When the Periphery Becomes the Center: New Trends in Contemporary Brazilian Fiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 065-073
Author(s):  
Xing Fan ◽  

Contemporary literature has always been a dynamic arena for reflecting on and discussing a country’s social changes. With the worsening of social problems and the resurgence of right-wing forces in Brazil in the last decade, literature has endured a series of crises, but it has also found new opportunities. The “marginal writers” who attracted attention at the beginning of the century have gradually moved to the center of Brazilian literature. Aside from denouncing the social problems that exist in the periphery, such as violence, discrimination and poverty, they now pay more attention to the inner feelings of the vulnerable. On the other hand, writers who are known for their psychological descriptions have also begun to explore social issues, often maintaining the subjective perspectives of their characters. This essay argues that the merging of the marginal with the center and of collectivity with subjectivity implies the advent of a new type of narrative in contemporary Brazilian literature.

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-431
Author(s):  
Irena Petrović ◽  
Marija Radoman

AbstractThe authors analyze the changes in value patterns—patriarchy, authoritarianism and nationalism—in Serbia in the context of the social changes that have marked the postsocialist transformation period. They focus on the extent and intensity of two sub-patterns within each of these three basic value patterns: private and public patriarchy, general and specific authoritarianism, organic (natural) and ethnic nationalism. The conclusions about changes in these value patterns are drawn on the basis of three empirical studies conducted in 2003, 2012, and 2018. They show the prevalence of private patriarchy, general authoritarianism, and organic (natural) nationalism over their counterparts. Private patriarchy has weakened, which is largely to be explained by the significant structural changes in Serbia. On the other hand, support of general authoritarianism and organic (natural) nationalism has been on the rise, which clearly mirrors the unfavorable economic and political situation in the country.


2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 226-251
Author(s):  
Alejandro Arteaga Martínez

Palamás, Echevete y yo o el lago asfaltado (Palamás, Echevete and I or the asphalted lake), Mexican Diego Cañedo’s second novel (1945), elaborates the time travel to the Mexican past. The sci-fi theme of the novel sustains a social criticism, and imitates H. G. Wells’ The Time Machine plot. In this essay, the sociocritical part of Cañedo’s work is studied, on one hand, because it seems to respond to the social problems of the period 1934-1946; and, on the other hand, because the relations established with Wells’ novel.


2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Fathurrahman Azhari

Abstract: The Dynamics of Social Change and Islamic Law are related each other in making a change. In the one hand,  social changeis caused by the Islamic law, but on the other hand, the change of Islamic law itself is causedby the social changes. The existence of Islamic law, which was brought  by Rasulullah Saw, had clearly changed the social community at that time;the changes started from jahiliyyah societyera that strongly held  their  tradition to the Islamic societyera that held Islamic law.By the same token, Islamic law had also made a change due to social changes. According to juries-prudency of Islamic law(regulations made by fukaha/Islamic cleric) that thechange of the fatwa (advice) was caused by the change of the periode, place, situation (niat) and tradition".  By doing the change of law, the Islamic law becomes dynamic, and adaptable and islamic lawswould be up to date in accordance with the current development and the social changes.الملخص: الدينا ميكية الاجتماعية والأحكام الشرعية مرتبطان في إيجاد التغير. من جهة كان التغير الاجتماعي بسبب وجود الأحكام الشرعية. ومن جهة اخرى تغيّر الحكم الشرعي بسبب التغيّر الاجتماعى . وجود الشريعة الاسلامية التي أتى بها الرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم غيّرت - بوضوح - المجتمعات فى ذلك الوقت من مجتمعات جاهلية متمسكة بالعادات إلى مجتمعات إسلامية متمسكة بالشريعة الاسلامية. ولكن الأحكام الشرعية أيضا تتغير بسبب التغير الاجتماعي الموافق بالقاعدة الفقهية التي وضعها الفقهاء " تغير الفتوى بتغير الزمان والمكان والاحوال والعادة " فبتغير الاحكام  تكون الأحكام الشرعية مرنة، عطوفة، لينة، قابلة للمواجهة ، اذن كانت الأحكام الشرعية قابلة للتجديد ومناسبة بتطور الزمان والتغير الاجتماعي. Abstrak: Dinamika sosial dan hukum Islam saling memiliki keterkaitan dalam melakukan perubahan. Satu sisi perubahan sosial karena hukum Islam. Di sisi lain, perubahan hukum Islam karena  perubahan sosial. Keberadaan hukum Islam yang dibawa oleh Rasulullah Saw. dengan jelas merubah sosial masyarakat pada waktu itu dari masyarakat jahiliyyah yang berpegang kepada adat kebiasaan mereka menjadi masyarakat Islam yang berpegang kepada hukum Islam. Tetapi hukum Islam juga melakukan perubahan karena terjadinya perubahan sosial. Sesuai dengan kaidah fikih yang dibuat oleh fuqaha: “berubahnya fatwa dengan sebab berubahnya masa, tempat, keadaan (niat) dan adat kebiasaan.” Dengan melakukan perubahan hukum, maka hukum Islam itu dinamis, dan mampu beradaptasi, sehingga hukum Islam itu op tu date sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman dan perubahan sosial.


Scriptorium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Natasha Fernanda Ferreira Rocha ◽  
Luiz Henrique Moreira Soares

A literatura contemporânea brasileira tem se configurado como território que congrega disputas e jogos de poder, espaço de produção de contradições e desconstruções constantes. Assim, destaca-se o fato de que o monopólio da produção artística não se encontra mais estritamente ligado a grandes padrões econômicos – se, por um lado, a literatura, em sua maioria, ainda é produzida pelos mesmos rostos/experiências, por outro, a nova literatura procura ser democrática e “aposta na instituição de um sistema literário partilhado, que reconhece novas subjetividades e novos atores no mundo da cultura, e na reconfiguração do próprio termo literatura” (RESENDE, 2014). O presente artigo, entretanto, objetiva andar à margem do tapete vermelho do cânone para esquadrinhar identidades silenciadas: a mulher negra, enquanto produtora de arte, e as sexualidades não hegemônicas, enquanto representação literária. Para tanto, parte-se da análise de dois contos contidos no livro Olhos d’água (2014), da escritora Conceição Evaristo. Pode-se observar, ao final, que há uma produção de resistências discursivas e corporais à noção de campo literário brasileiro ainda como um lugar reservado à branquitude, ao falocentrismo e à heterossexualidade, – e que essa resistência literária se presta, nesse sentido, como força política que coloca em cheque a manutenção de um poder estabelecido. *** Experience and re(existence) outside the canon: Olhos d’água, from Conceição Evaristo ***The contemporary Brazilian literature has been configured as a territory that congregates disputes and games ofpower, space for the production of contradictions and constant deconstructions. Thus, the fact that the monopoly of artistic production is no longer strictly linked to high economic standards – if, literature, on the other hand, is still produced by the same faces/experiences, on the other hand, the new literature seeks to be democratic and “focuses on the institution of a shared literary system that recognizes new subjectivities and new actors in the world of culture, and in the reconfiguration of the term literature itself” (RESENDE, 2014). The present article, however, aims at walking away from the red carpet of the canon to search for silenced identities: the black woman as an art producer, and non-hegemonic sexualities, as a literary representation. To do so, we start with the analysis of two short stories contained in the book Olhos d’água (2014), by Conceição Evaristo. In the end, it can be observed that there is a production of discursive and corporal resistances to the notion of the Brazilian literary fieldas a place still reserved for whiteness, phallocentrism and heterosexuality – and that this literary resistance provides itself, in this sense, as a political force that puts in check the maintenance of an established power.Keywords: Afro-Brazilian literature; female authorship; contemporary literature.


Vox Patrum ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 361-373
Author(s):  
Maciej Kokoszko ◽  
Katarzyna Gibel-Buszewska

The present article focuses on one of the Greek delicacies mentioned by Photius and Eustathius, i.e. a Lydian import called kandaulos/kandylos. The dish was developed before the mid. VI th c. BC and named after a Lydian king, Kandaules, who ruled in the VII th c. BC. The delicacy was (via the Ionians) borrowed by the Helens and established itself in Greece sometime in the V th c. It became popular in Hellenistic times. The information we possess allow us to reconstruct two varieties of kandaulos/ kandylos. The first was savoury and consisted of cooked meat, stock, Phrygian cheese, breadcrumbs and dill (or fennel). The other included milk, lard, cheese and honey. The dish is reported to have been costly, prestigious and indicating the social status of those who would eat it. Though there is much evidence suggesting its popularity in antiquity, we lack solid evidence proving that kaunaudlos/kandylos was eaten in Byzantine times. On the other hand, Byzantine authors preserved the most detailed literary data on the delicacy. If it had not been for the Byzantine interest, our competence in the field of Greek cuisine would be even faultier.


2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-292
Author(s):  
Christian Krijnen

AbstractContemporary philosophy of recognition represents probably the most prominent direction that presently claims to introduce an updated version of classical German idealism into ongoing debates, including the debate on the nature of sociality. In particular, studies of Axel Honneth offer triggering contributions in Frankfurt School fashion while at the same time rejuvenating Hegel’s philosophy in terms of a philosophy of recognition. According to Honneth, this attempt at a rejuvenation also involves substantial modification of Hegelian doctrines. It is shown that Honneth underestimates the implications of Hegel’s thoughts about the theme, method and systematic form of philosophy. As a consequence, Honneth’s social philosophy is, on the one hand, in need of a plausible foundation. This leads, on the other hand, to a different construction of the social within philosophy than Honneth offers.


Aksara ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Tanjung Turaeni ◽  
Puji Retno Hardiningtyas

Abstrak Kritik sosial sebagai sebuah ide atau berbagai bentuk gagasan yang bertolak belakang dengan kenyataan yang tidak sesuai dengan tujuan dan harapan dari tatanan dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas aspek sosial yang meliputi struktur cerita, masalah sosial dan kritik sosial bermuatan lokal Bali yang tercermin dalam kumpulan cerita pendek berbahasa Bali Nguntul Tanah Nulengék Langit karya I Made Suarsa. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan teknik interpretatif. Dalam pengolahan data dilakukan tahapan klasifikasi, pendeskripsian, penerjemahan, dan penganalisisan data. Untuk mengetahui masalah sosial dan kritik sosial dalam cerpen tersebut, digunakan teori sosiologi sastra dan teori struktural untuk mengetahui struktur formal yang membangun cerita tersebut. Hasil dan pembahasan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kritik sosial yang dapat terhimpun dalam cerita tersebut adalah kritik sosial terhadap kemiskinan, kritik sosial disorganisasi keluarga dan kritik terhadap adat dan tradisi serta serta kehidupan sosial masyarakat Bali. Dengan demikian, lahirnya cerpen karya I Made Suarsa ini memperlihatkan kemegahan pariwisata, masih terdapat ketimpangan sosial dalam masyarakat Bali. Kata kunci: cerpen, kritik sosial, masalah sosial, muatan lokal Bali Abstract Social criticism as an idea or various forms of ideas that are contrary to reality is not in accordance with the goals and expectations of the order in society. This study aims to discuss the social aspects which include story structure, social issues and social criticism with local Balinese content as re ected in a collection of short stories in Balinese language “Nguntul Tanah Nulengék Langit” by I Made Suarsa. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative and note taking techniques. In data processing, the stages of classi cation, description, translation and data analysis are carried out. To nd out the social problems and social criticism in the short story, the sociology approach of Sapardi Djoko Damono’s view is used and is assisted by a structural approach to determine the formal structure that builds the story. The results of the study show that the social criticisms that can be collected in the story are social criticism of poverty, social criticism of family disorganization and criticism of customs and traditions as well as the social life of Balinese people who seem famous by tourism, but in fact there are still social inequalities in Balinese society. Keywords: social problems, social criticism, short stories 


Author(s):  
Touré Bassamanan

This paper highlights the different layers of meaning that characterize the notion of manhood in Gaines’ fiction. The quest for manhood represents an imperative for the frustrated men in the framework of the social context wherein they are emasculated. Here, manhood should be grasped through a binary paradigm. On the one hand, the expression of manhood equates with male domination and violence. On the other hand, due to social expectations, manhood refers to the struggle for freedom. It undermines the white racial superiority and it claims blacks’ humanity. Manhood fosters humanistic principles. Thus, it takes on a universal dimension.


Author(s):  
Mochamad Yudha Febrianta ◽  
Yusditira Yusditira ◽  
Sri Widianesty

Virtual Hotel Operator (VHO) trend is growing rapidly, especially in Indonesia. Two of the most popular VHO in Indonesia are OYO and RedDoorz, both have been competing to attain the first position. Both OYO and RedDoorz have their own social media marketing strategies. For example, OYO persuades other conventional hotels to collaborate and use the OYO platform in their businesses. On the other hand, RedDoorz was recorded as the most visited Virtual Hotel Operator Platform in 2019, based on the data of Konsumen Jakpat 2019. OYO and RedDoorz also utilize social media to promote their services such as Instagram and Twitter. For advertising their businesses in social media, OYO and RedDoorz often use some social media influencers or known as influencer social media marketing. Influencers should be able to effectively deliver the messages and influence people’s decisions to use the products or services they advertise. This study aims to further explore the social media marketing strategy employed by OYO and RedDoorz. The results of Social Network Analysis by using “oyoindonesia” and ‘reddoorz’ as keywords in social media Twitter showed that RedDoorz has a bigger social network and more users involved in spreading their information than OYO. On the other hand, OYO's official account on Twitter is more efficient in performing its function as marketing media.


Lexicon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemima Febriani ◽  
Sharifah Hanidar

This research aims to analyze the request strategies used in an American TV Series entitled Full House season 7 episodes 1-12. The main characters are family members from three different age groups (adult, teenager, and children). This research attempts to see if there is any difference on the choice of request strategies used by the three age groups. Blum-Kulka and Olshtain’s (1984) theory on request directness level is used to classify the requests. Relative power and social distance are also studied to see how they influence the characters in making their requests. The results show that mood derivable is the most frequent strategy used by all age groups. Specifically, direct request is highly used by the adult age groups. On the other hand, indirect request is mostly used by the younger age groups. The results also show that all age groups tend to use direct strategy when the social distance is negative. However, when the social distance is positive, the choice of strategy depends on the authority of the speaker.


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