Abnormal Truncal Muscle Tone as a Useful Early Marker for Developmental Delay in Low Birth Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-663
Author(s):  
Michael K. Georgieff ◽  
Judy C. Bernbaum ◽  
Marsha Hoffman-Williamson ◽  
Andrea Daft
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Developmental Outcome ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Normal Tone ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Thirty-four outborn premature infants of appropriate gestational ages with birth weights less than 1,750 g were seen in follow-up at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months, corrected age to assess the incidence of abnormalities of muscle tone and the relationship of the site of early abnormalities to 18-month developmental status. The incidence of abnormal tone was most common at 3 months and declined with increasing age. The percentages of infants with abnormal tone at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively, were: increased lower extremity tone—62%, 71%, 38%, 9%; decreased lower extremity tone—3%, 3%, 6%, 9%; increased truncal tone—41%, 15%, 6%, 0%; decreased truncal tone—21%, 18%, 15%, 6%. Infants with truncal hypertonicity at 3 months had significantly lower Bayley motor and mental scores at 18 months when compared with infants with normal truncal tone (P < .05). However, infants with lower extremity hypertonicity at 3 months were no different developmentally at 18 months from infants with normal tone. Infants with truncal or lower extremity hypotonicity fared the worst developmentally (P < .05). We conclude that there is a high incidence of abnormal muscle tone in premature infants up to 18 months of age and that early truncal tone abnormalities are associated with a worse developmental outcome.

A Decade of Disparities in Diabetes Technology Use and HbA1c in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Trans-Atlantic Comparison

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananta Addala ◽  
Marie Auzanneau ◽  
Kellee Miller ◽  
Werner Maier ◽  
Nicole Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Diabetes Technology ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes

<b>Objective:</b> As diabetes technology use in youth increases worldwide, inequalities in access may exacerbate disparities in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). We hypothesized an increasing gap in diabetes technology use by socioeconomic status (SES) would be associated with increased HbA1c disparities. <p> </p> <p><b>Research Design and Methods: </b>Participants aged <18 years with diabetes duration ≥1 year in the Type 1 Diabetes Exchange (T1DX, US, n=16,457) and Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (DPV, Germany, n=39,836) registries were categorized into lowest (Q1) to highest (Q5) SES quintiles. Multiple regression analyses compared the relationship of SES quintiles with diabetes technology use and HbA1c from 2010-2012 and 2016-2018. </p> <p> </p> <p><b>Results: </b>HbA1c was higher in participants with lower SES (in 2010-2012 & 2016-2018, respectively: 8.0% & 7.8% in Q1 and 7.6% & 7.5% in Q5 for DPV; and 9.0% & 9.3% in Q1 and 7.8% & 8.0% in Q5 for T1DX). For DPV, the association between SES and HbA1c did not change between the two time periods, whereas for T1DX, disparities in HbA1c by SES increased significantly (p<0.001). After adjusting for technology use, results for DPV did not change whereas the increase in T1DX was no longer significant.</p> <p> </p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>Although causal conclusions cannot be drawn, diabetes technology use is lowest and HbA1c is highest in those of the lowest SES quintile in the T1DX and this difference for HbA1c broadened in the last decade. Associations of SES with technology use and HbA1c were weaker in the DPV registry. </p>

scholarly journals Investigation of the Correlation between Postherpetic Itch and Neuropathic Pain over Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rie Ishikawa ◽  
Masako Iseki ◽  
Rie Koga ◽  
Eiichi Inada
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Paindetect Questionnaire ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Postherpetic itch (PHI), or herpes zoster itch, is an intractable and poorly understood disease. We targeted 94 herpes zoster patients to investigate their pain and itch intensities at three separate stages of the condition (acute, subacute, and chronic). We used painDETECT questionnaire (PDQ) scores to investigate the correlation between PHI and neuropathic pain. Seventy-six patients were able to complete follow-up surveys. The prevalence of PHI was 47/76 (62%), 28/76 (37%), and 34/76 (45%) at the acute, subacute, and chronic stages, respectively. PHI manifestation times and patterns varied. We investigated the relationship of PHI with neuropathic pain using the visual analog scale (VAS), which is a measure of pain intensity, and the PDQ, which is a questionnaire used to evaluate the elements of neuropathic pain. The VAS and PDQ scores did not differ significantly between PHI-positive and PHI-negative patients. A large neuropathic component was not found for herpes zoster itch, suggesting that neuropathic pain treatments may not able to adequately control the itch. Accordingly, we suggest that a more PHI-focused therapy is required to address this condition.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Left Ventricular Trabeculation to Ventricular Function and Structure Over a 9.5-Year Follow-Up

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (19) ◽  
pp. 1971-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Zemrak ◽  
Mark A. Ahlman ◽  
Gabriella Captur ◽  
Saidi A. Mohiddin ◽  
Nadine Kawel-Boehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Influence of uric acid on the correlation between waist circumference and triglyceride glucose index: an analysis from CHARLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Zheng ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
Yanxia Xie
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Triglyceride Glucose Index ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Longitudinal Relationships

Abstract Background Waist circumference (WC) and uric acid (UA) are significantly related. Still, their temporal sequence and how the sequence works on future risk of triglyceride glucose (TyG) are unknown, especially in the Chinese population. Methods Cross-lagged panel model was used to analyze the reciprocal, longitudinal relationships among a set of interrelated variables. The mediation model was constructed to test the effect of the relationship between WC and UA on TyG. Results A total of 5727 subjects were enrolled in our study population, of which 53.5% were women, and the mean age was 59.0 (standard deviation, 8.62) years. After adjusting for traditional confounding factors, the results showed that a higher level of baseline WC was significantly associated with a higher level of follow-up UA (β = 0.003, P = 0.031) and follow-up TyG (β = 0.003, P < 0.001);. Simultaneously, there was no statistical association between the level of baseline UA and the level of follow-up WC (β = − 0.009, P = 0.951). The mediation effects of UA on WC-TyG were estimated to be 18.1% in adults, and 36.2% in women. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that higher baseline level of WC probably preceded UA’ level in general population. In addition, UA mediated the relationship of WC to TyG, especially in females. And the possible mechanism would require further clarification.

The Relationship of Frequency of Follow-Up Visits to Asthma Outcomes in Patients with Moderate Persistent Asthma

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schatz ◽  
Eva Rodriguez ◽  
Reuben Falkoff ◽  
Robert S. Zeiger
Keyword(s):  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Asthma Outcomes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderate Persistent Asthma

scholarly journals Prediction of Reproductive Success in Multiparous First Service Dairy Cows by Parameters from In-Line Sensors

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Dovilė Malašauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Televičius ◽  
Mingaudas Urbutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Group A ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship of different parameters from an automatic milking system (AMS) with the pregnancy status of multiparous cows at first service and to assess the accuracy of such a follow-up with regard to blood parameters. Before the insemination of cows, blood samples for measuring biochemical indices were taken from the coccygeal vessels and the concentrations of blood serum albumin (ALB), cortisol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined. From oestrus day to seven days after oestrus, the following parameters were registered: milk yield (MY), electric milk conductivity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB). The pregnancy status was evaluated using ultrasound “Easy scan” 30–35 days after insemination. Cows were grouped by reproductive status: PG− (non-pregnant; n = 48) and PG+ (pregnant; n = 44). The BHB level in PG− cows was 1.2 times higher (p < 0.005). The electrical conductivity of milk was statistically significantly higher in all quarters of PG− cows (1.07 times) than of PG+ cows (p < 0.05). The arithmetic mean of blood GGT was 1.61 times higher in PG− cows and the NEFA value 1.23 times higher (p < 0.05) compared with the PG+ group. The liver function was affected, the average ALB of PG− cows was 1.19 times lower (p < 0.05) and the AST activity was 1.16 times lower (p < 0.05) compared with PG+ cows. The non-pregnant group had a negative energy balance demonstrated by high in-line milk BHB and high blood NEFA concentrations. We found a greater number of cows with cortisol >0.0.75 mg/dL in the non-pregnant group. A higher milk electrical conductivity in the non-pregnant cows pointed towards a greater risk of mastitis while higher GGT activities together with lower albumin concentrations indicated that the cows were more affected by oxidative stress.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION OF THE FEEDING TO THE WEIGHT GAIN OF PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-916
Author(s):  
Herbert I. Goldman ◽  
Samuel Karelitz ◽  
Hedda Acs ◽  
Eli Seifter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

One hundred four healthy premature infants, of birth weight 1,000 to 1,800 gm, were fed one of five feedings: (1) human milk; (2) human milk plus 13 meq/l of sodium chloride; (3) human milk plus 13 meq/l of sodium chloride and 18 meq/l of potassium chloride; (4) a half-skimmed cows milk formula; and (5) a partially-skimmed vegetable oil, cows milk formula. The infants fed any of the three human milk formulas gained weight at a slower rate than the infants fed either of the two cows milk formulas. Infants whose diets were changed from unmodified human milk to the half-skimmed cows milk gained large amounts of weight, and at times were visibly edematous. Infants whose diets were changed from the human milks with added sodium chloride, to the half-skimmed cows milk, gained lesser amounts of weight and did not become edematous. The infants fed the two cows milk diets gained similar amounts of weight, although one diet provided 6.5 gm/kg/day, the other 3.1 gm/kg/day of protein.

Abnormal Shoulder Girdle Muscle Tone in Premature Infants During Their First 18 Months of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-669
Author(s):  
Michael K. Georgieff ◽  
Judy C. Bernbaum
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Girdle Muscle ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscle

To document the incidence of and neonatal factors associated with abnormal shoulder girdle muscle tone in premature infants at follow-up, we studied 125 consecutively admitted infants weighing &lt; 1,750 g treated in The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia intensive care nursery and subsequently seen in the Neonatal Follow-up Program up to 18 months of age. Fifty-seven infants (46%) displayed abnormal shoulder girdle muscle tone which presented clinically as scapular retractions. These infants had significantly lower birth weights (P &lt; .001) and gestational age (P &lt; .001) as well as a higher incidence of acute and chronic pulmonary disease (P &lt; 0.01) and CNS insults (P &lt; .05) when compared with infants without scapular retractions. The 57 infants with scapular retractions were further divided into two groups: 42 infants (74%) in whom scapular retractions were associated with generalized mild hypertonicity and 15 infants (26%) in whom scapular retractions compensated for trunk and neck hypotonicity. The infants with scapular retractions and hypotonicity had a significantly higher incidence of neonatal neurologic morbidity including seizures, major resuscitations, and birth asphyxia (P &lt; .01) when compared with the infants with scapular retractions and hypertonicity. Shoulder girdle tone abnormalities in the first year of life inhibit crawling, sitting, and object manipulation and, therefore, may manifest as delays in motor development. Identification of infants with significant neonatal risk factors for tone abnormalities is important to allow for earlier therapeutic intervention.

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