scholarly journals Influence of heavy metals on hematologic parameters, body weight gain and organ weight in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
N. Lopotych ◽  
N. Panas ◽  
T. Datsko ◽  
S. Slobodian
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Lead Salts ◽  
Lead Acetate Solution ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Cadmium and Lead salts on body weight gain and rat body weights and hematological parameters. The experiments were conducted in male rats of the Wistar line, weighing 200–220 g, of which four groups of animals were formed: 1) A control group – they injected drinking water through a metal probe in a volume equivalent to the volume of an aqueous solution of Cd2+ salts and Pb2+; 2) Experimental group 1 – animals were administered a 0.029% aqueous solution of cadmium chloride at a dose of 4.0 mg kg-1; 3) Experimental group 2 – animals were administered 16.6% aqueous lead acetate solution at a dose of 200 mg kg-1; 4) Experimental group 3 – animals were administered 16.6% aqueous lead acetate solution at a dose of 100 mg kg-1 and 0.029% aqueous cadmium chloride solution at a dose of 2.0 mg kg-1. Throughout the experiment, rats were kept in a balanced diet containing all the necessary components, and animals were given drinking water, without restriction, from 0.2 liter glass bowls. On the basis of the conducted researches it is established that at loading of an organism of rats by cadmium and Lead salts in rats the weight gain in comparison with intact animals decreased. Reduction of live weight gain in rats by heavy metal intoxication was accompanied by hypo- and hypertrophy of the internal organs. These changes are related to the cumulative and sorption capacity of these metal ions, which contribute to the development of endogenous intoxication of rats in the experimental groups. Chronic lead-cadmium toxicosis in rats was accompanied by erythrocytopenia and leukopenia, as well as a decrease in hemoglobin with a simultaneous increase in erythrocyte volume and average erythrocyte hemoglobin content.

scholarly journals The level of lipid peroxidation products in the rats blood under prolonged cadmium and lead loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. О. Slobodian ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
K. Y. Leskiv
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Lead Acetate Solution ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Experimental Group

Lipid peroxidation is a form of tissues respiration. This process is characteristic of normal tissues and occurs, as a rule, after the construction of lipid membrane structures, their updates and during the biosynthesis of many hormones. However, free radical oxidation can be activated in an unfavorable environmental situation, since in our case it happened under the action of Cadmium and Lead. The purpose of the work was to investigate the Cadmium and Lead effects on the lipid peroxidation processes intensity in rats. The experiments were carried out on 200 – 220 g male “Wistar” rats, from which 4 groups of animals were formed: 1) control group – animals were administered drinking water through a metal probe in bulk, which is equivalent to the volume of aqueous salt solution Cd2+ і Pb2+; 2) experimental group 1 – animals were administered 0.029 % an aqueous solution of cadmium chloride in a dose 4.0 mg/kg; 3) experimental group 2 – animals were administered 16.6 % aqueous lead acetate solution at a dose 200 mg/kg; 4) experimental group 3 – animals were administered 16.6 % aqueous lead acetate solution at a dose 100 mg/kg and 0.029 % an aqueous solution of cadmium chloride in a dose 2.0 mg/kg. Throughout the experiment, rats were kept in a balanced diet containing all the necessary components, the animals were given drinking water without restrictions from 0.2 liter glass bowls. Based on our research, we detected activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in the blood of rats under lead-cadmium loading, as indicated by the growth of intermediate and final products in comparison with the group of intact animals. Probable level increase of LPO products was observed from the first day of the experiment. For the 7th day of the experiment, the level of diene conjugates in the blood of the third experimental group increased by 88.9 %, and the level of Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased by 31.8 %. At 14 and 21 days of the experiment, the level of of LPO products in the rats blood under the lead-cadmium load was the highest. These changes in the LPO products level indicate an increase in the intensity of radical formation processes. Peroxide oxidation forms, at almost all stages of its course, a number of products that result from the interaction of free radicals with each other and with biological macromolecules.

scholarly journals Protein synthesizing function and the functional state of liver of rats for the continuous cadmium and lead load

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (96) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
S. O. Slobodian ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Lead Acetate Solution ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Cadmium and Lead on the protein synthesis and function of the rat liver. The experiments were conducted in male rats of the Wistar line, weighing 200–220 g, of which 4 groups of animals were formed: 1) a control group – injected drinking water through a metal probe in a volume equivalent to the volume of an aqueous solution of Cd2+ salts and Pb2+; 2) experimental group 1 – animals were administered a 0.029% aqueous solution of cadmium chloride at a dose of 4.0 mg/kg; 3) experimental group 2 – animals were administered 16.6% aqueous lead acetate solution at a dose of 200 mg/kg; 4) experimental group 3 – animals were administered 16.6% aqueous lead acetate solution at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 0.029% aqueous cadmium chloride solution at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg. Throughout the experiment, rats were kept in a balanced diet containing all the necessary components, and animals were given drinking water, without restriction, from 0.2 liter glass bowls. The functional state of the liver of rats under the conditions of use of salts of heavy metals was investigated by the activity of aminotransferases. In long-term lead-cadmium loading in rats of the experimental groups, the functional state of the liver is characterized, which is characterized by an increase in the permeability of biological membranes of the cell membranes, which causes hyperfermentemia in blood serum, in particular aminotransferase (AST, ALT). The high activity of ALT and AST in the serum of rats under the influence of Cadmium and Lead indicates the destructive processes in the liver that cause an increase in the output of aminotransaminases from cell organelles in the blood of experimental animals. Thus, the results obtained indicate an increase in the destructive processes in the body of rats under lead-cadmium loading. Important diagnostic value for intoxication of different etiology is the determination of protein synthesis of liver function. An important indicator of liver protein synthesis is the level of total protein and its fractions in the serum. This indicator reflects the changes that occur in the body in different pathological conditions. When loaded with heavy metals in the body of rats inhibits the protein synthesis function of the liver, which is manifested by a decrease in total blood protein and albumin levels.

scholarly journals INTENSITY OF LIPID PEROXIDAL OXIDATION PROCESSES IN RATS' BLOOD AT CONTINUOUS CADMIUM AND LEAD LOAD

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
S. O. Slobodian ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Products ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Experimental Group

Lead and Cadmium are attributed to thiol poisons due to their ability to bind to SH groups of proteins. The aim of the study was to study the effect of Cadmium and Lead salts on the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the blood of rats. The experiments were performed on male rats of the Wistar line, weighing 200–220 g, from which 4 groups of animals were formed: control and 3 experimental groups. Control rats were administered drinking water through a metal probe in a volume equivalent to the volume of aqueous solution of Cd2 + and Pb2 + salts. The animals of the first experimental group were administered a 0.029% aqueous solution of cadmium chloride at a dose of 4.0 mg / kg. Animals of the second experimental group were administered a 16.6% aqueous solution of lead acetate at a dose of 200 mg / kg. Animals of the third experimental group were administered 16.6% aqueous lead acetate solution at a dose of 100 mg / kg and 0.029% aqueous cadmium chloride solution at a dose of 2.0 mg / kg. The administration of cadmium chloride and lead acetate to the body leads to the accumulation in the blood of rats of the experimental groups of both intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation. A significant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation products was observed in the blood of rats of all three study groups from the first day of the experiment. With cadmium and lead combined, rats were found to have the highest levels of diene conjugates and TBA-active products compared to the first and second experimental groups. On the 28th day of the experiment, the level of lipid peroxidation oxidation products in the blood of rats of the third experimental group increased by 76.1%, and the level of TBA-active products - by 38.4% relative to the control group. These changes in the level of lipid peroxidation products indicate an increase in the intensity of radical formation processes. Peroxide oxidation forms, at almost all stages of its course, a number of products that result from the interaction of free radicals with each other and with biological macromolecules. The investigations made it possible to reveal the pathogenesis of Cadmium and Lead toxic effects on the rat organism more deeply and to use these data in the development of antidote for cadmium-lead intoxication.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF LEAD ON STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN LIVER OF WISTAR RATS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF ACUTE EXPERIM

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Oleg Zayko ◽  
Vadim Astashov ◽  
Anna Sindireva ◽  
Karina Basnakyan ◽  
Arina Lukyanchikova
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Acute Experiment ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Lead Salts ◽  
Lead Acetate Solution

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural transformations of Wistar rats liver after oral administration of lead salts. Under the conditions of acute experiment during 5 days the Wistar rats were orally administered the lead acetate solution in the amount of 3 mg/kg. Histological studies were carried out at OSMU upon the completion of the experiment. Effect of toxic doses of lead causes symptoms of both steatosis and hydropic degeneration of the liver. It is assumed that the appearance of hepatic steatosis reflects the reaction of hepatocytes to hemic hypoxia caused by the action of lead, while the signs of hydropic degeneration expressed in varying degrees reflect its direct toxic effect.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN TONGUE TISSUES UNDER PER OS ADMINISTRATION OF HIGH DOSES OF LEAD ACETATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-54
Author(s):  
Oleg Zayko ◽  
Anna Sindireva ◽  
Vadim Astashov ◽  
Varvara Blinova ◽  
Karina Basnakyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Acute Experiment ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Lead Salts ◽  
Lead Acetate Solution ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Filiform Papillae

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural transformation in rats’ tongue tissue after oral administration of lead salts. Under the conditions of acute experiment during 5 days Wistar rats were orally administered the lead acetate solution in the amount of 24 mg per day. Histological studies were carried out at OSMU upon the completion of the experiment. Effect of toxic doses of lead results in symptoms of both hyperkeratosis and destruction of tongue tissue. It is assumed that the oxidative stress and tissue irritation, induced by lead intoxication, causes pathological changes in the shape, height and number of filiform papillae of the tongue. This results in hyperkeratosis, hydropic degradation of the epithelium and in the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate in the connective tissue.

Modification of the Carbon Disulfide Evolution Method for Dithiocarbamate Residues

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E Keppel
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Carbon Disulfide ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Stannous Chloride ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Colorimetric Measurement ◽  
Fungicide Residues ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
Lead Acetate Solution

Abstract A study was made of the analytical method for dithiocarbamate fungicide residues based on decomposition by hot mineral acids to the amine and carbon disulfide and colorimetric measurement of the carbon disulfide. Increased recoveries are obtained by the following modifications: adding a reducing agent (stannous chloride) to the sample before treatment with hot acid; svibstituting diluted sodium hydroxide for lead acetate solution to remove hydrogen sulfide and other interferences; and using boiling diluted hydrochloric acid. With these modifications, recoveries of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamates from crops ranged from 85.3 to 103.8% (average 94.7%). Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates, with the exception of zineb (range 89.1–96.8%, average 92.0%), gave appreciably lower recoveries, indicating further study is necessary.

Selection of a Simple and Sensitive Method for Detecting Zearalenone in Corn

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora M Quiroga ◽  
Inés Sola ◽  
Edith Varsavsky
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Lead Acetate Solution ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Sensitive Method

Abstract A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for determining zearalenone in corn was selected. The toxin was extracted from 50 g test portions with 180 mL acetonitrile and 20 mL 4% KCl solution. A portion of the extract was defatted with isooctane. The acetonitrile extract was cleaned up with 20% lead acetate solution. The zearalenone was partitioned into toluene. The toluene solution was dried, and the residue was redissolved in benzene. The toxin was determined by thin-layer chromatography with silica gel plates and chloroform–acetone (9 +1) as the developing solvent. The overall average recovery of zearalenone from corn was 97%. The limit of detection was 50 μg/kg; this limit may be lowered by using fast violet B salt as spray reagent. The method was compared with 2 previous methods that determine zearalenone in biologically contaminated corn.

scholarly journals Studies on application of a lead acetate solution as filter to the photochemical reaction of ergosterol to improve the yield of vitamin D.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Ren LU ◽  
Ya-Fang PANG ◽  
Quan-Rong SHEN ◽  
Cheng-Fa ZHENG
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Lead Acetate Solution

scholarly journals Effect of Lupine and Amaranth on Growth Efficiency, Health, and Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Market Pigs

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zralý ◽  
B. Písaříková ◽  
M. Trčková ◽  
I. Herzig ◽  
M. Jůzl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Amaranth Grain ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether it is possible to substitute animal protein in a pig diet with lupine of Sonet cultivar or amaranth grain or dried surface biomass of amaranth when one type feed ration is used during the entire period of fattening, and to investigate its impact on growth efficiency and health of pigs. Its role in feed conversion, carcass characteristics, meat quality and sensory parameters was analyzed. Four groups of pigs (n = 10, 5 males and 5 females) with the body weight of 24 kg were fed semi-ad libitum for 90 days the following diets: control group (C) - diet containing 3% of fish meal, experimental group (1) - diet containing 5% of non-heat-treated amaranth grain and 5% of dried surface biomass of amaranth, experimental group (2) - diet containing 5% of popped (heattreated) amaranth grain and 5% of dried surface amaranth biomass, experimental group (3) - diet containing 10% of lupine seed meal. Animal protein substitution in diets with amaranth (group 1, 2) or lupine (3) did not result in significant differences (p > 0.05) in average daily body weight gain in comparison with the control group (C - 0.83 and 0.82, 0.80 and 0.79 kg in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). The differences in feed conversion were non-significant (2.69 to 2.79 kg/kg of body weight gain). The tested diets did not adversely affect animal metabolism, and significantly lower concentrations (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) of total protein, glucose and triacylglycerol in animals of group C ranged within physiological limits. No significant differences between control and experimental animals were found in carcass characteristics, meat and sensory qualities. Lupine supplementation of the diet positively affected the tenderness and taste of meat.

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