scholarly journals Decision Making, Stress Assessed by Physiological Response and Virtual Reality Stimuli

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Daniel Alfonso Botero Rosas ◽  
Oscar Leonardo Mosquera Dussán ◽  
Carlos German Trujillo Rojas ◽  
Daniel Guzmán Pérez ◽  
Jhonnatan Eduardo Zamudio Palacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Induce Stress ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Training And Support

Many decisions must be made under stress; therefore, stress and decision-making are intrinsically related not only at the behavioral level but also at the neural level. Additionally, virtual reality tools have been proposed as a method to induce stress in the laboratory. This review focuses on answering the following research question: Does stress assessed by physiological variables of a subject under virtual reality stimuli increase the chances of error in decision-making? The reviewed studies were consulted in the following databases: PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Science Direct. The analysis of the consulted literature indicates that the stress induced in the laboratory using virtual reality tools and the physiological response of the central and autonomous nervous system are complementary subjects and allow the design of training and support systems for the decision-making process

scholarly journals Federal vs. Central Foreign Policy German Foreign Policy Structure An Analysis of Decision-Making Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebin Dr. Fard
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Question ◽  
German Foreign Policy ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Policy Structure ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Domestic Level

<p>To answer the research question , I focus on the domestic level to draw up a profile of the German foreign policy making process. For the analysis content analysis is used as a research method in order to examine the legitimate actors who make foreign policy decisions and determine the guidelines of German foreign policy. </p>

scholarly journals Inerrogating Variables Affecting Consumers' EV Purchasing Decision

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Purchasing Decision ◽  
Tree Modeling ◽  
Vehicle Production ◽  
Consumer Data ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Toyota Prius

This paper takes a multi-step approach to answer the research question “What are the factors that affect the consumers’ EV purchasing decision-making process and how do they affect it?” In order to answer this question, this paper studies consumer data from the last 15 years. Using Hierarchical cluster analysis, this paper shows how the importance of the factors changes over time. A predictive model has been developed using Ethnographic Decision tree Modeling (EDTM) for the decision-making process of the owners of the 4 top selling EV. The top selling EVs includes models of Nissan Leaf, Tesla, Chevy Volt, and Toyota Prius, from year 2009 to 2014. This EDTM model indicates that while consumers prefer variables such as gas requirement, performance and mile coverage over other variables when deciding to purchase an EV, when given several options of EV they consider other variable such as the environment, brand and country of vehicle production to be more important.

The Vulnerability of Urban Elementary School Arts Programs: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
School District ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Instrumental Case Study ◽  
Urban Elementary School ◽  
Arts Programs ◽  
Arts Teachers

With the intent of improving understanding of cuts to elementary arts programs, the purpose of this research was to investigate how one urban school district (Lansing School District in Lansing, Michigan) eliminated its elementary arts specialists. Research questions were (1) What policy conditions enabled the Lansing School District’s decision to cut its elementary arts specialists? and (2) How did the decision-making process unfold? This instrumental case study drew on policy analysis, and data sources included 18 interviews with former Lansing School District teachers, current employees, and community arts provider representatives as well as related documents and researcher memos. After coding for themes, I used the Advocacy Coalition Framework to organize findings by research question. Findings showed that a confluence of macro- and microlevel policy conditions enabled the cuts, including declining enrollment, budget problems, and a negative perception of elementary arts teachers facilitated by permissive teacher certification/assignment policies. Analysis also showed that the decision-making process was characterized by rival coalitions whose membership was defined by belief systems. Based on the findings, I offer critical reflection on a number of topics and offer general recommendations as well as implications for researchers.

scholarly journals Ethical dimensions of paediatric nursing: A rapid evidence assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Bagnasco ◽  
Lucia Cadorin ◽  
Michela Barisone ◽  
Valentina Bressan ◽  
Marina Iemmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Face Complex

Background: Paediatric nurses often face complex situations requiring decisions that sometimes clash with their own values and beliefs, or with the needs of the children they care for and their families. Paediatric nurses often use new technology that changes the way they provide care, but also reduces their direct interaction with the child. This may generate ethical issues, which nurses should be able to address in the full respect of the child. Research question and objectives: The purpose of this review is to describe the main ethical dimensions of paediatric nursing. Our research question was, ‘What are the most common ethical dimensions and competences related to paediatric nursing?’ Research design: A rapid evidence assessment. Method: According to the principles of the rapid evidence assessment, we searched the PubMed, SCOPUS and CINAHL databases for papers published between January 2001 and March 2015. These papers were then independently read by two researchers and analysed according to the inclusion criteria. Ethical considerations: Since this was a rapid evidence assessment, no approval from the ethics committee was required. Findings: Ten papers met our inclusion criteria. Ethical issues in paediatric nursing were grouped into three areas: (a) ethical issues in paediatric care, (b) social responsibility and (c) decision-making process. Conclusion: Few studies investigate the ethical dimensions and aspects of paediatric nursing, and they are mainly qualitative studies conducted in critical care settings based on nurses’ perceptions and experiences. Paediatric nurses require specific educational interventions to help them resolve ethical issues, contribute to the decision-making process and fulfil their role as advocates of a vulnerable population (i.e. sick children and their families). Further research is needed to investigate how paediatric nurses can improve the involvement of children and their families in decision-making processes related to their care plan.

scholarly journals Therapeutic decision making in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system in children

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Clive Dale
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Therapeutic Decision ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Sydenham Chorea ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making

Autoimmune and inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Through the recognition of syndromes using diagnostic biomarkers, the clinician is now able to use immune suppressive therapies to improve outcomes. However, the therapeutic decision-making process is complex. The clinician has to balance the risk of disease, with the risk of treatment side effects. To achieve this balance, it is important to understand the natural history of disease, the risk of residual disability, the risk of relapse, and risk of a fatal outcome. It is also important to have some understanding of the pathological processes, as some of the entities have more reversible processes, whereas others have destructive processes. This review will assess the dynamic nature of this decision-making process, and compare some of the more severe diseases such as neuromyelitis optica, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome, with disorders with more favourable outcomes such as Sydenham chorea and post-infectious cerebellar ataxia. 

Stand der Forschung zum Einsatz von Augmented Reality und Virtual Reality im stationären Einzelhandel und Implikationen für KMU

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 259-284
Author(s):  
Eva Lienbacher ◽  
Beate Cesinger ◽  
Christine Vallaster
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
State Of Research

Zusammenfassung Diese Literaturanalyse beschäftigt sich mit dem Stand der Forschung zum Einsatz von Augmented Reality (AR) und Virtual Reality (VR) im stationären, kleinstrukturierten Einzelhandel. Zwar steigt die Zahl der wissenschaftlichen Beiträge, die den Einsatz dieser Digitalisierungstools untersuchen, aber der spezifische Kontext eines KMU im Einzelhandel wurde bislang nicht explizit untersucht. Basierend auf der Analyse von ausgewählten 27 wissenschaftlichen Artikeln zeigt sich, dass weder AR noch VR eine one-size-fits-all-Lösung ist, sondern dass – mehr als vielleicht in größeren Unternehmen – der Nutzen aus Sicht des KMU und der Konsumenten sowie organisatorische Voraussetzungen klar im Entscheidungsprozess berücksichtigt werden müssen. Durch konkrete Überlegungen schließt dieser Beitrag eine Forschungslücke und weist auf zukünftige Forschungsfelder im Kontext KMU hin. Abstract This literature analysis presents the state of research regarding the application of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) in stationary, small-scale retail. Although the number of scientific contributions examining the use of these digitization tools is increasing, the specific context of SMEs in retail has not yet been explicitly examined. Based on the analysis of 27 scientific articles, this paper shows that neither AR nor VR is a one-size-fits-all solution, but that – more than perhaps in large companies – organizational requirements as well as benefits for the SME and the consumer must be taken into account in the decision-making process. This contribution closes a research gap and offers recommendations for future research in the context of SMEs.

scholarly journals How Do People with Persecutory Delusions Evaluate Threat in a Controlled Social Environment? A Qualitative Study Using Virtual Reality

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Fornells-Ambrojo ◽  
Daniel Freeman ◽  
Mel Slater ◽  
David Swapp ◽  
Angus Antley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Persecutory Delusions

Background: Environmental factors have been associated with psychosis but there is little qualitative research looking at how the ongoing interaction between individual and environment maintains psychotic symptoms. Aims: The current study investigates how people with persecutory delusions interpret events in a virtual neutral social environment using qualitative methodology. Method: 20 participants with persecutory delusions and 20 controls entered a virtual underground train containing neutral characters. Under these circumstances, people with persecutory delusions reported similar levels of paranoia as non-clinical participants. The transcripts of a post-virtual reality interview of the first 10 participants in each group were analysed. Results: Thematic analyses of interviews focusing on the decision making process associated with attributing intentions of computer-generated characters revealed 11 themes grouped in 3 main categories (evidence in favour of paranoid appraisals, evidence against paranoid appraisals, other behaviour). Conclusions: People with current persecutory delusions are able to use a range of similar strategies to healthy volunteers when making judgements about potential threat in a neutral environment that does not elicit anxiety, but they are less likely than controls to engage in active hypothesis-testing and instead favour experiencing “affect” as evidence of persecutory intention.

The Effects of Scent on Consumer Behaviour in Maltese Mid-Range Restaurants

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Rebecca Camilleri ◽  
Melvin Mizzi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Business World ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Relationship

The business world is run by marketing communications. Marketeers are interested in the consumer’s decision-making process leading to a potential sale. Marketing can target any of the five senses and this research focuses on the sense of smell and ultimately its effects on the behaviour of consumers. Reference to older methodology is made along the study due to its remaining relevance to this day and age. This study seeks to assess the relationship, if any, between scents and consumer behaviour. More specifically, the objective was to assess if lavender and citrus scents impact a customer’s dining experience in terms of money and length of time spent in mid-range restaurants in Malta. The experiment in this study was conducted in three restaurants. The restaurants were chosen according to specific standards highlighted in the methodology using convenience sampling. Three consecutive Fridays and Saturdays, were allocated to test the identified scents where the start time, end time, number of guests, total experience time and sales per table were noted. Once the experiments were carried out for all three restaurants, two statistical tests were conducted to prove whether the results were statistically significant, thereby providing answers to the research question. The findings from this study suggest that scents did not statistically explain the results of time and money spent in restaurants by consumers. Following this result, a number of alternative factors for the statistical insignificance of scent on consumer behaviour, were suggested.

A Framework for Dynamic Context-Centric Commander Decision Support

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Santos ◽  
Hien Nguyen ◽  
Jacob Russell ◽  
Joshua Day ◽  
Scott Pegleow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Sequential Decision ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Fundamental Research

This paper addresses the fundamental research question: “How can we determine the sequential decision- making process inside a decision maker’s mind?” We construct a dynamic Markov Decision Process using a Double Transition Model (DTM). The DTM is a cognitive model decomposing the decision-making process into episodic tasks that are extracted from a stream of incoming information. In a DTM, each state reflects a stage en route to a decision, and each action reflects a possible move from collecting data to hypothesizing and inferencing. The reward reflects how close a stage is to the final decision. We demonstrate this process through a proof-of-concept DTM using a hypothetical scenario for Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines (2013). The DTM constructed from this scenario enables a Commander to reason about damaged areas, death tolls, and assistance methods while allowing his actions to be captured and used to explain why and how each decision is made.

scholarly journals Federal vs. Central Foreign Policy German Foreign Policy Structure An Analysis of Decision-Making Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebin Dr. Fard
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Question ◽  
German Foreign Policy ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Policy Structure ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Domestic Level

<p>To answer the research question , I focus on the domestic level to draw up a profile of the German foreign policy making process. For the analysis content analysis is used as a research method in order to examine the legitimate actors who make foreign policy decisions and determine the guidelines of German foreign policy. </p>

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