scholarly journals Analysis of potate quality: In vitro versus clonal propagation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Y. Fedoruk ◽  
M. Grabovskyi ◽  
L. Pravdyva ◽  
N. Ostrenko ◽  
T. Lozinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Late Potato ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Seed Growing

Potato, one of the most important food crops in the world, is susceptible to viruses, which reduce its yield and production efficiency. The resistance of potatoes to viral infection is an essential factor in the preservation of the variety’s productive qualities. In addition, there are several ways of selection for recovering and obtaining the initial seed material that is free from viruses for further reproduction in the seed growing of potatoes. It should be noted that in the literature the issues of medium-late potato varieties resistance to viral diseases in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine are not fully covered, which has become the subject of our research. In our studies we used the material obtained by the method of improving selections, as well as using thermotherapy and apical meristem culture. Over the years of reproduction both meristematic and seed material from improving selections, the virus infestation in plants wasn’t changed significantly, provided that all seed growing events were observed. It has been proven that the yield of super-super-elite of Lybid variety is not significantly changed depending on the method of obtaining the initial material. The variety Gorlitsa has higher yield in the plantations formed by clonal propagation. It has been established that the yield of variety Lybid super-elite varies, but not significantly, depending on the method of obtaining the initial material. The variety Gorlitsa has a higher super-elite yield when using the initial material from clonal propagation in breeding nurseries with use of improved selections. Significant influence on the manifestation of the sign, both in the cultivation of super-super-elites and super-elites, has the weather conditions of the year and the biological characteristics of the variety. In 2017, the highest yield of tubers was obtained at Gorlitsa – 3.74·104 kg ha-1, at Lybid the lower yield was 2.43·104 kg ha-1. In 2018, the highest yield of tubers was formed by Lybid variety – 3.50·104 kg ha-1, and the lowest was byt Gorlitsa variety – 2.56·104 kg ha-1.

scholarly journals Закономірності формування урожайності насіння проса прутоподібного в умовах Лісостепу України

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
М. І. Кулик ◽  
І. І. Рожко
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Number Of Stems

Акцентовано увагу на необхідності дослідження особливостей формування урожайності насіння проса прутоподібного (світчграсу) для забезпечення виробничих площ достатньою кількістю насіннєвого матеріалу. Здійснено спроуа визначення залежності урожаю насіння від елементів технології вирощування у зв’язку з погодними умовами веґетаційного періоду. Експеримент із вивчення насіннєвої продуктивності світчграсу проведено в умовах Лісостепу з використанням методичних рекомендацій вітчизняних та зарубіжних авторів. За результати дослідження визначено комплексний вплив елементів технології вирощування на фоні контрастних умов веґетації культури на урожайність насіння світчграсу. Встановлено, що на урожайність насіння світчграсу мають вплив погодні умови вирощування (середньодобова температура повітря та кількість опадів) протягом веґетаційного періоду. Найбільша урожайність насіння формується за вирощуванні рослин за ширини міжряддя 60 см, Як ширші, так і вужчі міжряддя зменшують даний показник. Визначено рівнозначний вплив біометричних показників рослин (висоти та кількості стебел) на урожайність насіння світчграсу. При цьому застосування весняного підживлення посівів певною мірою нівелює негативний вплив погодних умов. The article focuses attention on the necessity of studying the peculiarities of the formation of switchgrass yield for providing productive areas with sufficient amount of seed material. An attempt to determine the dependence of yield on the elements of cultivation technology in connection with the weather conditions of the growing season has been made. The experiment on studying seed efficiency of switchgrass was carried out under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe using methodolo-gical recommendations of domestic and foreign authors. The yield of seed was determined by weighing method by weighing the seed material from each variant of the field experiment. In our study we used both general scientific methods (dialectics, experiment, analysis and synthesis) and special ones, among them: laboratory – the determination of quantitative indices of plants (height and density of stems); field – determination of the interaction of the subject with the object of research; calculation-weight – establishment of seed productivity and yield of seeds; mathematical analysis of interconnections and graphical representation of data in the experiment.  Complex influence of the cultivation technology elements during the contrast conditions of crop vegetation upon the switchgrass yield has been established. It has been determined that the weather conditions (average daily air temperature and rainfall) during the growing season influenced on switchgrass yield. The highest seed yield is formed by growing plants at a width of rotation of 60 cm, both wider and narrowed row spacings reduce this figure. The equivalent effect of biometric indices of plants (height and number of stems) on the yield of the seed of the switchgrass is determined. At the same time the application of spring crop yields to some extent offsets the negative effects of weather conditions.  Application of fertilizers in plant cultivation with row spacing of 60 cm – from 0.57 t/ha to 0.72 t/ha has the greatest influence on swithgrass yield. Both increase and decrease of the width of row spacing leads to decrease of  crop yield. Swithgrass yield depends on the height of the plants by 25% under the coefficient of correlation r = 0.51 and by 23% – on the number of stems according to the correlation coefficient r = 0.48.

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

Influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-steppe

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
R.O. Myalkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
The Right

Goal. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods.Field, analytical and statistical. Results.It was established that among the mid-range varieties Divo stands out with a yield of 42.3 t/ha, Malin white – 39.8 t/ha, and Legend – 37.1 t/ ha. The most favourable weather and climatic conditions for the production of potato tubers were for the Divo 2011 variety with a yield of 45.9 t/ha and 2013 – 45.1 t/ha. For the Legenda variety 2016, the yield of potato tubers is 40.6 t/ha and 2017 – 43.2 t/ha. Malin White 2013 is 41.4 t/ha and 2017 42.1 t/ha. The average varieties of potatoes showed a slightly lower yield on average over the years of research. However, among the varieties is allocated Nadiyna – 40.3 t/ha, Slovyanka – 37.2 t/ ha and Vera 33.8 t/ha. Among the years, the most high-yielding for the Vera variety was 2016 with a yield of 36.6 t/ha and 2017 year – 37.8 t/ha. Varieties Slovyanka and Nadiyna 2011 and 2012 with yields of 42.6 and 44.3 t/ha and 46.5 and 45.3 t/ha, respectively. Characterizing the yield of potato tubers of medium-late varieties over the years of research, there was a decrease in this indicator compared with medium-early and middle-aged varieties. However, the high yield of the varieties of Dar is allocated – 40.0 t/ha, Alladin – 33.6 t/ha and Oxamit 31.3 t/ha. Among the years, the most favourable ones were: for Oxamit and Alladin – 2011 – 33.5 and 36.5 t/ha, and 2017 – 34.1 and 36.4 t/ha, respectively. Favourable years for harvesting varieties were 2011 and 2012 with yields of 45.7 and 45.8 t/ha. Thus, the highest yield of potato tubers on average over the years of studies of medium-early varieties of 41.2-43.3 t / ha were provided by weather conditions of 2011 and 2017 years, medium-ripe varieties 41.0-41.1 - 2012 and 2011, medium- late 37,6-38,5 t / ha - 2012 and 2011, respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of Cytokinins in Combination with GA3on Shoot Multiplication and Elongation of Tea Clone Iran 100 (Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Azadi Gonbad ◽  
Uma Rani Sinniah ◽  
Maheran Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Solid Media

The use ofin vitroculture has been accepted as an efficient technique for clonal propagation of many woody plants. In the present research, we report the results of a number of experiments aimed at optimizing micropropagation protocol for tea (Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze) (clone Iran 100) using nodal segments as the explant. The effect of different combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGR) (BAP, TDZ, GA3) on shoot multiplication and elongation was assessed. The influence of exposure to IBA in liquid form prior to transfer to solid media on rooting of tea microshoots was investigated. The results of this study showed that the best treatment for nodal segment multiplication in terms of the number of shoot per explant and shoot elongation was obtained using 3 mg/L BAP in combination with 0.5 mg/L GA3. TDZ was found to be inappropriate for multiplication of tea clone Iran 100 as it resulted in hyperhydricity especially at concentrations higher than 0.05 mg/L. Healthy shoots treated with 300 mg/L IBA for 30 min followed by transfer to 1/2 strength MS medium devoid of PGR resulted in 72.3% of shoots producing roots and upon transferring them to acclimatization chamber 65% survival was obtained prior to field transfer.

Rapid clonal propagation of rhubarb by in vitro culture of shoot-tips

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Roggemans ◽  
Marie-Christine Claes
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Shoot Tips

scholarly journals Optimation of In vitro Lateral Shoots Multiplication of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) “Callina” with BAP and NAA

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Darda Efendi ◽  
Mirza R Putra
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Set Up

Papaya is a popular fruit and is grown commercially in many subtropical and tropical countries. Papayas are generally grown from seeds; therefore the offsprings are not true-to-type and could come in three sexes, female, male, and hermaphrodite. Clonal propagation is required to obtain to grow true-to-type hermaphrodite papayas. In this research, we developed an in vitro protocol for shoot multiplication from lateral shoots from in vitro germinated papaya seedlings. The in vitro propagated plant materials could potentially be used as a source of papaya micro cuttings, or as scion for papaya grafting. The experiment was set up as a factorial experiment with NAA at 0, 0.1 and 0.5 mg.L-1, and BAP at 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg.L-1 in a completely randomized block design. BAP interacted with NAA in affecting the shoot production per explant. The optimum BAP and NAA concentration to produce lateral shoots was 0.54 mg. L-1 and 0.1 mg.L-1, respectively. Media without NAA reduced the number of lateral shoots and number of leaf per explant at any BAP concentration.Keywords: hermaphrodite, seeds, true to type, clonal propagation, micro cuttings.

scholarly journals Impact of foliar fertilizing on the white mustard productivity in the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukaraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
A.V. Melnyk ◽  
S.V. Zherdetska ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Gulam Shabir ◽  
S.O. Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Training Research

The experimental studies were carried out on the fields of the Sumy NAU Training Research and Production Complex (TRPC) during 2016–2018.The soil of the experimental plot is typical deep-medium humus, large-dusty and medium-loam black soil on forest trees. The subject of the research was a white mustard variety of Oslava created at the Institute of Feed and Agriculture of the Podillya NAASU, entered in the Register of varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine in 2010. The aim of the research is to optimize the nutrition of the white mustard variety of Oslava through the complex application of mineral fertilizers and foliar fertilization under the conditions of the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. The analysis of weather conditions, in particular the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov (HTC), established that 2016 season was wet (HTC = 1.60), 2017 and 2018 were dry (HTC = 0.59 and 0.46). During the research, the cultivation technology was generally accepted in the experimental area, except for the elements studied. The results of the three-year study on the influence of foliar fertilizing under different mineral nutrition backgrounds on the yield of the white mustard variety Oslava are presented. It was found that the application of mineral fertilizers and complex fertilizers for the foliar feeding had a positive effect on the morphometric parameters of the white mustard, in particular, increased the plant height and the number of branches of the first order. The use of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N30P30K30 provided an increase in the yield by 0.34 t/ha, N60P60K60 – by 0.55 t/ha, N90P90K90 – by 0.61 t/ha on an average compared to the control. Therefore, for the maximum yield (2.14–2.21 t/ha) with a mass of 1000 seeds (5.39–5.54 g) of the white mustard under the conditions of the Northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, foliar fertilizing of Vuxal boron (3.0 l/ha) + Vuxal bioaminoplant 3.0 l/ha) and Spectrum B + Mo (2.0 l/ha) + Spectrum Ascorist (3.0 l/ha) should be applied on the background of N60-90P60-90K60-90, what provided an increase in the yield compared to the control of 0.58-0.65 t/ha.

scholarly journals Highly Productive Pine Forests in a Changing Climate

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Nina F. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
Elena S. Klushevskaya ◽  
Elena Yu. Amineva
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Vital State

Forest steppe of the Central Chernozem Region (CCR) of Russia belongs to the zone of highly productive pine forests. In 2015, for the first time a partial destabilization of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was recorded within the territory of the CCR. It affected the population, organism and cellular levels of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The destabilization was caused by the 8-year heatwave of 2007–2014 followed by a sharp drop in the water table and four severe droughts (2007, 2010, 2012, and 2014). The analysis was carried out on two sites of pine forest plantations growing in the environmentally sound region: the Stupino test site (Voronezh region, typical plantation for the CCR) and the Usman site (Lipetsk region, lands with elevated groundwater level). The results of morphological, cytogenetic and biochemical studies of model trees of the Stupino test site during the following periods are presented: 4 optimal years in terms of weather conditions, 2014 drought year and 2015 destabilization year. It was found that prolonged hydrothermal stress resulted in the transition of pine from the basic equilibrium state to a slightly nonequilibrium state. The trigger mechanism for changing their vital state was a severe autumn soil drought in 2014, after which the plants became weakened right before winter. A decrease in cone bioproductivity by the traits of seed fullness and the total number of seeds per cone, a change in population sampling structure, an increase in the number of mitosis pathologies, and an increase in proline content in needles were observed despite optimal weather conditions in 2015. The recovery of species was studied for three subsequent optimal years on the example of the Stupino and Usman populations. Experimental data indicate that the processes of vital state normalization involve profound changes in metabolism and require certain energy expenditures. It took the Stupino population longer to return to the regional norm, which indicates a different depth of destabilization of the tree genetic material of the studied populations. For citation: Kuznetsova N.F., Klushevskaya E.S, Amineva E.Yu. Highly Productive Pine Forests in a Changing Climate. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 9–23. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-9-23

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