The Impact of Physical Activity on Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Blood Pressure in Preadolescent Girls

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-395
Author(s):  
Suzanne B. Craig ◽  
Linda G. Bandini ◽  
Alice H. Lichtenstein ◽  
Ernst J. Schaefer ◽  
William H. Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Apo B

Objective. Inconsistent findings reported for the effect of physical activity on lipids, lipoproteins, and blood pressure in children may be due to errors inherent in the methods used to measure physical activity, lack of control for other cardiovascular risk factors, or both. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between physical activity assessed using direct measures of energy expenditure and cardiovascular risk factors, controlling for dietary intake and percent body fat. Methods. Nonresting energy expenditure was determined in 49 8- to 11-year-old girls from measurements of daily energy expenditure (using doubly-labeled water, 2H218O) and resting metabolic rate (using indirect calorimetry). Self-reported recall of the hours of participation in physical activities of at least moderate intensity (energy expenditure at least four times the resting metabolic rate, METS ≥4) during the previous year was also obtained. Percent body fat was estimated from the measurement of total body water with H218O. Concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (apo B), apo A-I, lipoprotein (a), insulin, and estradiol, as well as the waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and dietary intake from 7-day food records were measured Data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation and stepwise multiple regression. Results. Self-reported hours of participation in activities with METS (metabolic equivalents) of 4 or greater significantly predicted LDL-C and apo B concentrations, even after adjustment for percent body fat and percentage of dietary energy from saturated fat. Nonresting energy expenditure adjusted for weight, a measure of the energy spent on physical activity, did not predict LDL-C or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Body mass index and insulin concentration predicted systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Conclusions. These findings suggest that the intensity of physical activity may be a more important determinant of LDL-C in children than the energy spent on physical activity.

Speed of Movement, Fatness, and the Change in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwen Shang ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Haiquan Xu ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Ailing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Percent Body Fat

AbstractWe aimed to examine speed of movement and its interactive association with fatness to changes in cardiometabolic risk factors over one year in children. The analysis included 8345 children aged 6–13 years. Cardiometabolic risk score was computed by summing Z-scores of waist circumference, the average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (multiplied by −1), and triglycerides. Both high baseline and improvement in speed of movement were associated with favourable changes in percent body fat, lipids, and cardiometabolic risk score. Percentages of the association between baseline speed of movement and changes in cardiometabolic risk score, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol explained by baseline BMI were 24.6% (19.6–29.1%), 26.2% (19.7–31.1%), and 12.5% (9.6–15.4%), respectively. The corresponding number for percent body fat was 47.0% (40.4–54.1%), 43.3% (36.7–51.7%), and 29.8% (25.0–34.6%), respectively. Speed of movement mediated the association between fatness and cardiometabolic risk factors. Improved speed of movement was associated with a lower increase in blood pressure in obese children only. Speed of movement is a strong predictor of changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. Fatness and speed of movement are interactively associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Speed of movement may attenuate the positive association between fatness and blood pressure.

scholarly journals A Three Year Study of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Greek Adolescents

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Bouziotas ◽  
Yiannis Koutedakis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Chd Risk Factors

We examined the prevalence of 14 modifiable CHD risk factors in a sample of 210 provincial Greek children as they progressed from age 12 to 14. It was found that 46.2% of boys and 49.5% of girls (p > 0.05) exhibited three or more risk factors at their 12th year, with values of 42% for boys and 51.1% (p > 0.05) for girls for their 13th year, and 29.4% for boys and 55% (p < 0.001) for girls in their 14th year. Risk factors with the highest prevalence in both sexes included low vigorous physical activity, low aerobic fitness, and elevated body fatness. The fact that boys exhibited progressively fewer risk factors with age was mainly attributed to increased time spent on vigorous physical activity (P < 0.001) and higher predicted oxygen intake (P < 0.001) with a concomitant decrease in body fat (P < 0.001). The opposite pattern demonstrated by girls was primarily due to elevated predicted % body fat (P < 0.05), % saturated fat intake (P < 0.05), total cholesterol (TC; P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; P < 0.001), and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)/TC; P < 0.001). In conclusion, a high percentage of young adolescent Greek boys and girls exhibit three or more modifiable CHD risk factors. However, as the children progress from age 12 to 14, gender differences emerge regarding the development of their CHD risk profiles. The present data support the notion that preventive strategies for combating CHD should begin early in life.

scholarly journals Child Physical Activity Associations With Cardiovascular Risk Factors Differ by Race

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas M. Edwards ◽  
Heidi J. Kalkwarf ◽  
Jessica G. Woo ◽  
Philip R. Khoury ◽  
Stephen R. Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:The objective of this study was to characterize the relationship between objectively-measured physical activity (PA) and cardiovascular risk factors in 7-year-old children and test the hypothesis that it differs by race.Methods:Cross-sectional study of 308 7-year-old children drawn from a major US metropolitan community. PA (moderate-to-vigorous, MVPA; light, LPA; and inactivity, IA) was measured by accelerometry (RT3). Cardiovascular risk factors included BMI, blood pressure, and serum lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations. General linear modeling was used to evaluate the independent associations between PA measures and cardiovascular risk factors and interactions by race.Results:In black children, greater time spent in PA was independently associated with lower levels of triglycerides (MVPA and LPA, both p < .01), glucose (MVPA, p < .05), and insulin (MVPA, p < .01); these associations were not evident in white children. Across races, greater inactivity was independently associated with greater low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in overweight participants (p < .01) but not in normal weight participants. No PA measure was associated with BMI, systolic blood pressure, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Conclusions:In this cohort of 7-year-old children, the relationship between PA and some cardiovascular risk factors differed by race. These findings may have implications for targeting of PA promotion efforts in children.

scholarly journals High-intensity activity is more strongly associated with metabolic health in children compared to sedentary time: a cross-sectional study of the I.Family cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan Fridolfsson ◽  
Christoph Buck ◽  
Monica Hunsberger ◽  
Joanna Baran ◽  
Fabio Lauria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) during childhood is important for preventing future metabolic syndrome (MetS). To examine the relationship between PA and MetS in more detail, accurate measures of PA are needed. Previous studies have only utilized a small part of the information available from accelerometer measured PA. This study investigated the association between measured PA and MetS in children with a new method for data processing and analyses that enable more detailed interpretation of PA intensity level. Methods The association between PA pattern and risk factors related to MetS was investigated in a cross- sectional sample of children (n = 2592, mean age 10.9 years, 49.4% male) participating in the European multicenter I. Family study. The risk factors examined include body mass index, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance and a combined risk factor score (MetS score). PA was measured by triaxial accelerometers and raw data was processed using the 10 Hz frequency extended method (FEM). The PA output was divided into an intensity spectrum and the association with MetS risk factors was analyzed by partial least squares regression. Results PA patterns differed between the European countries investigated, with Swedish children being most active and Italian children least active. Moderate intensity physical activity was associated with lower insulin resistance (R2 = 2.8%), while vigorous intensity physical activity was associated with lower body mass index (R2 = 3.6%), MetS score (R2 = 3.1%) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (R2 = 2.3%). PA of all intensities was associated with lower systolic- and diastolic blood pressure, although the associations were weaker than for the other risk factors (R2 = 1.5% and R2 = 1.4%). However, the multivariate analysis implies that the entire PA pattern must be considered. The main difference in PA was observed between normal weight and overweight children. Conclusions The present study suggests a greater importance of more PA corresponding to an intensity of at least brisk walking with inclusion of high-intense exercise, rather than a limited time spent sedentary, in the association to metabolic health in children. The methods of data processing and statistical analysis enabled accurate analysis and interpretation of the health benefits of high intensity PA that have not been shown previously.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk ◽  
Amanda E. Staiano
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adherence to pediatric 24-hour movement guidelines (moderate to vigorous physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) and cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods:The sample included 357 white and African American children aged 5–18 years. Physical activity, television viewing, and sleep duration were measured using questionnaires, and the 24-hour movement guidelines were defined as ≥60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity on ≥5 days per week, ≤ 2 hours per day of television, and sleeping 9–11 hours per night (ages 5–13 y) or 8–10 hours per night (ages 14–18 y). Waist circumference, body fat, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose were measured in a clinical setting.Results:A total of 26.9% of the sample met none of the guidelines, whereas 36.4%, 28.3%, and 8.4% of the sample met 1, 2, or all 3 guidelines, respectively. There were significant associations between the number of guidelines met and body mass index, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, triglycerides, and glucose. There were no associations with blood pressure or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Conclusions:Meeting more components of the 24-hour movement guidelines was associated with lower levels of obesity and several cardiometabolic risk factors. Future efforts should consider novel strategies to simultaneously improve physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep in children.

Aerobic Capacity, Obesity, and Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in Male Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 813-818
Author(s):  
Raymond R. Fripp ◽  
James L. Hodgson ◽  
Peter O. Kwiterovich ◽  
John C. Werner ◽  
H. Gregg Schuler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

Correlations between aerobic capacity, obesity, and atherosclerotic risk factors were evaluated in adolescents with low-to-moderate levels of physical fitness. Subjects with higher levels of fitness had a more favorable risk profile with decreased body mass index, lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and plasma triglyceride levels, and higher plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Simple linear regression analysis revealed an association between body mass index and blood pressure, plasma triglyceride and plasma highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol. The level of aerobic fitness as determined by exercise duration was also associated with the same atherosclerotic risk factors. However, multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that body mass index provided the largest explanation, by those variables examined, of the interindividual variance in blood pressure, plasma triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Aerobic fitness contributed only minimally to the variation in these risk factors. These findings suggest that if aerobic conditioning is used to modify atherosclerotic risk factors, it should be accompanied by a reduction in weight in adolescents with low-to-moderate levels of physical fitness.

scholarly journals Wuqinxi Qigong as an Alternative Exercise for Improving Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liye Zou ◽  
Yangjie Zhang ◽  
Jeffer Eidi Sasaki ◽  
Albert S. Yeung ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: The improvement of living standards has led to increases in the prevalence of hypokinetic diseases. In particular, multifactorial complex diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, are becoming more prevalent. Currently, developing effective methods to combat or prevent metabolic syndrome is of critical public health importance. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the existing literature regarding the effects of Wuqinxi exercise on reducing risk factors related to metabolic syndrome. Methods: Both English- and Chinese-language databases were searched for randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of Wuqinxi on these outcomes. Meanwhile, we extracted usable data for computing pooled effect size estimates, along with the random-effects model. Results: The synthesized results showed positive effects of Wuqinxi exercise on systolic blood pressure (SBP, SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.85, p < 0.001, I2 = 24.06%), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.00, p < 0.001, I2 = 61.28%), total plasma cholesterol (TC, SMD = 0.88, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.36, p < 0.001, I2 = 78.71%), triglyceride (TG, SMD = 0.87, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.24, p < 0.001, I2 = 67.22%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, SMD = 1.24, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.72, p < 0.001, I2 = 78.27%), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL, SMD = 0.95, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.46, p < 0.001, I2 = 82.27%). In addition, regression results showed that longer-duration Wuqinxi intervention significantly improved DBP (β = 0.00016, Q = 5.72, df = 1, p = 0.02), TC (β = −0.00010, Q = 9.03, df = 1, p = 0.01), TG (β = 0.00012, Q = 6.23, df = 1, p = 0.01), and LDL (β = 0.00011, Q = 5.52, df = 1, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Wuqinxi may be an effective intervention to alleviate the cardiovascular disease risk factors of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Age at period cessation and trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors across mid and later life

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Marie O'Keeffe ◽  
Diana Kuh ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Laura D Howe ◽  
Debbie Lawlor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo examine the association between age at period cessation and trajectories of anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from midlife to age 69 years.MethodsWe used data from the UK Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development to examine the association between age at period cessation and trajectories of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) from 36 to 69 years and trajectories of triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HbA1c from 53 to 69 years.ResultsWe found no evidence that age at period cessation was associated with trajectories of log triglyceride, LDL-C and HDL-C from 53 to 69 years and trajectories of SBP or DBP from 36 to 69 years, regardless of whether period cessation occurred naturally or due to hysterectomy. While we found some evidence of associations of age at period cessation with log BMI, log WC and log HbA1c, patterns were not consistent and differences were small at age 69 years, with confidence intervals that spanned the null value.ConclusionHow and when women experience period cessation is unlikely to adversely affect conventional cardiovascular risk factors across mid and later life. Women and clinicians concerned about the impact of type and timing of period cessation on conventional cardiovascular intermediates from midlife should be reassured that the impact over the long term is small.

Association of Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children 3–12 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 800-806
Author(s):  
Leigh M. Vanderloo ◽  
Jonathan L. Maguire ◽  
David W. H. Dai ◽  
Patricia C. Parkin ◽  
Cornelia M. Borkhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Background: This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity (PA) and a total cardio metabolic risk (CMR) score in children aged 3–12 years. Secondary objectives were to examine the association between PA and individual CMR factors. Methods: A longitudinal study with repeated measures was conducted with participants from a large primary care practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada. Mixed effects models were used to examine the relationship between parent-reported physical activity and outcome variables (total CMR score, triglycerides, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, weight-to-height ratio, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Results: Data from 1885 children (6.06 y, 54.4% male) with multiple visits (n = 2670) were included in the analyses. For every unit increase of 60 minutes of PA, there was no evidence of an association with total CMR score (adjusted: −0.02 [−0.014 to 0.004], P = .11]. For the individual CMR components, there was evidence of a weak association between PA and systolic blood pressure (−0.01 [−0.03 to −0.01], P < .001) and waist-to-height ratio (−0.81 [−1.62 to −0.003], P < .001). Conclusion: Parent-reported PA among children aged 3–12 years was not statistically associated with total CMR, but was weakly associated with systolic blood pressure and waist-to-height ratio.

Physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular health

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Twisk ◽  
Isabel Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Apo B

The incidence of morbidity and mortality related to CVD is rather low in a paediatric population. Studies investigating the relationship between physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular health in children and adolescents are therefore mostly limited to CVD risk factors as outcome measures. For this reason, this chapter will focus on the association of physical activity and physical fitness with CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. These risk factors can be divided into the so-called traditional CVD risk factors; that is, lipoproteins [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG)], blood pressure, body fatness, and diabetes, and ‘new’ CVD risk factors; that is, other lipoproteins [lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), apolipoprotein (apo)B, and apoA-1], coagulation and inflammation markers [fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP)], homocysteine, and heart rate variability.

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