scholarly journals Pests of oil producing cabbage crops in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
S.V. Stankevych ◽  
M.D. Yevtushenko ◽  
I.V. Zabrodina ◽  
A.V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
False Flax ◽  
The World

Today the major oil producing crops from the Brassicaceae family in the world and Ukraine are winter rape (Brassica napus oleifera bienis D. C.) and spring rape (Brassica napus oleifera annua Metzg.). At present the acreage of these crops in the world is over 40 million hectares, and in Ukraine there are more than 1 million hectares. Less common crops are white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and Chinese mustard (Brassica juncea Gzem.). The world acreage under the mustard crops is about 3,0 million hectares (in Ukraine there are about 100 thousand hectares). Other oil producing crops from the cabbage family such as spring winter cress (Brassica campestris L.), winter rape (Brassica rapa oleifera DC), winter false flax (Camelina sativa subsp. pilosa N. Zinge), spring false flax (Camelina sativa var. Glabrata (DC.), oily radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers) and black mustard (Brassica nigra (L.) Koch) occupy only a small area, while the Abyssinian mustard (Crambe abyssinica Hosts. ex. RE Fr.) is not grown in our country at all. It is impossible to obtain high and stable yields of all agricultural crops without protection of plants from the harmful insects. The losses of the crops due to the pests are huge, especially during the mass reproduction of the insects. The entomocomplex of agroceonoses of oil producing cabbage crops is extremely rich and contains several hundred species. As a result of their vital functions more than 50% of the crops can be lost and as far as 25-55% growth increase in the yield can be reached due to the pollinating insects. Despite the short-term existence of agroceonoses of spring oil producing cabbage crops (90-120 days) their entomofauna is characterised by a considerable diversity of species composition. During the vegetation periods in 2007–2019 in the fields of the Educational, Research and Production Centre “Research Field” of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaiev and the State Enterprise “Research Farm “Elitne” of the Institute of Plant Growing named after V.Ya. Yuriev of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine we have found 54 species of specialised and multi-faceted pests of oil producing cabbage crops that belong to eight lines and 22 families. Among them 29 species are the specialised pests and 25 are multi-faceted ones. The frequency of the pest species occurrence on the crops is the following: eight species (15%) populate the crops on a mass scale, six species (11%) are moderately spread, and 40 species (74%) have a low population density. The cabbage bug, mustard bug, ground cabbage aphid, rose chafer, rape blossom beetle, mesographe flea beetle, flea beetle and diamond black moth belong to the species that populate the crops on a mass scale. Among them four species belong to the Coleoptera line, two species belong to the Hemiptera line, one species belong to the Homoptera line and one species belong to the Lepidoptera line. The representatives of the Coleoptera line dominate; their proportion in the entomological community structure is 48% (26 species). The economic importance of these pests is not the same and greatly depends on the population density and phenophase of the crop development as well as on weather conditions.

scholarly journals The health condition of spring oilseed crops in relation to the fungi colonising their seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Majchrzak ◽  
Tomasz P. Kurowski ◽  
Zofia Karpińska
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
False Flax ◽  
Gray Mould ◽  
Spring Rape

The research was conduced in the years 1999-2000. The aim of the research was to determine the health condition of overground parts and seeds of the following spring oilseed crops: crambe (<i>Crambe abbysinica</i> Hoechst.) cv. B o r o w s k i, false flax (<i>Camelina sativa</i> L.) cv. B o r o w s k a, spring rape (<i>Brassica napus</i> ssp. <i>oleifera</i> L.) cv. M a r g o and oleiferous radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> var. <i>oleiferus</i> L.) cv. P e g l e t t a. In all the years of the research alternaria blight was found on the leaves and siliques of spring rape and oleiferous radish and on the leaves and stems of crambe. False flax proved to be weakly infected by pathogens. On its leaves gray mould (<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>) was found in all the years of the research. The disease was found on the siliques only in 1999. In 2000 powdery mildew was found on spring rape and false flax (respectively, <i>Erysiphe crucifearum</i> and <i>E.cichoracearum</i>). The weather conditions affected the intensity of the diseases on the studied spring oilseed crops. <i>Alernaria</i> genus, especially <i>A.alternata</i> was most commonly isolated from the seeds of examined plants. It constituted from 37% (in crambe) to 63,3% (in spring rape) of all the isolates. Of the remaining pathogenic species, numerous fungi of the <i>Fusarium</i> genus (<i>F.avenaceum, F.culmorum, F.equiseti</i> and <i>F.oxysporum</i>) were isolated. They constituted from 1,0% (false flax) to 17,3% (crambe) of the isolates.

RESISTANCE TO THE FLEA BEETLE PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN FALSE FLAX, CAMELINA SATIVA (BRASSICACEAE)

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palaniswamy Pachagounder ◽  
Robert J. Lamb ◽  
Robert P. Bodnaryk
Keyword(s):  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
False Flax ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
High Level

AbstractFeeding damage by the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), was assessed on 51 accessions of false flax, Camelina sativa L., and compared with damage to seven other crucifer species. Three experiments were conducted on seedlings in laboratory arenas infested with field-collected beetles. Feeding damage was estimated visually at daily intervals for up to 7 days. Natural infestation of false flax and other crucifers was observed in the field. Flea beetles fed little (0–10% consumption) on cotyledons or true leaves of any of the false flax accessions, and fed more (59–100% consumption) on the other crucifers. Flea beetles were observed sitting on false flax in the field, sometimes in high numbers, but they did not feed. In the laboratory, beetles eventually fed on cotyledons and leaves and once feeding was initiated, it tended to continue. Resistance in false flax may result from the absence of cues that initiate feeding, rather than a feeding deterrent. The high level of resistance in false flax would likely be economically beneficial if this species is developed as an oilseed crop. False flax could also be useful experimentally for identifying the cues that attract flea beetles to plants and stimulate their feeding.

Westward Palaearctic range expansion of Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) and its arrival at Mediterranean coastal regions of Turkey and Syria

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-272
Author(s):  
Onat Başbay ◽  
Mudar Salimeh ◽  
Eddie John
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
Invasive Pest Species ◽  
Papilio Demoleus

We review the continuing and extensive spread of Papilio demoleus in south-eastern Turkey and in regions of Turkey and Syria adjacent to the north-eastern Mediterranean. Since the authors documented the arrival of this attractive but potentially destructive papilionid species at coastal areas of Syria in 2019, regular monitoring has confirmed successful overwintering there, as well as in Turkey. As previously indicated, P. demoleus is widely recognized as an invasive pest species in Citrus-growing areas of the world and hence its arrival is of potential economic importance to a region in which citrus is widely grown.

scholarly journals Plant-Based Drugs and Vaccines for COVID-19

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Nasir Mahmood ◽  
Sarah Bushra Nasir ◽  
Kathleen Hefferon
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
The World ◽  
Antiviral Proteins

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has turned our own health and the world economy upside down. While several vaccine candidates are currently under development, antivirals with the potential to limit virus transmission or block infection are also being explored. Plant production platforms are being used to generate vaccines and antiviral proteins inexpensively and at mass scale. The following review discusses the biology and origins of the current coronavirus pandemic, and describes some of the conventional, synthetic, and plant-based approaches to address the challenge that it presents to our way of life.

scholarly journals The impact of herbicides on the weed infestation and yield of false flax (Camelina Sativa) in the southern wooded steppe of Omskaya oblast

2021 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 012066
Author(s):  
Yu V Frizen ◽  
E V Nekrasova ◽  
T V Nozhenko ◽  
M N Kozhevina
Keyword(s):  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
False Flax ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The effect of false flax (Camelina sativa) cake dietary supplementation in dairy goats on fatty acid profile of kefir

2014 ◽  
Vol 122 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pikul ◽  
Jacek Wójtowski ◽  
Romualda Danków ◽  
Joanna Teichert ◽  
Grażyna Czyżak-Runowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
False Flax

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON THE YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENT OF FALSE FLAX (Camelina sativa L.) CRANTZ)

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf ARSLAN ◽  
İlhan SUBAŞI ◽  
Duran KATAR ◽  
Recep KODAŞ ◽  
Hasan KEYVANOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
False Flax ◽  
Different Levels

Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) injury to Brassicaceae in field trials in northeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Andreassen ◽  
Juliana Soroka ◽  
Larry Grenkow ◽  
Owen Olfert ◽  
Rebecca H. Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Ethiopian Mustard ◽  
Contarinia Nasturtii ◽  
Oriental Mustard

AbstractTo determine resistance of Brassicaceae field crops to Contarinia Róndani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) midge complex (Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer and Contarinia undescribed species), field trials of two different host assemblages were undertaken near Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada in 2014 and repeated in 2015. In both years the first midge adults appeared in early July, when most plants were starting to flower, and a second generation occurred in mid-August, past the period of crop susceptibility. In a trial studying 18 lines of six brassicaceous species, the lowest probability of midge injury was found on Camelina sativa (Linnaeus) Crantz lines in both years. No differences were found in the probability of midge injury among any of the 13 Brassica Linnaeus species lines tested, including commercial glyphosate-resistant and glufosinate-resistant Brassica napus Linnaeus canola lines, Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata Braun), brown or oriental mustard (Brassica juncea (Linnaeus) Czernajew), or Polish canola (Brassica rapa Linnaeus) lines. Probability of midge injury on Sinapis alba Linnaeus yellow mustard lines reached levels between those on Camelina sativa lines and those on Brassica lines. A second trial examining 14 current commercial glyphosate-resistant Brassica napus canola cultivars found no differences in susceptibility to midge feeding among any cultivars tested. More plants were damaged in 2015 in both studies, and damage reached maximum levels earlier in 2015 than in 2014.

When is fall feeding by flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on canola (Brassica napus L.) a problem?

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Juliana J. Soroka ◽  
Larry F. Grenkow
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Late Season ◽  
The Third ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Seed Yields

Soroka, J. J. and L. F. Grenkow. 2012. When is fall feeding by flea beetles ( Phyllotreta spp., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on canola ( Brassica napus L.) a problem? Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 97–107. Two cultivars of Brassica napus canola were seeded in mid-May and early June in three field experiments in each of 3 yr near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, to determine the effects of late-season flea beetle feeding on seed yields. In the first experiment, canola was sprayed with insecticide late in the summer to eliminate naturally-infesting flea beetles. In the second, 1×1×1.5 m screen cages were placed over early- and late-seeded canola at flowering and infested with flea beetles as canola matured. In the third investigation, sleeve cages were placed over individual plants and infested with 100 flea beetles. Flea beetles had no detrimental effects on early-seeded canola in any experiment, but did affect seed yields of late-seeded plots in some trials. Over two cultivars in 1 year, late-seeded plants in cube cages infested with about 350 flea beetles per plant when lower pods were turning from translucent to green in colour reduced yield by 241 kg ha−1 over control yields. Seed weights in these late-seeded plots were decreased from 2.68 g per 1000 seeds in uninfested cages to 2.44 g per 1000 seeds in infested cages. Populations of 100 flea beetles per plant in sleeve cages had no effect on harvest parameters in any seeding date or year.

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