Blood Pressure of Children in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-649
Author(s):  
Alexander R. P. Walker ◽  
B. Faith Walker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status ◽  
Heart Blood ◽  
Lung Institute

Professor F. A. Adams1 has criticized data published by the Task Force of the National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute,2 averring that the cross-sectional data used to produce the blood pressure standards for children "cannot define the optimal or medically normal; they only describe the status of the population at that moment in time." Adams believes that, ideally, "beyond infancy the normal aging process is unaccompanied by an increase in blood pressure." There are many populations living primitively to whom this applies, although our experience of blacks living in very remote parts of Southern Africa is that it is only beyond adolescence, not infancy, that blood pressure does not rise significantly.

Abstract P128: Age-related Patterns In Systolic And Diastolic Blood Pressure In Adults From The United States And India

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aayush Visaria ◽  
David Lo ◽  
Pranay Maniar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quadratic Curve ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Age Related Changes

The purpose of this cross-sectional, exploratory analysis was to describe age-related patterns of blood pressure (BP) among participants in India (using the 2014 Annual Health Survey) and the United States (using National Health & Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011-2016). We included 10,759 U.S. and 790,641 Indian participants aged ≥20 years with ≥2 BP readings. We plotted mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) across 5-year age groups and estimated best fit models. SBP increased linearly with age in both sexes and study populations (R 2 : 0.88-0.99; Fig. 1-2). Those with overweight/obese BMI had higher SBP and modestly higher rates of increase in SBP. DBP followed a quadratic curve (R 2 : 0.68-0.99), peaking in the 5-6th decade (45-49 years in U.S. and 50-59 in India) with higher and earlier peaks in those with elevated BMI. The models’ strong fit and similarity between study populations supports the notion that physical processes underly BP’s age-related changes.

Varying Understandings of Democracy in the Contemporary World

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-72
Author(s):  
Jie Lu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Psychometric Models

This chapter presents systematic descriptive evidence on the status of popular conceptions of democracy in today’s world, using GBS II data from seventy-one societies. To make the descriptive analysis more informative, we have included comparable information from the United States and relied on different psychometric models to uncover people’s latent characteristics that shape their responses to the PUD instruments. We have consistently found that the PUD instruments are sufficiently sensitive to the socioeconomic and political environment, thus revealing significant and substantial variation in popular conceptions of democracies across regions, between societies, and among individuals. To ensure that the variation documented in the PUD instruments is not something transient or idiosyncratic, we further explore the longitudinal dynamics of this critical attitude using the ABS two-wave rolling-cross-sectional surveys from thirteen East Asian societies.

scholarly journals Genetic and BMI Risks for Predicting Blood Pressure in Three Generations of West African Dogon Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn Y. Taylor ◽  
Deborah Sampson ◽  
Andre D. Taylor ◽  
Dennis Caldwell ◽  
Yan V. Sun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
African American Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
West African ◽  
African Women ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Three Generations

The study of genetic polymorphisms and body mass index (BMI) among African women in Africa and in the United States contributes to our understanding of the genetic and environmental risk factors for hypertension. African American women have the highest prevalence of hypertension and obesity compared to other ethnic groups in the United States. Using a cross-sectional research design, we examined the effects of genetic and environmental risks of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and BMI on blood pressure (BP) among three generations of West African Dogon women ( N = 199). We genotyped six SNPs located in the candidate genes known to be related to hypertension. We tested the associations between these SNPs and systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) with Fisher’s exact tests, chi-square tests for independence, and multivariable linear mixed models. The SNP rs8179526 (SLC4A5) was significantly associated with SBP adjusted for age, age2, and BMI ( p = .02). The “C” allele variant of rs8179526 (allele frequency of 0.445) was associated with higher SBP. This SNP did not deviate from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) with p value of .772. The SNP × BMI interaction effects associated with SBP and DBP were not significant. rs8179526 is located on the SLC4A5 gene on chromosome 2. SLC4A5 encodes a protein that transports sodium and bicarbonate across cell membranes while regulating cellular pH and contains several SNPs linked to elevated BP. Knowledge of the SNP’s effect on hypertension among West African women can help health practitioners educate their patients about genetic risks of developing hypertension.

Children's Blood Pressure in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Sidney Blumenthal ◽  
W. McFate Smith ◽  
Robert C. Tarazi ◽  
Ronald Lauer ◽  
Mary Jane Jesse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Control ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Relationship

We have read Dr Forrest Adams' note entitled "Blood Pressure of Children in the United States" (Pediatrics See Table in the PDF File 61:931, 1978) in which he comments on specific sections of a report of a Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children. Knowledge concerning the relationship between blood pressure in children and subsequent health in adult life should be of continuous interest to all pediatricians. Dr Adams states that it is misleading to present percentile graphs of US children's blood pressures for reference because US children's blood pressures increase with age while other cultures fail to show an increase from infancy to 50 years.

Age and Blood Pressure

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1056
Author(s):  
L. Jerome Krovetz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Recent Editorial

This is written in corroboration of a recent editorial by Dr Forrest H Adams on blood pressure in children in the United States. Dr Adams stated that "the blood pressure should remain stable for life in the absence of disease.... The normal aging process is unaccompanied by an increase in blood pressure." In 1972, we published a study on hemodynamic data1 obtained on normal subjects undergoing cardiac catheterization. A total of 365 normal subjects, 1 day to 69 years of age, were analyzed.

Blood pressure of children in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-932
Author(s):  
Forrest H. Adams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Hypertensive Patient ◽  
Blood Pressure Control ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
National Heart Lung

Recently a Task Force of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute published a report in Pediatrics on blood pressure control in children.1 The report was good in many respects in that it presented in summary form a critique of what we currently know and do not know about blood pressure in children. Particularly good for pediatricians were the sections on methodology for measurement of blood pressure; mechanisms and causes of hypertension; evaluation of the hypertensive patient; and treatment of the hypertensive patient. The Task Force stressed the importance of further research in the field of blood pressure control in children and specifically recommended that physicians incorporate the measurement of blood pressure in the annual physical examination after 3 years of age.

Multicultural Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the United States: Still Art, Not Yet Science, and Controversial

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Dana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Assessment ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Status ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Multicultural Assessment ◽  
Personality Description

This paper describes the status of multicultural assessment training, research, and practice in the United States. Racism, politicization of issues, and demands for equity in assessment of psychopathology and personality description have created a climate of controversy. Some sources of bias provide an introduction to major assessment issues including service delivery, moderator variables, modifications of standard tests, development of culture-specific tests, personality theory and cultural/racial identity description, cultural formulations for psychiatric diagnosis, and use of findings, particularly in therapeutic assessment. An assessment-intervention model summarizes this paper and suggests dimensions that compel practitioners to ask questions meriting research attention and providing avenues for developments of culturally competent practice.

Palestine Unbound

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
The Us ◽  
Intention To Move ◽  
Arab Israeli Conflict ◽  
The U.S

This section, updated regularly on the blog Palestine Square, covers popular conversations related to the Palestinians and the Arab-Israeli conflict during the quarter 16 November 2017 to 15 February 2018: #JerusalemIstheCapitalofPalestine went viral after U.S. president Donald Trump recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and announced his intention to move the U.S. embassy there from Tel Aviv. The arrest of Palestinian teenager Ahed Tamimi for slapping an Israeli soldier also prompted a viral campaign under the hashtag #FreeAhed. A smaller campaign protested the exclusion of Palestinian human rights from the agenda of the annual Creating Change conference organized by the US-based National LGBTQ Task Force in Washington. And, UNRWA publicized its emergency funding appeal, following the decision of the United States to slash funding to the organization, with the hashtag #DignityIsPriceless.

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