scholarly journals Vivência e (re)existência à margem do cânone: Olhos d’água, de Conceição Evaristo

Scriptorium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Natasha Fernanda Ferreira Rocha ◽  
Luiz Henrique Moreira Soares

A literatura contemporânea brasileira tem se configurado como território que congrega disputas e jogos de poder, espaço de produção de contradições e desconstruções constantes. Assim, destaca-se o fato de que o monopólio da produção artística não se encontra mais estritamente ligado a grandes padrões econômicos – se, por um lado, a literatura, em sua maioria, ainda é produzida pelos mesmos rostos/experiências, por outro, a nova literatura procura ser democrática e “aposta na instituição de um sistema literário partilhado, que reconhece novas subjetividades e novos atores no mundo da cultura, e na reconfiguração do próprio termo literatura” (RESENDE, 2014). O presente artigo, entretanto, objetiva andar à margem do tapete vermelho do cânone para esquadrinhar identidades silenciadas: a mulher negra, enquanto produtora de arte, e as sexualidades não hegemônicas, enquanto representação literária. Para tanto, parte-se da análise de dois contos contidos no livro Olhos d’água (2014), da escritora Conceição Evaristo. Pode-se observar, ao final, que há uma produção de resistências discursivas e corporais à noção de campo literário brasileiro ainda como um lugar reservado à branquitude, ao falocentrismo e à heterossexualidade, – e que essa resistência literária se presta, nesse sentido, como força política que coloca em cheque a manutenção de um poder estabelecido. *** Experience and re(existence) outside the canon: Olhos d’água, from Conceição Evaristo ***The contemporary Brazilian literature has been configured as a territory that congregates disputes and games ofpower, space for the production of contradictions and constant deconstructions. Thus, the fact that the monopoly of artistic production is no longer strictly linked to high economic standards – if, literature, on the other hand, is still produced by the same faces/experiences, on the other hand, the new literature seeks to be democratic and “focuses on the institution of a shared literary system that recognizes new subjectivities and new actors in the world of culture, and in the reconfiguration of the term literature itself” (RESENDE, 2014). The present article, however, aims at walking away from the red carpet of the canon to search for silenced identities: the black woman as an art producer, and non-hegemonic sexualities, as a literary representation. To do so, we start with the analysis of two short stories contained in the book Olhos d’água (2014), by Conceição Evaristo. In the end, it can be observed that there is a production of discursive and corporal resistances to the notion of the Brazilian literary fieldas a place still reserved for whiteness, phallocentrism and heterosexuality – and that this literary resistance provides itself, in this sense, as a political force that puts in check the maintenance of an established power.Keywords: Afro-Brazilian literature; female authorship; contemporary literature.

Navegações ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Luís Roberto De Souza Júnior

A historiografia literária brasileira viveu uma situação paradoxal nas primeiras décadas após a Independência do país (1822). A literatura, na condição de item de um sistema simbólico que ajudava a delinear o conceito de nação, precisava de uma historiografia para legitimá-la. Por outro lado, não era possível cunhar uma historiografia, dado que o Brasil não possuía ainda obras representativas de um sistema literário, conforme os parâmetros estabelecidos por Antonio Candido. O artigo trata desse paradoxo, tomando como base em textos de estudiosos da literatura e historiadores. Também se mostra como essa situação transparece em três textos do período: “Sobre a história da literatura do Brasil” (1836), de Gonçalves de Magalhães; “Bosquejo da história da poesia brasileira” (1840/41), de Joaquim Norberto de Sousa Silva; e “Da nacionalidade da literatura brasileira” (1843), de Santiago Nunes Ribeiro.********************************************************************The need of the impossible: the paradox of Brazilian Literaturein the first decades after the country’s independenceAbstract: Brazilian literary historiography lived a paradoxical situation in the first decades after the country’s independence (1822). The literature, as a part of a symbolic system that helped to shape the concept of nation, needed a historiography to legitimize it. On the other hand, it was not possible to coin a historiography, given that Brazil did not yet have enough representative works that would constitute a literary system, according to the definition of Antonio Candido. Based on texts of literature scholars and historians, this article analyses this paradox. It also shows how this situation is seen in three texts of the period: “Sobre a história da literatura do Brasil” (1836), by Gonçalves de Magalhães; “Bosquejo da história da poesia brasileira” (1840/41), by Joaquim Norberto de Sousa Silva; and “Da nacionalidade da literatura brasileira” (1843), by Santiago Nunes Ribeiro.Keywords: Literary historiography; Brazilian literature; Literary system


Scriptorium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Thales Sant'Ana Ferreira Mendes

Pretendemos expor as ideias principais que norteiam a produção crítica de Carvalho Júnior. Relembrado pelos estudiosos como poeta de alguns poemas “carnais”, o autor é extremamente desconhecido enquanto crítico literário e político; não obstante, contribuiu para a formação de uma crítica literária brasileira. Tomando como fonte o corpus recolhido por Arthur Barreiros (1879), este artigo funciona como uma introdução a essa produção de Carvalho Júnior. Assim, dividimo-lo em duas partes centrais: uma referente às suas concepções de literatura e de sistema literário, e outra sobre sua crítica literária e seu método crítico. Com isto, analisamos como o aporte estabelecido naquela influiu na prática desta. Demonstramos que a concepção de literatura do autor, alinhada a seus posicionamentos políticos, se baseia num ideal positivista, sobretudo taineano: haveria um vínculo estreito entre sociedade e produção artística, de forma que esta seria produto do meio e, juntamente com ele, evoluiria. Sua crítica literária, por outro lado, se pende para o Realismo-Naturalismo, parece nunca ter abandonado os sestros românticos, ou mesmo os clássicos, fazendo-o recorrer a Staël, Schlegel, Dumas filho e Aristóteles. É, por fim, uma crítica literária bem representativa do clima intelectual de 1870-1890, sobretudo no que diz respeito à confluência de estéticas literárias. *** Carvalho Júnior, literary and political critic ***This paper aims at presenting the main ideas that constitute the critical production of Carvalho Júnior. The author, remembered by many scholars as the poet of some sensual poems, is entirely unknown as a literary and political critic. Nevertheless, he contributed to the formation of a Brazilian literary criticism. Thus, this paper works as an introduction to Carvalho Júnior’s literary criticism, taking as a source the corpus collected by Arthur Barreiros (1879). For this purpose, we divided the paper in two central parts: one concerning his conceptions of literature and of literary system, and another about his literary criticism and his critical method. We analyse how the contribution established in that one influenced the practice of his criticism. We demonstrate that his conception of literature, attached to his political positions, was based on a positivist ideal: there would be a link between the society and its artistic production, so that the latter would be a product of the milieu and, along with it, would evolve. His literary criticism, on the other hand, although adept of the Realism-Naturalism, never excluded the romantic and even classic tendencies, making Carvalho Júnior turn to Staël, Schlegel, Dumas fils and Aristotle. Lastly, his literary criticism is representative of the 1870-1890 intelligentsia, mainly concerning the confluence of literary aesthetics.Keywords: Francisco Antônio de Carvalho Júnior; literary criticism; 19th century.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 065-073
Author(s):  
Xing Fan ◽  

Contemporary literature has always been a dynamic arena for reflecting on and discussing a country’s social changes. With the worsening of social problems and the resurgence of right-wing forces in Brazil in the last decade, literature has endured a series of crises, but it has also found new opportunities. The “marginal writers” who attracted attention at the beginning of the century have gradually moved to the center of Brazilian literature. Aside from denouncing the social problems that exist in the periphery, such as violence, discrimination and poverty, they now pay more attention to the inner feelings of the vulnerable. On the other hand, writers who are known for their psychological descriptions have also begun to explore social issues, often maintaining the subjective perspectives of their characters. This essay argues that the merging of the marginal with the center and of collectivity with subjectivity implies the advent of a new type of narrative in contemporary Brazilian literature.


Imbizo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Epongse Nkealah ◽  
Olutoba Gboyega Oluwasuji

Ideas of nationalisms as masculine projects dominate literary texts by African male writers. The texts mirror the ways in which gender differentiation sanctions nationalist discourses and in turn how nationalist discourses reinforce gender hierarchies. This article draws on theoretical insights from the work of Anne McClintock and Elleke Boehmer to analyse two plays: Zintgraff and the Battle of Mankon by Bole Butake and Gilbert Doho and Hard Choice by Sunnie Ododo. The article argues that women are represented in these two plays as having an ambiguous relationship to nationalism. On the one hand, women are seen actively changing the face of politics in their societies, but on the other hand, the means by which they do so reduces them to stereotypes of their gender.


Author(s):  
Hugh H. Benson
Keyword(s):  
The One ◽  

This chapter presents a reading of Plato’s Euthyphro, Apology, and Crito. These dialogues, in which Plato depicts the weeks leading up to Socrates’s last day, are replete with various philosophical explorations. Among those explorations is the question of how to live our lives. On the one hand, Socrates is clear and straightforward. We should live the examined life—making logoi and examining ourselves and others in order to determine whether we are as wise as we think we are, and we should live the virtuous life. This is how Socrates lives his life. On the other hand, the examined life undercuts, or at least should undercut, the confidence with which he seeks to live the virtuous life. It may help bring some stability to the general principles by which he lives his life, but it can do so only defeasibly and without certainty.


2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-288
Author(s):  
Stefan Keine ◽  
Trupti Nisar ◽  
Rajesh Bhatt

We describe and analyze the previously undocumented verbal agreement system of Kutchi (Indo-Aryan). We argue that Kutchi instantiates a novel type of split ergativity. First, it exhibits an aspect split in that agreement in non-perfective clauses behaves on a par with agreement in intransitive perfective clauses, in stark contrast to transitive perfective clauses. A striking property of Kutchi is that these asymmetries manifest themselves in the richness of agreement. In the former configurations, the verb agrees with the subject for person, number and gender. In the latter, on the other hand, agreement is systematically defective and reliable fails to cross-references certain φ-features. In addition to this aspect split, Kutchi displays a person split: While the verb normally agrees with the subject, it surprisingly fails to do so in transitive perfective clauses with a 1st person subject. Instead, it is the object that triggers agreement in these configurations, likewise in a defective manner. We will argue that these agreement asymmetries are syntactic in nature rather than morphological. Our analysis builds on, and extends, previous work by Laka (2006) and Coon (2010).


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-331
Author(s):  
Suwei Wu ◽  
Alan Cienki

AbstractAn increasing number of studies are being devoted to the investigation of what aspects of grammar, and of events, expressed in speech are coordinated with gesture. However, previous studies have focused on gesture use in relation to either transitivity or event properties, without considering how these factors interact. In this study, we consider how gesture use relates to transitivity when the type of event in the causativeinchoative alternation is considered, and also how gesture use relates to properties of the events when the type of transitivity is considered. We found various relations both between gesture use and transitivity on the one hand, and between gesture use and certain properties of events on the other hand. Whereas some of the results contrast with the findings in previous studies about the relation between gesture and transitivity, other results obtained actually reinforce and complement some previous findings. The results concerning event properties and gesture also add to previous studies about which properties of certain motor-spatial events relate to gesture and how they do so. The study thus provides a more nuanced understanding of the relation between gesture and language.


1996 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
GREG KUPERBERG

We discuss the consequences of the possibility that Vassiliev invariants do not detect knot invertibility as well as the fact that quantum Lie group invariants are known not to do so. On the other hand, finite group invariants, such as the set of homomorphisms from the knot group to M11, can detect knot invertibility. For many natural classes of knot invariants, including Vassiliev invariants and quantum Lie group invariants, we can conclude that the invariants either distinguish all oriented knots, or there exist prime, unoriented knots which they do not distinguish.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-147
Author(s):  
Hyalle Abreu Viana ◽  
Ana Raquel Rosas Torres ◽  
José Luis Álvaro Estriamana

This article aimed to analyze the stereotypes attributed to "egalitarian men", understood here as men who support gender equality in relation to domestic and family responsibilities as well as inclusion in the workforce. To do so, two studies were carried out. The first study investigated the attribution of stereotypes to egalitarian men through a single open question. A total of 250 university students participated in this study, of which 51.1% were male, and their average age was 21.5 years (SD = 4.39). The second study analyzed the attribution of stereotypes to egalitarian or traditional men and women in a work context considered masculine. Participants included 221 university students with a mean age of 21.9 years (SD = 4.19), the majority (54.3%) being male. Taken together, the results of the two studies indicate that the egalitarian man is perceived as fragile and possibly homosexual. On the other hand, he is also seen as being more competent than traditional men.


Horizontes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evanilson Tavares de França ◽  
Maria Batista Lima

ResumoA compreensão de quilombo como território de resistência e preservação da cultura de base africana perpassa os discursos de pesquisadores diversos, como Almeida, O’Dwyer e Arruti, inserindo-se nas análises deste último as ressemantizações sofridas pelo termo e os determinantes históricos que as trouxeram à luz. A ressemantização, ainda segundo Arruti, que interpreta quilombo como território de resistência, vai compor as bandeiras do Movimento Negro Unificado (MNU). Por outro lado, o entendimento de currículo como relação de poder e como instrumento/estratégia capaz de interferir na formação do outro revela o quanto este instituto pedagógico é capaz de inserir/excluir, empoderar/fragilizar, desvelar/camuflar. É neste cenário de entendimentos que se insereeste artigo, objetivando pensar/propor saberes capazes de fomentar a Educação Escolar Quilombola nosterritórios dos remanescentes quilombos e nas unidades de ensino que atendem a estudantes originários/as daquelas comunidades. Para tanto, construímos diálogos com as legislações (vigentes) e com teóricos que abordam a temática. Palavras-chave: quilombo; currículo; educação escolar quilombola. Reflections on quilombola school education: elements for teaching practice AbstractThe understanding of a quilombo as a resistance territory and african culture preservation territory permeates the words of several researchers, such as Almeida, O’Dwyer and Arruti, being inserted in the last author’s analysis the changes in meaning suffered by the expression and the historical determinants which brought those to light. – It’s precisely the change in meaning, still according to Arruti, who interprets a quilombo as a space/time of resistance that will compose the flags of the United Black Movement (UBM). On the other hand, the understanding of curriculum as a power relation and as a tool/strategy capable of interfering in the formation of other emphasizes how much this pedagogic institute is able to insert/exclude, empower/weaken, revealing/hiding. It is in such a scenario of thoughts and understandings that this article is inserted, aiming to think/propose knowledges capable of promoting Quilombola School Education in the territories of the remaining quilombos and at the educational units that assist students originated/from that community. To do so, we have established dialogues with legislations (in effect) and also with theorists who do research on the topic.Keywords: quilombo; curriculum; quilombola school education.


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