Evaluation of fungal endophytes to biological control of Dothistroma needle blight on Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Crimean pine)

Dothistroma Pini ◽

Specific Priming ◽

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB), caused by Dothistroma septosporum and Dothistroma pini, is the most important forest disease of pine in many countries. This disease has recently emerged in Ukraine as a major threat to mostly Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana and less to Scots pine. There is increasing evidence that some fungal and bacterial isolates can reduce the growth and pathogenicity of fungal plant pathogens. In this research, infected needles were collected from 30-year-old Crimean pine (P. nigra subsp. pallasiana) in four locations in Southern Ukraine. In total, 244 of endophytic fungi were recovered from needles of Crimean pine during summer sampling of the host’s microbiome in Ukraine in 2012-2014. Dothistroma spp. were detected using fungal isolation and species-specific priming PCR techniques. Among all endophytes, eight fungal species were selected based on the commonness of their occurrence in the foliage of the host and their antagonistic activity. All selected species were tested for their antifungal activity against Dothistroma needle blight. Good antifungal activity against Dothistroma pini was achieved with the Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium rosea, indicating their good potential possibility in preventing the Dothistroma needle blight on young pines. Moreover, the significant reduction in numbers of conidia and spore germination was found on needles treated with Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium rosea, compared to conidia numbers following treatment with other fungi. Thus, the use of an effective biological control agent against Dothistroma could be of value in forest nurseries, where it is essential to reduce losses to D. pini infection prior to transferring pines to field sites for planting out.

Four New Host and Three New State Records of Dothistroma Needle Blight Caused by Dothistroma pini in the United States

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-14-0606-pdn ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (10) ◽

pp. 1443-1443 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

I. Barnes ◽

J. A. Walla ◽

A. Bergdahl ◽

M. J. Wingfield

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Mating Type ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Pinus Nigra ◽

The United States ◽

New Host ◽

Dothistroma Pini ◽

During 2010 and 2011, Dothistroma needle blight (DNB), also known as red band needle blight, was observed for the first time in Cass and Pembina counties in North Dakota (ND). In Pembina Co., DNB was observed in two sites in the Jay V. Wessels Wildlife Management Area (JWWMA). In September 2009, yellow spots on green needles were observed on some trees along the western edge of one planting. By June 2010, DNB was found on third- and fourth-year needles in both JWWMA plantings. Symptoms had developed into dark brown bands or spots on necrotic needles that contained erumpent black acervuli. In June 2011, similar DNB symptoms were observed on Pinus nigra, P. flexilis, P. ponderosa, P. cembra, and P. albicaulis in the Dale E. Herman Research Arboretum, Cass Co., ND. DNB was collected in July 2011 in Brookings Co., South Dakota (SD), from a seed source provenance planting of P. ponderosa. To identify the species causing the infections, symptomatic needles were collected in 2010 from both sites in JWWMA and then again from all four locations in 2011 on all pine species infected. Needles of P. nigra from a private residence near Fairland in Shelby County, Indiana (IN), were also included in the sample set. The rDNA-ITS was PCR-amplified either directly from conidia obtained from acervuli on the needles or from cultures obtained from isolations. Amplicons were sequenced and a BLAST search was performed in GenBank. The sequences of samples obtained from P. nigra, P. flexilis, P. cembra, and P. albicaulis in ND, P. ponderosa in SD, and P. nigra from IN showed 100% sequence homology with Dothistroma pini (Accession No. AY808302). These isolates were identical to all previously assayed isolates of D. pini from Nebraska, Minnesota, and Michigan in the United States. The P. ponderosa isolates from all three sites in ND differed from the other isolates and contained a 1-bp point mutation from a C to a T at site 72 (sequence deposited in GenBank, accession KJ933441). Mating type was determined using species-specific mating type primers for D. pini (3). All 26 samples from ND and SD were of the MAT-1 idiomorph, while the sample from IN contained the MAT-2 idiomorph. All cultures are maintained at FABI, University of Pretoria, South Africa. The two species that cause DNB, D. septosporum (G. Dorog.) M. Morelet and D. pini Hulbary, are morphologically indistinguishable and molecular characterization remains essential for correct species identification (1). Host and geographical distribution range determinations of Dothistroma spp. made without molecular methods are not valid. To date, species confirmed using DNA sequences in the United States include D. septosporum in the Pacific Northwest states of Oregon and Idaho on P. ponderosa, in Montana on P. contorta v. latifolia, and D. pini in the North Central states of Nebraska, Minnesota, and Michigan on P. nigra (1). This study documents the presence of D. pini in three additional states, including a first report of DNB in ND and SD. It also includes new records of D. pini infecting P. flexilis, P. cembra, P. albicaulis, and P. ponderosa. Results of this study have expanded the documented host range of D. pini in the United States from one (P. nigra) to five species. Globally, D. pini is now known to infect a total of 10 pine hosts (2,4,5). References: (1) I. Barnes et al. Stud. Mycol. 50:551, 2004. (2) I. Barnes et al. For. Pathol. 41:361, 2011. (3) M. Groenewald et al. Phytopathology 97:825, 2007. (4) D. Piou et al. Plant Dis. 98:841, 2014. (5) B. Piskur et al. For. Pathol. 43:518, 2013.

New data on the spread of the invasive species Dothistroma septosporum (Dorogin) M. Morelet in Belarus

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Biological Series ◽

10.29235/1029-8940-2021-66-2-147-158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 147-158

Author(s):

L. A. Golovchenko ◽

N. G. Dishuk ◽

S. V. Panteleev ◽

O. Yu. Baranov

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Pine Trees ◽

The Republic ◽

Forest Nurseries ◽

Dothistroma Pini ◽

Dothistroma Septosporum ◽

Red band needle blight, or Dothistroma needle blight is one of the most common and harmful diseases of pine. The causative agents of the disease are pathogenic micromycetes Dothistroma septosporum (Dorogin) M. Morelet and Dothistroma pini Hulbary. Dothistroma needle blight was firstly detected in Belarus in 2012 year, but till now information about this disease in the republic is fragmentary. The article presents the results of a survey of different pine trees, carried out in the period 2016–2020 years in botanical and dendrological gardens, forest nurseries and mini-arboretums at forestry enterprises, urban stands, nurseries of decorative plants, garden centers, for the presence of Dothistroma needle blight. The species identification of the causative agent of the disease was carried out by mycological and molecular genetic methods. In this study, Dothistroma needle blight was revealed on individual trees of Pinus mugo, P. nigra and P. ponderosa in the stands of the Central Botanical Garden of the NAS of Belarus, the dendrological garden of the Glubokoe experimental forestry enterprise, in the nurseries of decorative plants in the Grodno and Minsk regions. In the collected samples of needles, the invasive species Dothistroma septosporum was identified. The frequency of occurrence of the pathogen was 4.8–7.2 %, the proportion of observation sites in which this disease was detected at 60 %. The detection of Dothistroma needle blight on pine trees, mainly on planting material imported from abroad, indicates a transboundary route of D. septosporum entering the country. Analysis of literature data indicates the potential danger of Dothistroma needle blight for pine stands in the republic, which in turn requires the organization of regular monitoring of the disease and the development of methods to limit the spread of D. septosporum in the republic.

Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup, a new quarantine pathogen of pines in the CR

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/4629-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 319-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

L. Jankovský ◽

M. Bednářová ◽

D. Palovčíková

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Host Species ◽

Pinus Nigra ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Picea Pungens ◽

Quarantine Pathogen ◽

First Time ◽

Dothistroma needle blight caused by Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup was observed for the first time in the Czech Republic on an imported Pinus nigra Arnold in 1999. In 2000, it was also found in the open planting. During three years, it became an important pathogen of pines in the Czech Republic. Its occurrence was noticed in more than 50 localities, above all in the region of Moravia and Silesia and eastern Bohemia. In total, it was found on 10 species of pine (P. nigra Arnold, P. banksiana Lamb., <br />P. contorta Loudon, P. mugo Turra, P. leucodermis Ant., P. sylvestris L., P. cembra L., P. aristata Engelm., P. ponderosa P. et C. Lawson and P. jeffreyi Grev. et Balf.). Also Picea pungens  Engelm. was noticed as a host species. In the Czech Republic, Pinus nigra is the most frequent host species of M. pini (80% localities) followed by Pinus mugo (27% localities). On Scots pine P. sylvestris, M. pini was noticed at two localities. The critical period for infection is in the Czech Republic from the second half of May until the end of June. The incubation period lasts about 2–4 months depending on climatic conditions. The first symptoms on the needles infected in the current year appear in August being clearly expressed from September to November.In the CR, Dothistroma needle blight spread probably with infected planting stock obtained from import at the end of the 80s and at the beginning of the 90s.

The host spectrum of Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup – new hosts of Dothistroma needle blight observed in theCzech Republic

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/4484-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 30-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M. Bednářová ◽

D. Palovčíková ◽

L. Jankovský

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Pinus Ponderosa ◽

Pinus Banksiana ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Pinus Nigra ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Christmas Trees ◽

Pinus Aristata ◽

Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup and its anamorphic stage Dothistroma septospora (Dorog.) Morelet was detected for the first time in the territory of the Czech Republic in a consignment of imported plants of Austrian pine Pinus nigra Arnold in 1999. In 2000, it was also found on Pinus nigra in an open planting in a plantation of Christmas trees by the village of Jedovnice near Brno in South Moravia. In the Czech Republic, Dothi-stroma needle blight was identified on 13 species of pine. Pinus nigra Arnold and Pinus mugo Turra are the most frequent hosts. In addition to these species, Dothistroma needle blight was observed on Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson, Pinus jeffreyi Grev. et Balf, Pinus banksiana Lamb., Pinus contorta Douglas, Pinus rotundata Link, Pinus leucodermis Ant. and Pinus sylvestris L. Finds on Pinus aristata Engelm., Pinus rigida Mill., Pinus heldreichii H. Christ. and Pinus cembra L. var. sibirica (Du Tour) G. Don. are a certain rarity. These species are not mentioned anywhere as potential hosts of Dothistroma needle blight. As for the species of other genera Picea pungens Engelm., Picea abies L. Karst. and last but not least Picea schrenkiana Fisch. & C. A. Mey were also observed as hosts. The host range of Dothistroma needle blight recorded in papers is noted as well.

Biological control of Dothistroma needle blight on pine with Aneurinibacillus migulanus

Forest Pathology ◽

10.1111/efp.12237 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 555-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

F. N. Alenezi ◽

S. Fraser ◽

M. Bełka ◽

T.H. Doğmuş ◽

Z. Heckova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Exploration and Identification Trichoderma spp. as a Biological Control Agents to Plant Pathogens and Starter Making Biological Fertilizers

International Journal of ChemTech Research ◽

10.20902/ijctr.2019.130127 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 222-226

Author(s):

Henny V.G. Makal ◽

Max M. Ratulangi ◽

Denny S. Sualang

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Population Density ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Trichoderma Species ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Biological Fertilizer

The objectives of this study are: (1) to inventory Trichoderma spp. in North Minahasa District, South Minahasa District, and Tomohon City-Minahasa District, (2) inventory of Trichoderma spp. in the rhizosphere of cultivated and fallow gardens, and (3) calculate the population density of Trichoderma spp. all soil samples. The scope of this study is the biological control of plant pathogens, induce plant resistance, and biological fertilizer production. Trichoderma isolation spp. has been carried out by dilution method and cultured on PDA + antibiotics. Population density of Trichoderma spp. calculated using the plate calculation method. Identification of this species function based on the color and patterns of sporulation in the colony; hyphae and clamydospores; conidiophores; and phialides and phialospores. Trichoderma species found in North Minahasa District were T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viride; in South Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride; and in Tomohon City-Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride. In fallow gardens were T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viride, and in cultivated gardens were T. koningii and T. viride. Population densities of Trichoderma sp. in South Minahasa District, North Minahasa District, and Tomohon City-Minahasa District, respectively 1,363.64, 466.67, and 26.67 CFU / g soil.

Molecular-Based Reappraisal of a Historical Record of Dothistroma Needle Blight in the Centre of the Mediterranean Region

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12080983 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 983

Author(s):

Chiara Aglietti ◽

Alessandra Benigno ◽

Edoardo Scali ◽

Paolo Capretti ◽

Luisa Ghelardini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Region ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Pinus Nigra ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Central Mediterranean ◽

Monterey Pine ◽

Species Specific ◽

Needle Blight ◽

Pine Species

In this work, we rechecked, using species-specific Loop mediated isothermal AMPlification (LAMP) diagnostic assays followed by sequencing of fungal isolates at the beta-2-tubulin (tub2) gene region, a historical and never confirmed report of Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) in the introduced Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) in the mountains in the extreme tip of southern Italy. The report dates back to the mid-1970s, and predates the molecular-based taxonomic revision of the genus Dothistroma that defined the species accepted today. In the fall of 2019, symptomatic needles of Monterey pine and Corsican pine (Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poir.) Palib. ex Maire) were sampled in the area of the first finding. The applied diagnostic methods revealed the presence of Dothistroma septosporum (Dorogin) M. Morelet on both pine species. In this way, we: (i) confirmed the presence of the disease; (ii) clarified the taxonomic identity of the causal agent now occurring at that site; (iii) validated the species-specific LAMP diagnostic protocol we recently developed for Dothistroma for use on a portable field instrument, and (iv) showed that the pathogen now also attacks the native P. nigra subsp. laricio, a species particularly susceptible to the disease, indigenous to the mountains of Calabria, which is one of the very few areas where the species’ genetic resources are conserved. Comparative genetic analysis of the rare populations of D. septosporum found in the central Mediterranean region and in the native range of P. nigra subsp. laricio could help to clarify the history of the spread of the pathogen in southern Europe and better evaluate the risk it poses to the conservation of native pine species.

Is the Emergence of Dothistroma Needle Blight of Pine in France Caused by the Cryptic Species Dothistroma pini?

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-02-11-0036 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 47-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

B. Fabre ◽

R. Ioos ◽

D. Piou ◽

B. Marçais

Keyword(s):

Spatial Pattern ◽

Forest Health ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

The Past ◽

The North ◽

Present Distribution ◽

Recent Arrival ◽

Dothistroma Pini ◽

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) emerged in France in the past 15 years. This disease is induced by two closely related species: Dothistroma septosporum and D. pini. Although both species are currently present in France, only D. septosporum was reported in the past. We investigated whether a recent arrival of D. pini in France could be a cause of the DNB emergence. We analyzed herbarium specimens of pine needles with DNB symptoms using polymerase chain reaction techniques to study the past frequency of D. pini in France. We also determined the present distribution within the country of D. septosporum and D. pini and compared it with the spatial pattern of DNB reported in the Département de la Santé des Forêts (DSF; French forest health monitoring agency) database. Although D. pini was detected on herbarium specimens from 1907 and 1965, it was not frequent in France in the past. Today, it is frequent, although not present throughout the country, being absent from the north and the east. There is no relationship between the D. pini distribution in France and the spatial pattern of DNB reported in the DSF database. Thus, the emergence of DNB in France cannot be explained by a recent arrival of D. pini.

Picea pungens Engelm. – a new host of Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup detected in the Czech Republic

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/4619-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 235-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. Jankovský ◽

D. Palovčíková ◽

M. Bednářová

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Pinus Nigra ◽

Pine Needles ◽

New Host ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Blue Spruce ◽

Picea Pungens ◽

Southern Moravia ◽

Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini is an important pathogen of pine needles. In addition to different species of pine, M. pini was found in blue spruce Picea pungens in the proximity of infected Pinus nigra in the region of southern Moravia about 20 km SE of Brno.

Dothistroma needle blight and pitch canker: the current and future potential distribution of two important diseases of Pinus species

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x10-204 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 412-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Michael S. Watt ◽

Rebecca J. Ganley ◽

Darren J. Kriticos ◽

Lucy K. Manning

Keyword(s):

Potential Distribution ◽

Climate Models ◽

Global Climate ◽

Global Climate Models ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Pitch Canker ◽

Dothistroma Pini ◽

Suitable Area ◽

Globally, pitch canker and Dothistroma needle blight are two of the most important diseases of pine species caused, respectively, by the pathogens Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O’Donnell and Dothistroma spp. ( Dothistroma septosporum (Dorog.) Morelet and Dothistroma pini Hulbary). The potential distributions of these two diseases under current global climate have previously been modelled and contrast strongly with each other. In this study, we used the process-based niche model CLIMEX to estimate the potential distribution of both diseases in the 2080s under six scenarios that include three contrasting global climate models, each with moderate and high CO2 emissions. For both diseases, under the future climate scenarios, there was a global reduction in the potentially suitable area. Among the three global climate models, this reduction ranged from 11% to 22% for Dothistroma needle blight and from 39% to 58% for pitch canker. The projected potential ranges of both diseases were significantly reduced for Africa, South America, and Australia. In Asia and North America, substantial reductions in potential area were generally projected for pitch canker, while little change to moderate levels of expansion were projected for Dothistroma needle blight. For Europe and New Zealand, expansion of suitable climate was projected under all climate change scenarios for both diseases.