scholarly journals Influence of Race in the Association of Diabetes and Heart Failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Tee Lu ◽  
Rusli Bin Nordin ◽  
Aizai Azan Bin Abdul Rahim ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Readmission Rates

Heart failure is a global public health problem with high mortality and readmission rates. Race and ethnicity are useful concepts when attempting to understand differential health risks and health disparities. With cardiovascular diseases accounting for most deaths globally, eliminating racial disparities in cardiac care has become a new challenge in cardiology. Significant racial differences exist in patients with heart failure. African American patients in the US have a significantly higher incidence of heart failure, lower ejection fraction and are younger at presentation compared to White, Hispanic and Chinese American patients. These findings are explained by a higher burden of risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and lower household incomes among African Americans. The authors believe that these findings are applicable to other racial groups across the globe. The prevalence of predisposing risk factors probably has a stronger influence on the incidence of heart failure than the racial factor alone. The interaction between race and diabetes mellitus has important public health implications for the management and prevention of heart failure.

scholarly journals Medication Error in Anaesthesia – A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Montosh Kumar Mondal ◽  
Beauty Rani Roy ◽  
Shibani Banik ◽  
Debabrata Banik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medication Error ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Medication error is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in medical profession . There is an increasing recognition that medication errors are causing a substantial global public health problem, as many result in harm to patients and increased costs to health providers.Anaesthesia is now safe and routine, yet anaesthetists are not immune from making medication errors and the consequences of their mistakes may be more serious than those of doctors in other specialties. Steps are being taken to determine the extent of the problem of medication error in anaesthesia. In this review, incidence, types, risk factors and preventive measures of the medication errors are discussed in detail.Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2014; 27(1): 31-35

scholarly journals PERSONAL HYGIENE AND ANTHELMINTIC CONSUMPTION IN PREVENTION OF ENTEROBIASIS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Ratna Muliawati ◽  
Mushidah Mushidah ◽  
Siti Musyarofah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Prevalence Odds Ratio

Background: Pinworm infection remains a global public health problem in Indonesia, with the highest prevalence in primary school–aged children. The government has made helminthiasis control efforts through annual deworming every six months, yet data on the enterobiasis prevalence and its risk factors are still limited. Purpose: This research aimed to determine the role of personal hygiene and anthelmintic or worm medicine consumption in the prevention of enterobiasis among primary school children. Methods: This research employed an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional design. The population used was primary school children in the Public Health Center (PHC) of Kaliwungu area, Kendal District, Central Java Province. The research sample was 150 students from first grade to third grade at 1 Primary Elementary School 1 Kutoharjo. The data sources were obtained from interviews of risk factors and perianal swab examinations. The data were analyzed by a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of pinworm infection among primary school children remains high (37.33%). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there are three determinant variables of pinworm infections: not washing hands with soap before eating (p < 0.01; Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) = 6.47; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 2.87 < POR < 14.59); not washing hands with soap after defecation (p = 0.01; POR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.40 < POR < 8.05); and not consuming anthelmintic drugs within the past six months (p = 0.03; POR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.08 < POR < 5.50). Conclusion: Hand washing habits and annual deworming are important factors to prevent pinworm infections.

scholarly journals Immunological Impacts of Diabetes on the Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birhanu Ayelign ◽  
Markos Negash ◽  
Meaza Genetu ◽  
Tadelo Wondmagegn ◽  
Tewodros Shibabaw
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Dual Burden

The interaction between diabetes and major world infections like TB is a major public health concern because of rapidly rising levels of diabetes. The dual burden of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a major global public health problem. Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of active and latent tuberculosis. Immune mechanisms contributing to the increased susceptibility of diabetic patients to TB are due to the defects in bacterial recognition, phagocytic activity, and cellular activation which results in impaired production of chemokines and cytokines. The initiation of adaptive immunity is delayed by impaired antigen-presenting cell (APC) recruitment and function in hyperglycemic host, which results in reduced frequencies of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells and its secretion of cytokines having a great role in activation of macrophage and inflammatory response of tuberculosis. In addition, impaired immune response and killing of intracellular bacteria potentially increase bacterial load, chronic inflammation, and central necrosis that facilitate bacterial dissemination and miliary tuberculosis. Understanding of the immunological and biochemical basis of TB susceptibility in diabetic patients will tell us the rational development of implementation and therapeutic strategies to alleviate the dual burden of the diseases. Therefore, the aim of this review was focused on the association between diabetes and tuberculosis, focusing on epidemiology, pathogenesis, and immune dysfunction in diabetes mellitus, and its association with susceptibility, severity, and treatment outcome failure to tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Diabetes Type 2 Development. Comparison of 6 Major Risk Factors Prevalence Between Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Patients from Bihor County and the Population with Normal Glucose Tolerance from Predatorr Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Vesa Cosmin Mihai ◽  
Popa Amorin Remus
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Modifiable Factors

AbstractDiabetes mellitus represents a public health problem because of its growing prevalence and the enormous costs for its treatment and complications. There are numerous risk factors for diabetes mellitus development but the most important ones are the modifiable factors. In Bihor County the prevalence of obesity and sedentary behaviour in the population of newly diagnosed patients are increased compared to their prevalence in the population without diabetes. Promotion of healthy eating habits and increased physical effort are the most important measures to prevent diabetes mellitus type 2, which accounts for 90-95% of total diabetes cases. Public health programs that bring together physicians, nutritionists, teachers and target groups (children, young people, obese and overweight people)must be initiated in general population from an early age and maintained in order to promote the adherence to a healthy lifestyle.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis Infection in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8877
Author(s):  
Noppon Popruk ◽  
Satakamol Prasongwattana ◽  
Aongart Mahittikorn ◽  
Attakorn Palasuwan ◽  
Supaluk Popruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Blastocystis Infection ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global public health problem with an increasing prevalence. DM increases the risk of infections caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. We examined the prevalence, subtypes, and risk factors of Blastocystis infection in patients with and without DM in central Thailand. Stool samples and questionnaires were obtained from 130 people in the DM group and 100 people in the non-DM group. Blastocystis infection was identified via a nested polymerase chain reaction and subtyped via sequencing of the partial small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. Analysis of potential risk factors was conducted via binary logistic regression. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis infection was 10.8%, including rates of 9% and 12.3% in the non-DM and DM groups, respectively. The most prevalent subtype was ST3, followed by ST1, and ST4. Factors that potentially increased the risk of Blastocystis infection include patients being >65 years old, the presence of DM, a DM duration of ≥10 years, a low level of education, and animal ownership. In conclusion, this is the first study of Blastocystis infection in DM, and a high prevalence was found among this population. Therefore, health education promoting sanitation and hygiene is necessary to reduce and prevent infection in the community.

Global Public Health Problem: Hypertension

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Laxmidhar Moharana ◽  
Shakti Ketan Prusty
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Hypertension is a big global public health problem. This research concentrates on exploring hypertension prevalence and its related causes in a Yemetu community located at Oyo States’ local in Nigeria. Hypertension is one of the most significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Growing on hydroxyl-butyrate as the primary source of carbon and nitrogen offered a strong competition for clones carrying new degrading enzymes, and antibiotic resistance competition established new determinants of antibiotic resistance from soil and oral flora. A descriptive & cross-sectional design was referred. Research included 804 participants of 171 households aged 18-90 years, chosen by cluster sampling methodology. It was a survey of the building to the building. World Health Organization (WHO) used STEP smart approach for tracking risk factors for chronic diseases (STEPS 1 & 2) to assess behavioral risk factors. Systolic blood pressure was described as hypertension. Overall hypertension prevalence was 33.1 percent (36.8 percent for males and 31.1 percent for females). The percentage of hypertension that is self-reported is 12.2%, as anti-hypertensive treatment actually accounted for 5.1%. The respondents mean age is 38.7 ±14.5 years. Respondents' BMI found to be 6.3%, 53.0%, 30.5% and 14.2% respectively for underweight, average, overweight and obese.

scholarly journals Chronic heart failure: New challenges and new perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S N Tereshchenko ◽  
I V Zhirov
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Readmission Rates ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Specialized Service ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Chronic heart failure is an important global public health problem. This is associated with extremely poor prognosis, high readmission rates, and substantial treatment costs in patients. The paper gives the main aspects of the setting-up of a specialized service to patients with heart failure.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Fetomaternal Outcomes of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Groof ◽  
Ghadeer Garashi ◽  
Hamid Husain ◽  
Shaikhah Owayed ◽  
Shaima AlBader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing global public health problem that can have short- and long-term health consequences for the mother and the child. Despite its criticalness, many countries still do not have the epidemiological data which could guide them in responding to the problem. Due to the lack of knowledge on GDM and the fact that diabetes and obesity are high in Kuwait, this study sought to estimate the prevalence of GDM and determine its risk factors and outcomes. Methods. This cross-sectional study enrolled 947 mothers living in Kuwait, who had given birth within the previous four years. Participants were recruited from primary health care clinics and public hospitals. GDM status was self-reported by the mother. Associations between exposures and outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Results. Of the 868 mothers with no prior history of diabetes mellitus, 109 (12.6%, 95% CI: 10.4, 14.8) reported having been given a GDM diagnosis during their last pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM increased with maternal age and prepregnancy body mass index. GDM was positively associated with caesarean section delivery (aOR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.17, 2.66) and fetal macrosomia (aOR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.14, 4.89). Conclusion. GDM is prevalent in Kuwait and is associated with poor maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. To date, GDM has received little attention, and there is a need for more research to identify and respond to individual and public health implications of GDM in Kuwait.

scholarly journals Suicide kills more peoples than any form of violence

Mediscope ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
A Sadek ◽  
AMA Anam ◽  
MSA Rashid ◽  
EB Akber ◽  
NT Khan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
Teenage Suicide ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

“Suicide is a tragic global public health problem. Globally, WHO said the death toll from suicide – at almost one million people per year – accounts for half of all violent deaths. Estimates suggest fatalities could rise to 1.5 million by 2020. Recently it’s been a great concern to examine suicide trends among teenage people. They are emotional and can’t tolerate difficult situation. They think it is a permanent problem so suicide is the only solution. Last year (2017) large number of SSC candidate students committed suicide in different districts due to not getting expected result. So this is the time to create awareness among society and also family support to child, otherwise no one can predict it. One day these victims will be their family members. Our review articles focuses on causes, risk factors and prevention of teenage suicide in country. Mediscope Vol. 6, No. 2: Jul 2019, Page 87-92

scholarly journals Demography and Risk Factors of Suicide in Bangladesh: A Six-Month Paper Content Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mohsin Ali Shah ◽  
Srijony Ahmed ◽  
S. M. Yasir Arafat
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Newspaper Reporting ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Background. Suicide is a global public health problem too often neglected by researchers and Bangladesh is not an exception. There is no suicide surveillance and nationwide study is yet to be conducted in the country.Objectives. This paper aimed to look into suicide based on newspaper reporting in Bangladesh focusing on the demographic variables and risk factors.Methods. 6 national newspapers were scrutinized from November 2016 to April 2017. Data were checked, cross-checked, and then analyzed with SPSS software.Results. In a duration of six months, a total of 271 cases were reported; age was found to be in the range of 11–70 years (26.67±13.47). 61% of the reported cases were below 30 years of age, 58% were female, 24% were students, 17% were house makers, 61% were from rural background, and 45% were married. Hanging was found to be the commonest method (82.29%); marital and familial discord remained a noticeable risk factor (34.32%). Family members and neighbors noticed 103 cases, and only 3 cases were found to have suicide notes.Conclusion. Suicide is an underattended public health problem in Bangladesh with few researches and paucity of literature. Establishment of national suicide surveillance is now a time demanded step.

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