH may affect serum triglyceride levels and be a risk factor for metabolic syndrome.

Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis in a child: a four-year follow-up with review of literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aashima Dabas ◽  
Rakhi Malhotra ◽  
Ravindra Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Khadgawat
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Primary Osteoporosis ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Idiopathic Juvenile Osteoporosis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor

Abstract Objectives Childhood osteoporosis is an uncommon condition that usually develops secondary to underlying disease states. Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis or early onset osteoporosis is a rare cause of primary osteoporosis in childhood associated with mutations in “bone fragility” genes. Case presentation The index case presented with upper back pain and was detected to have multiple vertebral fractures. Further workup for the cause revealed a homozygous benign mutation in low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5, which was also detected in the mother who remained asymptomatic till presentation. The child was successfully treated with intravenous zoledronate. Conclusions The case report describes the management approach and four-year follow-up of the child.

scholarly journals Theranostic Design of Angiopep-2 Conjugated Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles (Thera-ANG-cHANPs) for Dual Targeting and Boosted Imaging of Glioma Cells

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Angela Costagliola di Polidoro ◽  
Giorgia Zambito ◽  
Joost Haeck ◽  
Laura Mezzanotte ◽  
Martine Lamfers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Dual Targeting ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Targeting Peptide

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a mean survival of only 15 months. Tumour heterogeneity and blood-brain barrier (BBB) mainly hinder the transport of active agents, leading to late diagnosis, ineffective therapy and inaccurate follow-up. The use of hydrogel nanoparticles, particularly hyaluronic acid as naturally occurring polymer of the extracellular matrix (ECM), has great potential in improving the transport of drug molecules and, furthermore, in facilitatating the early diagnosis by the effect of hydrodenticity enabling the T1 boosting of Gadolinium chelates for MRI. Here, crosslinked hyaluronic acid nanoparticles encapsulating gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and the chemotherapeutic agent irinotecan (Thera-cHANPs) are proposed as theranostic nanovectors, with improved MRI capacities. Irinotecan was selected since currently repurposed as an alternative compound to the poorly effective temozolomide (TMZ), generally approved as the gold standard in GBM clinical care. Also, active crossing and targeting are achieved by theranostic cHANPs decorated with angiopep-2 (Thera-ANG-cHANPs), a dual-targeting peptide interacting with low density lipoprotein receptor related protein-1(LRP-1) receptors overexpressed by both endothelial cells of the BBB and glioma cells. Results showed preserving the hydrodenticity effect in the advanced formulation and internalization by the active peptide-mediated uptake of Thera-cHANPs in U87 and GS-102 cells. Moreover, Thera-ANG-cHANPs proved to reduce ironotecan time response, showing a significant cytotoxic effect in 24 h instead of 48 h.

Bile Acids: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Physiology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan F. Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor

Bile acids, amphipathic end products of cholesterol metabolism, are “good” in the infant because they enhance lipid absorption and thereby promote growth. Bile acids also induce bile flow and biliary lipid secretion. The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is “bad” in the adult because it downregulates hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein receptor activity and thereby elevates plasma cholesterol levels. Defects in bile acid metabolism such as impaired biosynthesis or transport are “ugly” because they cause morbidity and death. New approaches for treating these defects are being developed.

scholarly journals The Impact of Changes in Population LDL-C Levels on LDL-C Control in Patients After PCI in China: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Liu ◽  
Zhipeng Zhou ◽  
Yanqing Wu ◽  
Jingsong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Treatment Goal ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BANKGROUND: Mortality from coronary artery disease continues to rise, and secondary prevention and treatment are particularly important. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), to describe how treatment outcomes for individual patients changed over time and to examine the potential impact of lipid control rates through population LDL-C levels changes.METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in patients who underwent PCI between July 2017 and June 2019. The main results included LDL-C levels after PCI. To assess the outcome of prevention, three separate measures of LDL-C were considered: baseline, first follow-up, and final follow-up, and LDL-C control rates were analyzed according to different guidelines. we examine the impact of 0.1mmol/l decreases or increases in population LDL-C levels on LDL-C control.RESULTS: Data were analyzed for 423 patients (mean age, 62 ±10 years), and the baseline LDL-C level was 3.11 ± 0.99 mmol/l. 51.5% of the patients achieved the Chinese Lipids Guidelines treatment goal, 22% and 11.6% of the patients achieved the 2016 ESC Lipids Guidelines and 2019 ESC Lipids Guidelines treatment goal at the final follow-up period respectively. LDL-C levels fluctuated during the follow-up period, and the long-term maintenance results could not be guaranteed after PCI. Population LDL-C levels changes in lifestyle could have a very large impact on LDL-C control in China.CONCLUSION: LDL-C control with statins is not ideal in patients after PCI, which is far from the requirements of the latest guidelines. Although clinicians understand the lipid-lowering effect of statins, they should not give up active lifestyle changes, and should strengthen the comprehensive management of blood lipid control.

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