scholarly journals Relationship between chemical fertilization in sorghum and Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366
Author(s):  
José Arturo Schlickmann-Tank ◽  
Oscar Morales-Galván ◽  
Joel Pineda-Pineda ◽  
Gonzalo Espinosa-Vázquez ◽  
María Teresa Colinas-León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Chemical Fertilization ◽  
Important Pest

The aphid Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi is considered the most important pest of sorghum cultivation in Mexico. It can cause losses in production of up to 100%. This research was conducted at the Universidad Autonoma Chapingo during 2018 and 2019 with the objective of determining the relationship between chemical fertilization in sorghum and M. sacchari/sorghi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations. Different levels of nitrogen (125, 250 and 500 kg ha-1), phosphorus (19.5, 39 and 78 kg ha-1) and potassium (210 and 420 kg ha-1) were supplied to sorghum plants planted in polyethylene pots with a capacity of 6 L under greenhouse conditions. The plants were infested with a total of 15 third-instar nymphs within 60 days of crop emergence. A total of 6 samplings were carried out at 7 day intervals, starting at 7 d after the infestation. Quantifications of total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, and levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in leaf tissue were also performed. We observed that higher doses of nitrogen and phosphorus increased the aphid population, while increasing the potassium dose considerably decreased the aphid population. We also found a positive correlation between the aphid population and the total soluble protein concentrations, reducing sugars and nitrogen levels, while the correlation was negative with potassium levels in leaves.

scholarly journals Effect of foliar spray of elicitors on status of defense proteins in relation to mustard aphid infestation in crop Brassica cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2242-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taruna Thakur ◽  
M. K. Sangha ◽  
Ramesh Arora ◽  
M. Javed
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Defense Proteins ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Population Count

Mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt., is the key insect pest of crop Brassicas causing significant reduction in crop yield. In the present study, widely grown Brassica cultivars RLC-1 (Brassica juncea) and GSC-6 (Brassica napus) were treated with elicitors salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) at 0.5mM and 1mM concentration via foliar spray (given at 40 and 60 days after planting (DAP). Their effect was evaluated in terms of total soluble protein content and activities of defense proteins (peroxidase, protease inhibitor, polyphenol oxidase, amylase inhibitor and lectins) in relation to aphid infestation in leaf tissue. SA and JA application caused significant increase in activities of defense proteins as well as total soluble proteins. JA at 1mM concentration was most effective in both Brassica cultivars. The 2nd foliar spray gave a booster response. The aphid population/plant reduced significantly in both the cultivars with JA as well as SA. POD and PPO registered negative correlation with aphid population count. SA and JA foliar applications seemed effective against mustard aphid through positive modulation in activities of defense proteins.

scholarly journals PRODUÇÃOE CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOSFRUTOS DE ESPÉCIES DE PhysalisCULTIVADAS NO SEMIÁRIDO BAIANO

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Tamara Torres Tanan ◽  
Marilza Neves do Nascimento ◽  
Romeu da Silva Leite
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Solanaceae Family

The Physalisbelongs to the Solanaceae family and has sweetish fruit that can be eaten fresh or processed. In Brazil only Physalis peruvianais commercialized, it is necessary research to encourage the cultivation of other promising speciesof the genus. The aim of this study was evaluate the productivity and the physical and biochemical characteristics of P. angulata, P.pubescensand P. ixocarpafruits, in different stages,in Feira de Santana, Bahia. Productivity and the number of fruits in the breeding period were evaluated.In the fruits, longitudinal (LD) and transverse (TD) diameters, the LD/TD ratio,the masses of fruit, the protein content,reducing sugars,and total soluble sugars were analyzed. The results showed differences between species, with higher number of fruits for P. angulata(140,5). P. ixocarpashowed higher productivity (9 t ha-1) and fruit with greater mass and diameter,however P. pubescensand P. angulatashowed round fruits and higher sugar content, desirable characteristics for fresh consumption and for industrialization.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes of Some Chemical Components in the Leaves of Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Nezahat Turfan ◽  
Sezgin Ayan ◽  
Esra Nurten Yer ◽  
Halil Barış Özel
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
H2o2 Concentration ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Oriental Beech ◽  
Different Ages

Background and Purpose: This study presents the analysis of photosynthetic pigments, proline, total soluble protein, total amino acids, glucose, sucrose, total soluble sugars, total amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in the leaf samples collected from oriental beech trees, which are naturally spread in Kastamonu Province, Turkey, with differing ages, enzyme activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Material and Methods: The research was carried out on oriental beech trees (Fagus orientalis L.) of different ages located at 1300 m high elevation in Ahlat Village of Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Oriental beech trees of different ages (≥25, ≥50, ≥100, ≥200 and ≥600 years-old) constituted the material of this study. In leaf samples taken from trees of different ages, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid), proline, total soluble protein, total amino acid, glucose, sucrose, total soluble sugars, the amount of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, MDA, H2O2 concentration, enzyme activities of APX, CAT and SOD, as well as the relationship between the total content of C, N and H elements and the tree ages were studied. Results: As a result of the research conducted, significant differences were determined in terms of chlorophyll, total phenolic compound, flavonoid, glucose, amounts of sucrose, nitrogenous compounds, proline, total soluble protein, MDA, H 2O2 concentrations, and the activities of APX, CAT and SOD in the leaves of oriental beech trees with differing ages. The highest content of chlorophyll a was found to be in the youngest age group of ≥25 years. Total chlorophyll is low in young trees and high in middle-aged, old and very old trees. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that the MDA and H2O2 concentrations in the trees did not vary depending on the age of trees only, but also on the genotype, environmental conditions and metabolic activities. It was concluded that the fact that the total chlorophyll, phenolic compounds and sucrose content in oriental beech trees are high and that MDA content is low could have an influence on the long life of ≥600 years-old oriental beech trees. Conclusions: The activity of photosynthesis is related to leaf characteristics more than the age of trees.

Interactive Effects of Nutrient Availability and Light Levels on the Periphyton Composition of a Large Oligotrophic Lake

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Claire Marks ◽  
Rex L. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Oligotrophic Lake ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Enrichment ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Nitzschia Palea ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

We investigated the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and light on periphyton in a clear oligotrophic lake. Experimental treatments consisted of three levels each of nitrogen, phosphorus, and light in a three-way factorial design. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were manipulated using nutrient-diffusing clay substrates; light levels were manipulated with shade cloth. Periphyton biovolume and cell densities increased significantly with both nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment but were not affected by shading. Phosphorus enrichment increased periphyton accumulation only when nitrogen levels were high, indicating a significant interactive effect between nitrogen and phosphorus. Differences in species composition among treatments were mostly due to changes in the diatoms Nitzschia palea and Rhopalodia gibba. Ambient and phosphorus-enriched substrates were dominated by R. gibba, which contains a nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont, and blue-green algae. Nitrogen enrichment and nitrogen and phosphorus in combination resulted in an assemblage dominated by N. palea. Unshaded and highly shaded substrates were dominated by N. palea and Achnanthes minutissima, but the medium-shade substrates were dominated by R. gibba.

EFFECT OF FREEZING INJURY ON CERTAIN CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. ROSA ◽  
J. M. ELLIOT ◽  
WILLIAM A. COURT ◽  
B. F. ZILKEY
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Leaf Chemistry ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acids ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Β Carotene

A late-season frost in southwestern Ontario resulted in a loss of a third of the projected 1982 flue-cured tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., production. Green leaf tissue was collected representing three levels of freezing injury as well as no visible injury and these four treatments were cured. Certain chemical and physical characteristics were measured on these treatments to relate visible freezing injury to quality losses. Green lamina, when severely injured, showed significant changes in certain chemical and physical parameters studied. These were reflected by significant decreases in the chlorophylls, β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, and violaxanthin. In cured lamina, the contents of reducing sugars, fructose, glucose, sucrose, inositol, Fe, and malic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, and 4-0-caffeoylquinic acids decreased with the increase of freezing injury. Starch, citric acid, scopoletin, and lamina weight increased markedly in severely damaged lamina. Lamina had to be severely damaged by frost before significant changes in the leaf chemistry and lamina weight occurred.Key words: Tobacco, freezing-injury, tobacco carbohydrates, tobacco pigments, phenols, acids

scholarly journals Metabolic responses of guava trees irrigated withdifferent N and K levels in São Francisco Valley

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara França Dantas ◽  
Maiane Santos Pereira ◽  
Luciana de Sá Ribeiro ◽  
Joselanne Luiza Trajano Maia ◽  
Davi José Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Evaluation Period ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis

The guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Paluma has been cultivated in São Francisco Valley, Northeastern of Brazil, for in natura consumption and processing purposes. In spite of its importance, there are few scientific knowledge regarding guava physiology, nutrition, irrigation and fertigation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of weather conditions and different concentrations of N and K applied by fertigation in foliar contents of reducing sugars, total soluble sugars, starch, sucrose, amino acids, and proteins. The field experiment was carried out at Bebedouro Experimental Field and the biochemical evaluations at the Laboratory of Seed and Plant Physiology, both located at Embrapa Semi-Árido, Petrolina-PE. The doses of 200 g N and 100 g K2O; 400 g N and 200 g K2O; 600 g N and 300 g K2O; and 800 g N and 400 g K2O per plant were applied in an experiment field. The experimental design was totally randomized blocks, with four treatments and five blocks. The weather conditions influenced the plant photosynthesis, which affects the plants metabolism. Guava presented specific responses to N and K fertigation for each parameter evaluated. The weather conditions during the evaluation period influenced guava responses to N and K fertigation.

Comparison of the yield, nitrogen and phosphorus content, and rust infection (Puccinia coronata) of irrigated ryegrass swards in south-eastern Queensland

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (122) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
KF Lowe ◽  
TM Bowdler ◽  
H Ostrowski ◽  
SL Stillman
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Thirteen ryegrass (Lolium spp.) cultivars and three mixtures of cultivars were evaluated in a series of experiments over four years at two sites in south-eastern Queensland. Stands were sown at 30 kg/ha of viable seed and fertilized with 50 kgN/ha at sowing and after each defoliation. After an establishment period of 6-8 weeks, stands were defoliated every 21 d. Lolium multiflorum cv. Midmar was the highest yielding or equally highest yielding cultivar in three of the four years. Its forage production was better distributed over the full growing season (April- December) and its foliage was less affected by leaf rust (Puccinia coronata Corda) than any other single cultivar. L. rigidum cv. Wimmera was the best cultivar for early season production (before June) and the perennial cultivars (L. perenne cv. Kangaroo Valley and [L. multiflorum x L. perenne] x L. perenne cv. Grasslands Ariki) and cv. Midmar were superior late in the season (September-December). There was little difference in the performance of the other annual (L. multiflorum) cultivars before September. Grasslands Tama gave poorest late season yields. The only mixture that yielded more than its individual components was the Grasslands Tama/Grasslands Ariki combination. Its yield and the distribution of that yield were equivalent to cv. Midmar. Midmar had slightly lower nitrogen levels in the foliage than the other cultivars, but differences were not substantial. The relative ranking of ryegrass cultivars for resistance to rust was Midmar > Kangaroo Valley and Grasslands Ariki > Richmond and Tetila > Grasslands Manawa and Grasslands Paroa > Grasslands Tama, Wimmera, Tetrone and Tetralite.

scholarly journals Females and hermaphrodites of the gynodioecious Geranium maculatum respond similarly to soil nutrient availability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Putney ◽  
Mavis Wolf ◽  
Chase Mason ◽  
Shu-Mei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Nutrient Availability ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Growth Allocation ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Growth And Allocation

AbstractSexual dimorphism in plant growth and/or reproductive responses to the surrounding environment has been documented in some plant species. In gynodioecious plants, it is especially important to understand whether females and hermaphrodites differ in their response to environmental stressors, as the fitness of females relative to hermaphrodites determines the extent to which these separate sexes are maintained in natural populations. Soil nutrient availability is of particular importance given the different nutrient requirements of male and female sexual functions in plants. Here, we evaluated and compared the growth of females and hermaphrodites of Geranium maculatum in response to varying levels of nutrients. Using a greenhouse experiment, we manipulated the overall nutrient, nitrogen, and phosphorus levels in the soil and measured growth, allocation, and leaf quality responses in both females and hermaphrodites. We found that sexes responded similarly in their growth and allocation responses to nutrient availability, albeit evidence that female leaf chlorophyll content may have increased more than that of hermaphrodites across soil nitrogen levels. Our findings demonstrate that hermaphrodites differ from females in terms of their physiological response to varying nutrient levels, however these physiological differences did not translate into meaningful growth or reproduction differences.

scholarly journals Postharvest Quality of Tommy Atkins Mangoes Coated With Cassava Starch and Chitosan-Based Coatings

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
T. A. Oliveira ◽  
C. A. Paiva ◽  
A. C. Silva ◽  
L. V. Nascimento ◽  
R. H. L. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Randomized Design

This study aimed to evaluate postharvest quality of Tommy Atkins mangoes treated with starch cassava and chitosan based coatings. Mango fruits were collected at physiological maturity. After cleaning, weighing and identification, fruits were submitted to the respective treatments and stored for 35 days in the Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, with weekly evaluations under refrigeration 13±1 ºC and 90±5% RH. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme with four treatments: control, cassava starch (CS), chitosan (CH), and cassava starch/chitosan (CS/CH) at a concentration of 2%, and six storage periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days) with four replications. Fruits were evaluated in: appearance, weight loss, external color: luminosity and ΔE, pulp firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, starch, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars and sucrose. Data were submitted to analysis of variance using SISVAR software and compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability. It was observed a reduction in appearance, pulp firmness, titratable acidity, starch and reducing sugars and increase in weight loss, luminosity, ΔE, soluble solids, total soluble sugars and non-reducing sugars during storage. CS/CH coated fruits reported higher notes of appearance, lower weight loss and maintained color. Quality of physicochemical attributes: soluble solids, starch, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars were strongly retarded.

scholarly journals Hydrocooling on postharvest conservation of butter lettuce

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane FM França ◽  
Welington S Ribeiro ◽  
Fernanda C Silva ◽  
Lucas C Costa ◽  
Elizanilda R Rêgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Cold Chamber

Lettuce is a vegetable highly susceptible to water loss, which reduces its shelf life and increases the final cost to the consumer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydrocooling on the postharvest shelf life of butter lettuce 'Vitória de Santo Antão'. The lettuce heads, after selection, were subjected to the following treatments: T1= hydrocooling followed by storage at 5°C in the cold chamber; T2= storage in the cold chamber at 5°C without hydrocooling; T3= hydrocooling followed by storage at 22°C and T4= storage at 22°C without hydrocooling. We determined the shelf life, leaves mass loss, chlorophyll content, relative water content, total soluble sugars content, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and starch. The data were analyzed in split plot in a randomized block design with four replications. The hydrocooling was effective in slowing down the visual wilting of the leaves at 5 and 22°C, extending the shelf life. The hydrocooling combined with storage at 5°C maintained the leaves water balance, keeping them hydrated during storage, causing an increase of 20% in the marketing of the product, from 5 days in lettuces without hydrocooling, to 6 days when these were subjected to hydrocooling. No effect of hydrocooling in the chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and starch of leaves was observed in any of the storage temperatures. The hydrocooling at 4°C during 5 minutes, followed by storage at 5°C is an effective technique to maintain the leaves water balance, promoting longer shelf life.

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