scholarly journals Bioremoval of hazardous cobalt, nickel, chromium, copper and cadmium compounds from contaminated soil by Nicotiana tabacum plants and associated microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
О. A. Havryliuk ◽  
V. M. Hovorukha ◽  
A. V. Sachko ◽  
G. V. Gladka ◽  
I. O. Bida ◽  
...  

Contamination of soils with heavy metals leads to reduction of soil fertility, destruction of natural ecosystems and detrimental effects on the health of society by increasing content of metals in the food chains from microorganisms to plants, animals and humans. Bioremediation is one of the most promising and cost-effective methods of cleaning soils polluted with toxic metals. According to current researchers, microorganisms and plants have the genetic potential to remove toxic metals from contaminated sites. The method of thermodynamic prediction was used to theoretically substantiate the mechanisms of interaction of soil microorganisms and plants with heavy metals. According to the our prediction, exometabolite chelators of anaerobic microorganisms may increase the mobility of metals and thereby contribute to the active transport of metals and their accumulation in plants. Plants of Nicotiana tabacum L. of Djubek cultivar were used as plant material for the current investigation. The examined toxicants were heavy metals, namely cobalt (II), nickel (II), chromium (VI), copper (II) and cadmium (II). The aqueous solutions of metal salts were added to the boxes after two months of plants growing to the final super-high concentration – 500 mg/kg of absolutely dry weight of soil. Quantitative assessments of copper and chromium-resistant microorganisms were made by cultivation on agar nutrient medium NA with a gradient of Cu(II) and Cr(VI). The concentration of metals in soil and plant material (leaves, stems and roots) was determined by atomic absorption method. The study revealed that heavy metals inhibited the growth of the examined tobacco plants. This was expressed by the necrosis of plant tissues and, ultimately, their complete death. Despite this, all investigated heavy metals were accumulated in plant tissues during 3–7 days before death of plants. The uptake of metals was observed in all parts of plants – leaves, stems and roots. The highest concentrations of Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI) were found in the leaves, Cu(II) – in the roots. The results show that the bioremoval efficiency of the investigated metals ranged 0.60–3.65%. Given the super-high initial concentration of each of the metals (500 mg/kg), the determined removal efficiency was also high. Cadmium was the most toxic to plants. Thus, the basic points of the thermodynamic prognosis of the possibility of accumulation of heavy metals by phytomicrobial consortium were experimentally confirmed on the example of N. tabacum plants and metal-resistant microorganisms. The study demonstrated that despite the high initial metals concentration, rate of damage and death of plants, metals are accumulated inplant tissues in extremely hight concentrations. Soil microorganisms were observed to have high adaptation potencial to Cu(II) and Cr(VI). In anaerobic conditions, microorganisms presumably mobilize heavy metals, which later are absorbed by plants. The obtained results are the basis for the development of environmental biotechnologies for cleaning contaminated soils from heavy metal compounds.

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (37) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Mojtaba YAZDANI ◽  
Sara SAADATMAND ◽  
Shekoofeh ENTESHARI ◽  
Saeed HABIBOLAHI

Background: Silicon is a beneficial element for the plant, with the primary role in increasing plant resistance to heavy metals' toxicity and considering the importance of phytoremediation to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils. It could be used for the exogenous application for alleviating the harmful effects of heavy metals on the plant. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of Silicon in balancing the destructive effects of aluminum on Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Methods: the seedlings were grown under a hydroponic system using Long Ashton nutrient solution; the 15-day-old seedlings were exposed to Silicon (0, 0.5, 1.5 mM) for 110 days and afterward stressed by interactions of aluminum chloride (AlCl3.6H2O; 0, 100, 250, and 400 M). Result and Discussion: the interactive effects of Silicon significantly ameliorated the negative consequences of aluminum toxicity. The combination of Si 1.5 mM and Al 400 ?M produced the highest biomass in shoots (45.67 g). The simple effect of Si 1.5 mM (12.14 g) made the highest shoot dry weight. On the other hand, the highest quantity of root fresh and dry weight (12.52 and 3.22 g, respectively) was observed in Si 1.5 mM. Among the treatments, Si 0.5 mM + Al 100 ?M had the most stem height (38 cm) among interaction treatments. Similarly, photosynthetic pigments affected by Silicon, Al 250 ?M + Si 1.5 mM had the highest content of chlorophyll a (1.91 ?g/g FW), while Al 400 + 1.5 mM indicated the most increase in chlorophyll b (0.78 ?g/g FW) among interaction effects. This treatment by producing 0.663 ?g/g FW yielded the highest carotenoid content. The highest proline content in shoots and roots (69.54 and 81.46 ?g/g FW, respectively) were observed in the interaction of Al 400 ?M and Si 1.5 mM. Additionally, this treatment was observed to have the highest concentration of catalase (1.22 U/mg protein). The lowest malondialdehyde content was marked in Si 1.5 mM + Al 100 ?M (0.702 nM/g FW). Conclusion: overall, Glycyrrhiza Glabra L. seems to have high Al phytoremediation potential that can be enhanced with the exogenous application of a moderate Silicon level.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252229
Author(s):  
Tarek M. Galal ◽  
Loutfy M. Hassan ◽  
Dalia A. Ahmed ◽  
Saad A. M. Alamri ◽  
Sulaiman A. Alrumman ◽  
...  

The aim of the present investigation was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in the different organs of Pisum sativum L. (garden pea) grown in contaminated soils in comparison to nonpolluted soils in the South Cairo and Giza provinces, Egypt, and their effect on consumers’ health. To collect soil and plant samples from two nonpolluted and two polluted farms, five quadrats, each of 1 m2, were collected per each farm and used for growth measurement and chemical analysis. The daily intake of metals (DIM) and its associated health risks (health risk index (HRI) were also assessed. The investigated heavy metals were cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), silver (Ag), cobalt (Co) and vanadium (V). Significant differences in soil heavy metals, except As, between nonpolluted and polluted sites were recorded. Fresh and dry phytomass, photosynthetic pigments, fruit production, and organic and inorganic nutrients were reduced in the polluted sites, where there was a high concentration of heavy metals in the fruit. The bioaccumulation factor for all studied heavy metals exceeded 1 in the polluted sites and only Pb, Cu and Mn exceeded 1 in the nonpolluted sites. Except for Fe, the DIM of the studied heavy metals in both sites did not exceed 1 in either children or adults. However, the HRI of Pb, Cd, Fe, and Mn in the polluted plants and Pb in the nonpolluted ones exceeded 1, indicating significant potential health risks to consumers. The authors recommend not to eat garden peas grown in the polluted sites, and farmers should carefully grow heavy metals non-accumulating food crops or non-edible plants for other purposes such as animal forages.


Author(s):  
Alina DONICI ◽  
Claudiu Ioan BUNEA ◽  
Anamaria CĂLUGĂR ◽  
Eugenia HARSAN ◽  
Ionut RACZ ◽  
...  

The results showed diverse patterns of Pb, Cd, Zn, Co, Cu, Ni, Mn, Cr and Sn, in case of Pb in all areas exceeded the M.L.A (average 32.59 mg/kg while M.L.A. = 20 mg/kg), other elements shows high concentration that exceed the M.L.A. for Ferneziu and Săsar area. In the case of plant material also records exceedances of the M.L.A for Ferneziu and Săsar area, but in the Dura area there were no overtaking of M.L.A.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (37) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Mojtaba YAZDANI ◽  
Sara SAADATMAND ◽  
Shekoofeh ENTESHARI ◽  
Saeed HABIBOLAHI

Background: Silicon is a beneficial element for the plant, with the primary role in increasing plant resistance to heavy metals' toxicity and considering the importance of phytoremediation to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils. It could be used for the exogenous application for alleviating the harmful effects of heavy metals on the plant. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of Silicon in balancing the destructive effects of aluminum on Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Methods: the seedlings were grown under a hydroponic system using Long Ashton nutrient solution; the 15-day-old seedlings were exposed to Silicon (0, 0.5, 1.5 mM) for 110 days and afterward stressed by interactions of aluminum chloride (AlCl3.6H2O; 0, 100, 250, and 400 M). Result and Discussion: the interactive effects of Silicon significantly ameliorated the negative consequences of aluminum toxicity. The combination of Si 1.5 mM and Al 400 ?M produced the highest biomass in shoots (45.67 g). The simple effect of Si 1.5 mM (12.14 g) made the highest shoot dry weight. On the other hand, the highest quantity of root fresh and dry weight (12.52 and 3.22 g, respectively) was observed in Si 1.5 mM. Among the treatments, Si 0.5 mM + Al 100 ?M had the most stem height (38 cm) among interaction treatments. Similarly, photosynthetic pigments affected by Silicon, Al 250 ?M + Si 1.5 mM had the highest content of chlorophyll a (1.91 ?g/g FW), while Al 400 + 1.5 mM indicated the most increase in chlorophyll b (0.78 ?g/g FW) among interaction effects. This treatment by producing 0.663 ?g/g FW yielded the highest carotenoid content. The highest proline content in shoots and roots (69.54 and 81.46 ?g/g FW, respectively) were observed in the interaction of Al 400 ?M and Si 1.5 mM. Additionally, this treatment was observed to have the highest concentration of catalase (1.22 U/mg protein). The lowest malondialdehyde content was marked in Si 1.5 mM + Al 100 ?M (0.702 nM/g FW). Conclusion: overall, Glycyrrhiza Glabra L. seems to have high Al phytoremediation potential that can be enhanced with the exogenous application of a moderate Silicon level.


1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Chamon ◽  
MN Mondol ◽  
SM Ullah

Pot experiments with soil from two heavy metals contaminated sites were conducted. The objective of the experiment was to test red mud as an inorganic soil amendment to reduce heavy metal uptake and to alleviate toxicity in tomato (variety- Ratan) and wheat (variety- Agrani) crops. Iron (Fe) oxides contained in red mud, a byproduct of the aluminum industry, reduced soil to plant transfer of zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr). In Hazaribagh soil, tomato fruit yield (dry weight) increased by 72%. Shoot length and biomass production were positively influenced by red mud containing high amounts of Fe2O3. Heavy metal uptake into tomato plants was significantly ameliorated in both soil. On Tejgaon soil the effect of red mud on wheat grain yield production was not significantly different but the ameliorative effect of red mud application was clearly observed in the wheat grain samples for Tejgaon soil. Key words: Red Mud; Wheat; Tomato; Remediation; Heavy metals DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i4.4602 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(4), 479-484, 2009


2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 608-612
Author(s):  
Yan Fang Ren ◽  
Jun Yu He ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Yan Chao Zhang ◽  
Hui Qing Chang

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL.) is able to accumulate cadmium in leaves and reduction of cadmium content can reduce health hazards to smokers. In the present study, the influence of silicon on the growth, yield and the content and distribution of cadmium (Cd) in flue-cured tobacco plants in the presence of cadmium was investigated by pot experiment. The results showed that Cd reduced the growth of both shoots and roots. Application of Si significantly increased the dry weight of roots and shoots in flue-cured tobacco grown in Cd contaminated soils, but not the largest leaf area. Si reduced the Cd concentration and accumulation in the root, stem and leaf of flue-cured tobacco compared with Cd alone. Si restricted the transport of Cd from roots to shoots. These results demonstrate that 1 and 2 g/kg Si could enhance Cd tolerance in flue-cured tobacco and decrease of Cd accumulation in plant and Cd translocation to shoots.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3360
Author(s):  
Mahrous Awad ◽  
M. A. El-Desoky ◽  
A. Ghallab ◽  
Jan Kubes ◽  
S. E. Abdel-Mawly ◽  
...  

Accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) by ornamental plants (OPs) from contaminated agriculture soils is a unique technique that can efficiently reduce the metal load in the food chain. Amaranthus tricolor L. has attractive characteristics acquiring a higher growth rate and large biomass when grown at heavy metal contaminated soils. Site-specific detailed information is not available on the use of A. tricolor plant in metal phytoremediation from the polluted sites. The study aimed to enhance the uptake of HMs (Pb, Zn, and Cu) via amending poultry litter extract (PLE), vinasse sugarcane (VSC), and humic acid (HA) as natural mobilized organic materials compared to ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), as a common mobilized chemical agent by A. tricolor plant. The studied soils collected from Helwan, El-Gabal El-Asfar (Cairo Governorate), Arab El-Madabeg (Assiut Governorate), Egypt, and study have been conducted under pot condition. Our results revealed all organic materials in all studied soils, except EDTA in EL-Gabal El-Asfar soil, significantly increased the dry weight of the A. tricolor plant compared to the control treatment. The uptake of Pb and Zn significantly (p > 0.05) increased due to applying all organic materials to the studied soils. HA application caused the highest uptake as shown in Pb concentration by more than 5 times in Helwan soil and EDTA by 65% in El-Gabal El-Asfar soil while VSC increased it by 110% in El-Madabeg soil. Also, an increase in Zn concentration due to EDTA application was 58, 42, and 56% for Helwan, El-Gabal El-Asfar, and El-Madabeg soil, respectively. In all studied soils, the application of organic materials increased the remediation factor (RF) than the control. El-Madabeg soil treated with vinasse sugarcane gave the highest RF values; 6.40, 3.26, and 4.02% for Pb, Zn, and Cu, respectively, than the control. Thus, we identified A. tricolor as a successful ornamental candidate that, along with organic mobilization amendments, most efficiently develop soil health, reduce metal toxicity, and recommend remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. Additionally, long-term application of organic mobilization amendments and continued growth of A. tricolor under field conditions could be recommended for future directions to confirm the results.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Galina Yurievna Samoilenko ◽  
Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Bondarevich ◽  
Natalia Nikolaevna Kotsyurzhinskaya ◽  
Igor Anatolyevich Boriskin

The paper presents data on the content of gross and mobile forms of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in the soils of Chita and its surroundings. The paper contains a comparative analysis of the accumulation (Kn) and movement (KP) coefficients of these microelements in organs ( Potentilla tanacetifolia Willd. ex Schlecht.), relative to their gross content and mobile forms in soils. The authors have revealed that soil samples of the studied sites contain unequal gross amount of heavy metals. In some points (6 and 3) the content of cadmium and zinc exceeded the Mac, that is why such soils have been attributed to heavily polluted. The index of biological activity on mobile forms of heavy metals in all sites significantly exceeded the same index on gross forms. It was found that Potentilla tanacetifolia are accumulators of heavy metal ions. Aboveground bodies accumulate and absorb cadmium and copper especially intensively, thus the content of mobile forms of these metals in the soil is insignificant. Excessive adsorption of trace elements in the phytomass of plants can be connected with surface contamination. According to the content of zinc and lead, the accumulation values in the organs of P. tanacetifolia were characterized by small coefficient values, against the background of their high concentration in the soil.


1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Parven ◽  
MA Bashar ◽  
SB Quraishi

Bioaccumulation of heavy and essential metals was examined in duckweed (first trophic level) and in a pyralid insect larva (second and successive trophic level) in two different ponds e.g. organic and inorganic ponds. Hospital's waste-materials and inorganic fertilizers were used as duckweed nutrients in organic pond and inorganic pond, respectively. A total of 24 water, duckweed and insect samples were used for analysis of essential and heavy metals. Toxic metals were found to transmit and persist in duckweed. The insect is a duckweed consumer in pond ecosystem. Persistence of heavy metals and essential metals was evidenced in the insect when its larval stages were examined. Nine heavy/essential metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, Cr, Fe and Hg) were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). All of these trace metals were greater in evidence in organic pond than the inorganic pond. Some heavy and essential metals did not bio-accumulate from duckweed to insect larval body. Some toxic metals such as Lead, Copper, Manganese and Cobalt were evidenced at high concentration in water, duckweed and insect larvae. The experimental results indicated that persistence of heavy/essential metals occurred in successive trophic levels of pond ecosystem. Key words: Duckweed, pyralid insect, heavy and essential elements, bio-accumulation, pond ecosystem, trophic level DOI: 10.3329/jbas.v33i1.2957 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 1, 131-138, 2009


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2392
Author(s):  
Kouser Majeed Malik ◽  
Khalid Saifullah Khan ◽  
Shah Rukh ◽  
Ahmad Khan ◽  
Saba Akbar ◽  
...  

Due to the scarcity of water, raw sewage effluents are often used to irrigate arable suburban soils in developing countries, which causes soil contamination with toxic metals. Soil microorganisms involved in biochemical transformations are sensitive to heavy metals contamination. The study was designed to investigate the effect of organic amendments on the microbial activity of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) fractions and their bioavailability in soils contaminated with wastewater irrigation. Three metal contaminated soils under wastewater irrigation were collected, ground, sieved and added to incubation jars. Two organic amendments: wheat straw and chickpea straw, were applied (1% w/w) to the soil before incubation for 84 days at 25 °C. The CO2-C evolution after 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days was measured and thereafter was also measured weekly. Soil samples collected at 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 days after incubation were analyzed for microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Sequential extraction for metal fractionation of samples was carried out collected at 0, 28, 56 and 84 days. Three soils differed significantly in evolved MBC and ∑CO2-C. Chickpea straw addition significantly increased soil MBC as compared to the wheat straw. Organic amendments significantly increased ∑CO2-C evolution from the soils, which was higher from chickpea straw. The addition of crop residues did not affect total Pb, Cd and Zn contents in soils. The concentration of exchangeable, carbonate bound and residual fractions of Pb, Cd and Zn decreased (6–27%), while the organic matter bound fraction increased (4–75%) with straw addition. Overall, the organic amendments improved microbial activity and reduce the bioavailability of toxic metals in wastewater irrigated soils. Furthermore, organic amendments not only reduce economic losses as they are cheap to produce but also minimize human health risks from heavy metals by hindering their entry into the food chain.


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