scholarly journals Correction of the object of social experiments D. A. Stolypin

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
O. М. Приймак ◽  
Ю. O. Приймак
Keyword(s):  
Social Experiment ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Social Experiments ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Economic Ties

The publication deals with the problem of correction of an object that occurred during the social experiment carried out by one of the first Russian sociologists, a follower of Auguste Comte, Dmitry Arkadievich Stolypin (1818 – 1893). In accordance with the level of development of sociological science of the last quarter of the XIX century the definition of the concept of «social experiment» was formulated. The reasons for the social experiment, conducted by D.A. Stolypin during 1874 – 1893 in Mordvinovka Village of Berdyansk District of Taurida Governorate (present Mordvinovka Village in Melitopol District of Zaporozhye Region) were identified. Among them, as the main ones, are indicated the crisis of landlord economy and peasant land shortage, in the conditions of the development of agrarian capitalism in the south of Ukraine. It is proved that the goal of the social experiment completely coincided with the direction of the search for social support in the village by the imperial top. The analysis of historical sources allowed the authors to establish that its essence was to create rental farms on landowner lands increasing the profitability of the latter and to popularize among the local peasantry the leading forms of intensive local economic management. Research revealed that in accordance with the sociological concept of D.A. Stolypin local peasants were the object of the experiment, who were asked to break economic ties with the rural community and get the farm in the medium-term lease. The formulation of criteria for comparative analysis made it possible to distinguish three stages in the course of the experiment – 1874-1877 years, 1878-1888 years, 1889-1893 years. The main argument in favor of such approach was not the fact of introducing changes in lease agreements with farmers as much as the involvement of peasants from different social strata in the experiment. Authors found that at the first stage farmers were the representatives of the kulak and prosperous strata of the peasantry, at the second – among the wealthy tenants there were peasants of medium welfare, and at the third – the wealthy and middle peasants were equally divided. The intermediate results of the social experiments by D.A. Stolypin, which were researched in terms of improvements of material facilities, increasing the area of cultivated land and monetary incomes, including farmers in the channels of upward vertical social mobility and changing their social status. At the same time, the article emphasizes that scientific heritage of O. Comte, A. Smith, G. Spencer, as well as the foreign experience of agrarian transformations and knowledge of local economic traditions which were used by sociologist-amateur betrayed the ideas of the formed farm settlement. Social experiment D.A. Stolypin is described in the publication as the longest in the history of national sociology.

scholarly journals Public charity as the activity of Ust-Sysolsk “local community” in the second half of XIX century

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Anna K. Gagieva
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The article discusses the social charity of “local community” in Ust -Sysolsk in the second half of the XIX century. We define “local community” as a voluntary, self-determining citizens association, designed or not properly executed legally for the solution of urgent problems of non-productive and non-commercial nature. The aim of the work is to study public charity as an activity of “local community” in Ust-Sysolsk in the second half of the XIX century. The provisions of the work can be used for educational and methodological materials on the subject “History of Finno-Ugric regions and countries”, “History of everyday life”, “History of the Komi Republic” and others. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach, which includes structural, legal, historical and other methods of research. The materials are based on published and unpublished historical sources, such as legislative materials, statistics, documentation, as well as archival materials. Central Russia and the Urals had already introduced charities in the mid of XX century, while in the research area public charity was just beginning and was manifested through the social work of the Russian Orthodox Church, amateur associations and companies. Forms of public charity varied: fundraising, purchase of tools, equipment and materials for events and others. Public charity, “local community”, in Ust-Sysolsk developed within the framework of modernization processes of the second half of the nineteenth century. It led to the evolution of «local community» into a civil society. The emergence of new public organizations and active public charity contributed to the development of new forms of self-organization. In the city of Ust-Sysolsk, there was an upsurge of public life and public performance. The appearance of self-governing organizations “local community” was facilitated by the loyal policies of the district and provincial government. As historical sources show that we can talk about mutual understanding and cooperation between the authorities and the “local community”. Carrying out public charity, it provided public functions of traditional culture maintenance, the organization of leisure, cultural and educational activities.

scholarly journals THE SPACE OF RUMORS IN THE PSKOV PROVINCE IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE XIX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (06) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
V.A. Koshelkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Space ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
High Importance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pskov Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time

The article presents the history, geography and content of the rumors circulating among the inhabitants of the Pskov province in the first third of the XIX century. The historiography and source base on this problem are studied. The documents revealing the content of the rumors are concentrated in the files of the 20 Fund of the State Archive of the Pskov Region. Based on the analysis of these sources, a periodization of the rumor circulation was made. The main periods of spreading rumors in the Pskov province include July – August 1812, 1822–1826, 1826–1830, and the beginning of the 1830s. The author identifies the reasons that prompted the emergence of rumors among the residents of the Pskov Region. The reaction of the ordinary population of the province to the war rumors of 1812 is revealed on separate examples. Special attention is also paid to the reaction of the provincial authorities to the spread of false rumors in all periods of their circulation. The author draws conclusions about the high importance of rumors in the study of the history of the social space of the Pskov province in the first third of the XIX century. The work is relevant due to the fact that it is in recent decades that the attention of the historical community to the issues of social history has significantly increased. The uniqueness of this study lies in the fact that a number of historical sources are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF INFORMATION VALUE OF CONFESSIONAL STATEMENTS IN HISTORICAL LITERATURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Anzhelika N. Evdokimova
Keyword(s):  
Information Value ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Synodic Period ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parish Clergy ◽  
Xix Century

The article considers the achievements of modern Russian historiography in the field of compiling documents for demographic census registration by the parish Orthodox clergy in the synodic period of the Russian Orthodox Church. Among the problems that have been the most reflected, especially in the regional historiography of recent decades are the external features of confessional statements, changes in their forms during the XVIII–XIX centuries, the estates groups and strata represented in them, changes in the composition of parish families over several years, the gender and age composition of parishioners, migration processes within a one particular locality. The greatest value undoubtedly is the statistical data on the performance of Christian sacraments of confession and communion by parishioners. The works of researchers who analyze and use ecclesiastical signed documents, note a huge information potential of this type of historical sources. Ecclesiastical signed documents reveal not only the peculiarities in the social structure of an individual parish, diocese or eparchy as a whole. They are a fairly reliable indicator of the population’s introduction to the Orthodox faith and rites, especially beginning from the early XIX century, when the possibilities of data falsification by the parish clergy were minimized. This type of mass sources, such as signed documents, makes it possible to consider the history of everyday life, household and housing conditions, the distance of the village to the temple. The revealed shortcomings in ecclesiastical signed documents include the following: fixing the population only present in the parish, giving amorphous reasons for non-fulfillment of the sacraments such as «failure», «negligence», inaccurate determination of parishioners’ age in remote parish villages, real attitude of believers to the church and dogmas.

Vyshnivetsky Castle Library of Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky – Historical Book Heritage and Object of Bibliological and Historical Reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Iryna Tsiborovska-Rymarovych
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Images ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Definition Of

The article has as its object the elucidation of the history of the Vyshnivetsky Castle Library, definition of the content of its fund, its historical and cultural significance, correlation of the founder of the Library Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky with the Book.The Vyshnivetsky Castle Library was formed in the Ukrainian historical region of Volyn’, in the Vyshnivets town – “family nest” of the old Ukrainian noble family of the Vyshnivetskies under the “Korybut” coat of arm. The founder of the Library was Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky (1680–1744) – Grand Hetman and Grand Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilno Voievoda. He was a politician, an erudite and great bibliophile. In the 30th–40th of the 18th century the main Prince’s residence Vyshnivets became an important centre of magnate’s culture in Rich Pospolyta. M. S. Vyshnivetsky’s contemporaries from the noble class and clergy knew quite well about his library and really appreciated it. According to historical documents 5 periods are defined in the Library’s history. In the historical sources the first place is occupied by old-printed books of Library collection and 7 Library manuscript catalogues dating from 1745 up to the 1835 which give information about quantity and topical structures of Library collection.The Library is a historical and cultural symbol of the Enlightenment epoch. The Enlightenment and those particular concepts and cultural images pertaining to that epoch had their effect on the formation of Library’s fund. Its main features are as follow: comprehensive nature of the stock, predominance of French eighteenth century editions, presence of academic books and editions on orientalistics as well as works of the ideologues of the Enlightenment and new kinds of literature, which generated as a result of this movement – encyclopaedias, encyclopaedian dictionaries, almanacs, etc. Besides the universal nature of its stock books on history, social and political thought, fiction were dominating.The reconstruction of the history of Vyshnivetsky’s Library, the historical analysis of the provenances in its editions give us better understanding of the personality of its owners and in some cases their philanthropic activities, and a better ability to identify the role of this Library in the culture life of society in a certain epoch.

The Roman Retail Revolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Roman World ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Bodies Of Evidence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

Tabernae were ubiquitous among all Roman cities, lining the busiest streets and dominating their most crowded intersections, and in numbers not known by any other form of building. That they played a vital role in the operation of the city—indeed in the very definition of urbanization—is a point too often under-appreciated in Roman studies, or at best assumed. The Roman Retail Revolution is a thorough investigation into the social and economic worlds of the Roman shop. With a focus on food and drink outlets, and with a critical analysis of both archaeological material and textual sources, Ellis challenges many of the conventional ideas about the place of retailing in the Roman city. A new framework is forwarded, for example, to understand the motivations behind urban investment in tabernae. Their historical development is also unraveled to identify three major waves—or, revolutions—in the shaping of retail landscapes. Two new bodies of evidence underpin the volume. The first is generated from the University of Cincinnati’s recent archaeological excavations into a Pompeian neighborhood of close to twenty shop-fronts. The second comes from a field survey of the retail landscapes of more than a hundred cities from across the Roman world. The richness of this information, combined with an interdisciplinary approach to the lives of the Roman sub-elite, results in a refreshingly original look at the history of retailing and urbanism in the Roman world.

THE HISTORY OF THE CONQUEST OF THE KHIVIN KHANATE BY THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE FROM FOREIGN SOURCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Ilhom Juraev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Political Economic

In this article, the author analyzes McGahan's novels “Campaigning on the Oxus, and the Fall of Khiva” which is about the history of Uzbekistan, and distinguishes that these novels according to their peculiarities highlight the history of Uzbekistan particularly the last quarter of XIX century when the valley invaded by Soviet Russia and author shared his thoughts on the basis of historical sources and gave some summaries.Relying on these summaries we obtain necessary information about the valley’s political, economic and cultural life

Kinship and Friendship: The Perception of Family by Clergy and Laity in Late Medieval London

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Murray
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Popular Piety ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rural England

One of the most persistent and frustrating problems which the social historian faces is that of gaining access to private lives in the past. This is true for all periods, but it is especially so for the Middle Ages. There are some letters available, but they tend to be scarce and limited in nature. Another type of document which proves a useful means of entry into medieval life is the testament. The information it contains is often of an intensely personal nature and allows the reader to understand the testator's relationships with others.The wealth of information contained in testaments is only beginning to be fully exploited. In his article “Fifteenth and Sixteenth-Century Wills as Historical Sources,” Michael L. Zell has demonstrated the breadth of information which these documents contain and points the way to many areas of further investigation. The usefulness of testamentary evidence to trace inheritance patterns and the disposition of property is well established. Eleanor S. Riemer has used testaments from Siena to examine the economic position of women. W. K. Jordan used wills extensively in his three volume study of charity in urban and rural England. More recently, Joel T. Rosenthal employed them to study gift-giving patterns among the English aristocracy. Wills have been used as sources for the study of religious values and popular piety, as a means of investigating the patterns of epidemic disease, and of tracing the spread of literacy. Historians have also begun to use testamentary evidence in the investigation of family life. For the history of the English family, the use of testamentary evidence is just beginning.

scholarly journals Truth as a sociocultural phenomenon: modern interpretation

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Marina G. Volnistaya ◽  
Eka D. Korkiya ◽  
Agamali K. Mamеdov
Keyword(s):  
Science Research ◽  
Correspondence Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Epistemology ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Contemporary Epistemology

The history of science in any of its transformations and metamorphoses is, in fact, a search for and definition of the truth. As an example, I. Kant’s famous four questions start with the question «What can I know?». Thus, the search for truth as a subject of research has been a dominating force throughout human history. Of course, sociology as a social meta-science is also involved in this topic. A simple assertion of the existence of three concepts of truth, namely accordance, agreement and advantage, does not fully answer the prerequisites of contemporary discourse. The present article analyses a new discourse on the study of truth in contemporary science. We give a brief retrospective analysis of the main fields of truth interpretation. At the same time, these directions are not just listed but linked into the general outline of contemporary epistemology. Of course, a greater bias is made towards the sciences of the social and humanitarian profile. That, however, does not exclude the necessary portion of the data of natural science research. In the article these data are not used as demonstrations, but as independent meta-scientific research. We give various examples of the complementarity of different branches of science. In particular, we show the scope and relative limitation of such concepts as correspondence theory, evolutionary epistemology, socio-humanitarian cybernetics, adaptationism and neo-adaptationism. A significant place in the article is occupied by the problem of truth in artistic creation. We also give sustainable conclusions about the polyphonicity of truth and its flickering character.

scholarly journals The social work professionalisation project before the 1990s in Aotearoa New Zealand: The dream

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Critical Consideration

INTRODUCTION: The meaning and purpose of social work has always been debated within the social work profession. The profession dreams of contributing towards a better, fairer, civil society locally and internationally. This article explores the professionalisation of social work in Aotearoa New Zealand. This exploration has been undertaken as background for an ongoing research project.METHOD: A critical consideration of the different theoretical and historical dimensions and interests at work that impacted on the journey of professionalisation of social work in this country has been undertaken based on a review of literature. Part one of the article outlines a definition of social work, and different concepts and approaches to professionalisation. Part two of the article contextualises the different approaches to professionalisation within Aotearoa New Zealand, from early forms of welfare pre-colonisation up until the early 1990s.CONCLUSION: The literature and trends discussed serve to both document the history of professionalisation of social work in Aotearoa New Zealand and as background to an ongoing critical research project which aims to uncover interests at work and interrogate the legitimacy of those interests, while enabling the voices of key actors from the time to surface, be explored, and be recorded.

scholarly journals Russian Archaeology in Palestine

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Леонид Беляев ◽  
Leonid Belyaev
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

The paper summarizes the findings of the historiographic and archaeological fieldwork focused on the preservation and development of the scientific heritage of the Russian scientists of the 19th — early 20th centuries in the area of the Syro-Palestinian region that most closely matches the concept of the “Holy Land”. The author identifies three core directions of development in the Russian archaeology: field study of the traces of the Russian pilgrims, scientists, representatives of the government and the Orthodox Church; study of antiquities in some Russian areas; insights into the heritage of the 19th — early 20th centuries as historical sources with its further inclusion in the system of modern scientific knowledge. The paper describes the findings obtained to date (including the interim results of excavations in Jericho, the scientific interpretation of a number of artefacts from the collection of Antonin Kapustin, the first catalogues of archaeological sites in the Russian areas). The author focuses on expanding fieldwork, classifying and attributing antiquities, launching them in circulation at the level of modern science, creating a monograph on the history of the Russian studies in the 19th — early 20th centuries.

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