scholarly journals Contamination of Ain Djenane’s water source of the city Tiaret (Algeria) by nitrates, nitrogen and phosphates

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-681
Author(s):  
M. Chafaa ◽  
K. Naceur ◽  
Y. Omar ◽  
M. Maatoug ◽  
M. Kharitonov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Source ◽  
National Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nitrates Content ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Very High

Several levies have been made in the groundwater of Ain Djenane of the Tiaret region (Algeria) during the period of April to May 2016 at the level of several wells located in urban areas. These levies have been the subject of analysis according to the techniques of the quality of the water assessment and the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The physical characteristics show that the water is of good quality. Very high nitrate rate has revealed with the chemical analyzes. The physico-chemical analysis has shown that studied wells have toxic substances concentrations below the WHO and national standards. It was indicated a strong contamination with nitrates (98.19±2.46 mg/l), nitrogen (18.0±3.33mg/l), phosphates (0.487±0.06 mg/l), and the contents of suspensions (851.76±18.1 mg/l), respectively. These concentrations are bigger than the standards recommended by the WHO (2006) and the standards of Algeria. The presence very high nitrates content in these waters could constitute a significant health risk to human health.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical quality of drinking water in the Njoro sub-county in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-507
Author(s):  
Philip Ruciaka Kirianki ◽  
Edward Muchiri ◽  
Natasha Potgieter
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Source ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Standard Assessment ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Njoro sub-county in Kenya suffers from constant water shortages causing the residents to rely on both improved and unimproved water sources in the area. The households in the sub-county also use different household storage containers to store drinking water in times when water is not readily available. This study was therefore undertaken to assess selective physico-chemical parameters of water used by the population for drinking purposes using standard assessment methods. A total of 372 water source samples and 162 storage container water samples were tested over a period of three months. Turbidity (0.70–273.85 NTU), iron (0.7–2.10 mg/L), fluoride (0.15–4.01 mg/L), manganese (0.01–0.37 mg/L), and nitrate (0.09–27.90 mg/L) levels in water samples were generally higher than the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) and/or the World Health Organization (WHO) water quality recommendations for safe drinkable water. The results from this study support the need for continuous monitoring and treating drinking water at the points of collection and of consumption to minimize the long-term health effects on communities consuming this water.

scholarly journals The influence of medical and geographical factors on the appearance and development of allergic rhinitis and eczema among school children in Belgrade

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Sanja Topalovic
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
School Children ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
International Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
Asthma And Allergy ◽  
City Core ◽  
Health Organization

Allergic rhinitis and eczema represent ailments which are increasingly linked with urban areas. Although they do not belong to illnesses which are predominantly caused by geographical factors, their importance for the development of these illnesses will be considered in this paper. As an example of the influence of urban environment on the development of these illnesses, the city core of Belgrade (the area included in the General Urban Plan) is taken into consideration. The emphasis is put especially on the quality of air, industry, traffic and the conditions for living. The research is based on tracking these illnesses among children, considering the frequent appearance of these illnesses especially among school children. The survey, whose results were partly presented in this research paper, was an important method for examining the subject matter of this paper. Namely, the above mentioned survey was realized in the International Study of Asthma and Allergy among children (ISAAC), which was conducted by World Health Organization (WHO), 156 centres from 56 countries took part. Among them, there were four centres from Serbia: Belgrade, Nis, Podgorica and Sombor.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Electrodialysis and Nanofiltration in Nitrate Removal from Groundwater

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
J Touir ◽  
S Kitanou ◽  
M Zait ◽  
S Belhamidi ◽  
M Belfaquir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Nitrate groundwater contamination is of major interest all over the world. This problem arises in agricultural regions across Morocco. An excess amount of nitrate causes a serious problem in urban water networks and human health. Because of these health risks, considerable attention has been paid to find effective treatment processes to reduce nitrate concentrations to safe levels. The World Health Organization has set an acceptable level for nitrate in drinking water at 50 mg/L. The aim of this study is to reduce the nitrate concentration from groundwater using two membrane processes: Electrodialysis (ED) and Nanofiltration (NF). Efficiencies of these two technologies are compared in respect to nitrate ions removal, cost process and final quality of water. The results of technologies show that, for electrodialysis standards level can be achieved for a demineralization rate of 15% and the physico-chemical quality of the produced water is satisfactory. For nanofiltration we obtain a nitrate removal of 90% but the produced water is very de-mineralized and must be remineralized.

Bacteriological quality of the wastewater used for irrigation at the vegetable farms in Korle-bu Teaching Hospital, Accra Metropolis, Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
George A Pesewu ◽  
Daniel Bentum ◽  
Michael A Olu-Taiwo ◽  
Kathreen K Glover ◽  
Dzidzo R Yirenya-Tawiah
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Health Organization

Many developing countries, including Ghana, are water stressed. As such, farmers, particularly those in urban areas, have adopted the use of wastewater for irrigation. This study evaluated the bacteriological water quality of the wastewater used for irrigation in the vegetable farms at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Accra Metropolis, Ghana. In all, 40 wastewater samples were collected and analysed bacteriologically using the total aerobic plate count method. The isolated bacteria were identified biochemically using Bergey’s manual for determinative bacteriology. Mean total bacterial colony count values in the range of 2.75–4.44 × 105 CFU/100 mL were isolated which far exceeds values of 1 × 103/100 mL recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for unrestricted irrigation of crops likely to be eaten raw. Enterobacter cloacae (51.4%), Klebsiella sp. (24.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.3%), Salmonella typhi (10.6%), Escherichia coli (2.2%) and Proteus sp. (0.4%) were the predominant bacteria isolated. Growers should use treated wastewater for farming while processors and consumers should minimize contamination risks of produce from the vegetable farms/garden to the plate.

scholarly journals Developing Age-Friendly Cities and Communities: Eleven Case Studies from around the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Samuèle Rémillard-Boilard ◽  
Tine Buffel ◽  
Chris Phillipson
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Global Network ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Health Organization

Developing age-friendly cities and communities has become a key part of policies aimed at improving the quality of life of older people in urban areas. The World Health Organization has been especially important in driving the ‘age-friendly’ agenda, notably through its Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities, connecting 1114 (2020 figure) cities and communities worldwide. Despite the expansion and achievements of the Network over the last decade, little is known about the progress made by cities developing this work around the world. This article addresses this research gap by comparing the experience of eleven cities located in eleven countries. Using a multiple case study approach, the study explores the key goals, achievements, and challenges faced by local age-friendly programs and identifies four priorities the age-friendly movement should consider to further its development: (1) changing the perception of older age; (2) involving key actors in age-friendly efforts; (3) responding to the (diverse) needs of older people; and (4) improving the planning and delivery of age-friendly programs. The article concludes by discussing the research and policy implications of these findings for the age-friendly movement.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Quality of the water Table of Temara the Salted Rabat Region Kenitra, Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1371-1374
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physicochemical Quality ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
The Impact

Water is a vital element for the development and maintenance of life on our planet, for which it is necessary to preserve and ensure the continual persistence of water, not only to provide man with a sufficient quantity for these needs but to assure him an ir upright quality of this water. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the physicochemical quality of the water of the Temara water and the comparison of this quality with Moroccan and international standards. Physico-chemical analyzes showed true variations in the different parameters studied, related to the impact of agricultural activities. The physicochemical characterization of the samples revealed a pH close to neutrality and relatively high salt contents. The chloride content was between 14.20 and 958.5 mg / l. For nitrate and nitrite load varies and 0.5 mg/L and 5.7 mg / L. These parameters of pollution were relatively high , compared to the average concentrations usually met for Moroccan drinking .The results obtained clearly exceed the standards of WHO (World Health Organization). Effluents therefore constitute a health risk. In conclusion, the pretreatment of these waters is strongly recommended.

scholarly journals QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA UTILIZADA PARA IRRIGAÇÃO DE HORTALIÇAS NA REGIÃO DE BOTUCATU-SP

Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Morato Fávero de Fravet ◽  
Raimundo Leite Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Source ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Water Classification ◽  
National Environment ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization

QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA UTILIZADA PARA IRRIGAÇÃO DE HORTALIÇAS NA REGIÃO DE BOTUCATU-SP  Ana Maria Morato Fávero de Fravet; Raimundo Leite CruzDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, [email protected]  1 RESUMO Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho verificar a qualidade da água utilizada para irrigação por produtores de hortaliças da região de Botucatu-SP.Foram entrevistados 27 produtores que vendem hortaliças nas feiras livres de Botucatu. Dentre estes produtores, foram selecionados dez, sendo um de cada localidade.Foram coletadas três amostras de água de cada fonte. Os principais padrões para avaliar os resultados obtidos foram os da Resolução do CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente) N° 357, de 17 de março de 2005, que estabelece os padrões para classificação dos corpos de água.A Condutividade Elétrica foi avaliada segundo valor sugerido pela CETESB e a cor foi verificada conforme a OMS (Organização Mundial da Saúde), para água potável devido a Resolução do CONAMA não estipular um valor para classificação.Para a saúde pública, apenas os coliformes e o nitrato são as variáveis preocupantes por estarem relacionados com a incidência de doenças, assim, das águas analisadas, 40% delas (produtores A, F, H e J) oferecem algum tipo de risco para a saúde da população de Botucatu, segundo padrão estabelecido pelo CONAMA.Podemos concluir que, de maneira geral, essas águas, encontram-se em condições não alarmantes, pois não apresentam valores muito diferentes daqueles estabelecidos pela legislação. UNITERMOS: classificação dos corpos de água, saúde pública, coliformes, nitrato.   FRAVET, A, M. M. F. de; CRUZ R. L. QUALITY OF WATER USED FOR VEGETABLE IRRIGATION IN BOTUCATU AREA  2 ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the quality of water used for irrigation by vegetable farmers in Botucatu area.27 farmers that sell vegetables in the street markets of Botucatu were interviewed. Among them, ten were selected. Each one was from a different place of the studied area.Three water samples from each water source were collected. In order to evaluate the obtained results, the main used standard was the one used by CONAMA (National Environment Council) resolution No. 357, March 17, 2005, because it establishes the standard for water classification.The Electric conductivity was evaluated according to values suggested by CETESB, but water color was verified according to WHO (World health organization) standard for drinking water because the CONAMA resolution does not determine classification values for that.For public health, just coliforms and nitrate are the preoccupying variables because they are related to the incidence of diseases. 40% of analyzed waters (A, F, H and J farmers) offer some risk to Botucatu population’s health, according to the standard established by CONAMA.We can conclude that in general analyzed waters are in non-alarming conditions and do not present very different values from those established by the legislation. KEYWORDS: water classification, public health, coliforms, nitrate.

scholarly journals Assessment of River and Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Domestic Uses in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D Shinde ◽  
K. A Patil ◽  
P. A Sadgir
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Godavari River ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The ongoing degradation of the water quality of central Maharashtra’s basaltic aquifer is of great concern for different authorities and agencies involved in the water sector in the Maharashtra, India. The Kham river, which is one of the major tributaries of the Godavari river, receives all domestic and industrial waste water from the Aurangabad city. The river, with no natural flow in the dry season, is extensively used for irrigation. In order to evaluate the quality of river and groundwater in the study area, eight river water and forty groundwater samples along right and left bank of the Kham river were collected and analyzed for various parameters. Physical and chemical parameters of the river and groundwater such as pH, TDS, EC, SO4, NO3 and heavy metals like Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, and Cu were determined. The results show that the river and groundwater of the area is generally unfit for domestic uses. Most of the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals in the river and groundwater samples have higher value than the World Health Organization (WHO, 2006) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 2003) guidelines.

High fluoride drinking water in Gokwe, northwest Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Mamuse ◽  
Ron Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Fluoride ◽  
Health Organization

More than 200 million people worldwide are exposed to excessive fluoride in drinking water. According to the World Health Organization, the optimal concentration range of fluoride in drinking water is 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L. Above this range, populations may contract dental fluorosis or, in severe cases, crippling skeletal fluorosis. In the Gokwe area in NW Zimbabwe, where drinking water contains up to 11 mg/L fluoride, fluorosis prevalence has previously been estimated at 62%. This paper investigates the water quality of 126 water sources in Gokwe (58 pumped boreholes, 15 flowing artesian boreholes, 46 wells and 7 streams). The water chemistry, determined from high performance ion chromatography and field measurements, showed that the water source types exhibit significantly different (P < 0.05) concentrations of F−, Cl−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, temperatures, pH and conductivity values. Thirty-five (28%) of the 126 water sources (18 pumped boreholes, 15 artesian boreholes, one well and one stream) contained F− > 1.5 mg/L, indicating that fluoride contamination in the area is a characteristic of deeper groundwater, possibly due to its interactions with the potentially fluoridic coaly and carbonaceous materials of the Lower Karoo Aquifer at depth. The plausibility of providing alternative low fluoride water, and defluoridation, should be investigated.

scholarly journals Use of Municipal and Industrial Wastewater in and around Nangal for Construction purposes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
Health Organization

Water is one of the vital needs of all living beings for daily activities like drinking, washing, bathing etc. It is the most important factor in shaping the land and regulating the climate. The quality of water for drinking and other activities if does not satisfy the standard conditions of physical, chemical and biological characteristics as prescribed it then becomes ineffective. The quality of water is usually described according to its. Hence it becomes necessary to find the suitability of water for various purposes like drinking, irrigation and Industrial purposes. Rapid industrialization and use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural lands, discharge of voluminous municipal and industrial waste waters are causing deterioration of water quality vis-à-vis depleting of aquatic biota. This ultimately causes massive pollution not only to the rivers, ponds and wells but also drastically degrade the quality of groundwater. Research have been undertaken to use such type of waste water in different construction purposes. It is absolutely true that demand of fresh water by the construction sector is expected to increase due to high increase in the growth of construction activities in India (Dhanraj, 2017). Highly polluted Sutlej river in Punjab has been a constant encouragement to the environmentalists about reusing the contaminated water of the river. A total of 14 water samples from different point sources of pollution were collected and tested for physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, DO, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS), metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) and microbiological parameter using World Health Organization (WHO) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) standards to justify how the strength of concrete goes on varying with respect to using the river water directly. An attempt was made to justify the use of wastewater directly in preparing concrete for construction purposes by testing concrete cubes prepared by the untreated water and comparing them with the strength of standard cubes.

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