scholarly journals The Role of Education in the Formation of Human Sociability

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Ivana Knežić
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Third ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of

Aim: The paper aims at highlighting philosophical roots of the relation issue between nature and education in the process of socialization. Method: For the purpose of the research critical philosophical analysis and comparison of Thomas Hobbes’ and Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s texts has been used. Concept: The first part of the paper clarifies the concept of nature and explains changes in understanding of this concept thorough the history of philosophy, with the special emphasis on transformation that happened in transition from medieval to modern period. Since both Hobbes and Rousseau are representatives of modern philosophy, the second section of the paper shows how modern concept of nature manifests in the works of the two philosophers and compares, in a more detailed way, their understanding of human nature or natural state of mankind, focusing on comparison of their concepts of human natural unsociability. The third part examines more closely the role of education in transformation of human individuals into social beings. Results: Research shows that, for the two philosophers, the role of education in the process of socialization consists in denaturalization of human beings. Conclusion: Hobbes’ and Rousseau’s idea of the relation of education and nature in the process of socialization constitutes a basis for justification of manipulations of education for political ends. To avoid such manipulations and find the adequate concept of education, paper suggests to search for the adequate concept of human nature first.      Key Words: education, human nature, sociability, Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

What Does History Matter to the History of Philosophy?

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-424
Author(s):  
Stephen Gaukroger
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Early Modern Philosophy ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Matter

Abstract Contrary to most modern interpretations, in the early modern period, history was an indispensable resource for many philosophers. The different uses of history by Bacon, Gassendi, Locke, and Hume are explored to establish the role of history as a resource in early-modern philosophy.

scholarly journals Prinsip Filsafat Sebagai Ancilia Theologiae Dan Kontribusinya Bagi Mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Theologia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Marlon Butar-butar
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Human Attention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Made In

Filsafat lahir sejak manusia mulai berpikir, karenanya perannya sangatlah penting dalam hidup dan kemajuan manusia. Tidak ada penemuan tanpa didahuli proses bertanya dan mencari jawabannya. Di sanalah filsafat memainkan peran. Karena itu manusia modern tidak mungkin meninggalkan filsafa. Filsafat tidak menyelidiki salah satu segi dari kenyataan saja, melainkan apa-apa saja yang menarik perhatian manusia. Komposisi filsafat mengandung pertanyaan mengenai asal-usul dan tujuan, tentang hidup dan kematian, tentang hakikat manusia. Sederhananya, berfilsafat adalah kegiatan untuk mencari tahu. Dalam perkembangannya filsafat telah mendominasi ratio manusia untuk menetukan benar salah suatu pemikiran. Perkembangan ini pun sangat dimanfaatkan oleh para ilmuwan, yang akhirnya benar-benar sangat mempengaruhi soal-soal spiritual, termasuk bidang teologia. Dalam sejarah dua bidang ini sangat kuat saling mempengaruhi hingga pada abad pertengahan hingga modern filsafat seolah meninggalkan teologia, akhirnya banyak pihak menjadi antipati terhadapnya, karena dianggap sebagai musuh teologia. Keadaan ini sangat mempengaruhi sikap dan minat belajar mahasiswa di mana penulis berkecimpung, karenanya sebagai satu refleksi tulisan ini dibuat agar dapat mengembalikan peran filsafat dalam teologia. Philosophy was born since humans began to think, therefore its role is very important in human life and progress. There is no discovery without the process of asking questions and finding the answers. That's where philosophy plays a role. Therefore, modern humans can not leave philosophers. Philosophy does not investigate just one aspect of reality, but anything that attracts human attention. The philosophical composition contains questions about the origin and purpose, about life and death, about human nature. Simply put, philosophy is an activity to find out. In its development, philosophy has dominated the human ratio to determine whether a thought is correct. This development was greatly utilized by scientists, who ultimately really greatly influenced spiritual matters, including the field of theology. In the history of these two fields very strongly influenced each other until the Middle Ages to modern philosophy as if leaving theology, eventually many parties became antipathy towards it, because it was considered an enemy of theology. This situation greatly affects the attitudes and students' interest in learning where the author is involved, therefore as a reflection this paper is made in order to restore the role of philosophy in theology.

scholarly journals Trzy „odczarowania” nowożytnej koncepcji prawa naturalnego

2020 ◽  
Vol 6(161) ◽  
pp. 169-187
Author(s):  
Michał Wendland
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Natural Rights ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
The Third ◽  
Law Of Nature ◽  
Theological Foundations ◽  
History Of

he article addresses, in the perspective of the history of modern philosophy, the issue of the transformation to which the concept of natural law was subject in the 17th and 18th centuries. The author shares the views of, among others, Habermas and Bobbio, according to which the modern concept of natural law has been made “more positive” or “disenchanted” (after Weber), and thus the traditionally understood law of nature was transformed into the concept of natural rights. The article distinguishes three forms of this process: the first one, i.e., the so-called bourgeois school of natural law (Grotius, Thomasius, Pufendorf); the second one, developed by representatives of the early (moderate) Enlightenment (Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu); the third one, the most radical one, represented by the thinkers the late Enlightenment, mainly French encyclopaedists and materialists (La Mettrie, Holbach, Condorcet, Paine). Their common feature was the gradual abandonment of the metaphysical or theological foundations of natural law in favour of a naturalised ethic.

Do conhecimento objetivo ao problema corpo - mente

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-113
Author(s):  
Nathalia Gleyce dos Santos Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Third ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Mind

Resumo:  Apresenta-se uma discussão sobre o conhecimento e a tese dos três mundos no qual a interação entre estes nos aproxima da verdade do problema corpo-mente, tendo em vista, uma nova proposta de solução. O terceiro mundo é uma peça importante neste trabalho; sendo assim, analisaremos o que Popper designa como Mundo 3, em que ele consiste e o papel da linguagem como diferencial do ser humano. Apresentamos as críticas popperianas às correntes monistas e dualistas, ousando fazer uma crítica a Teoria do Conhecimento tradicional. Desta forma, a proposta apresentada por este filósofo da ciência diferencia-se de tudo que estava sendo feito até então, por isso, o interesse de apresentar essa abordagem pouco trabalhada de Popper. Palavras-chave: Conhecimento. Corpo-Mente. Mundo 3.Abstract: In this work, we present a discussion about knowledge and the theory of the three worlds in which the interaction between them approaches to the truth of the mind-body problem, in view of a proposed solution. The third world is an important piece in this work. Therefore, we will analyze what Popper describes as World 3, what it is and the role of language as a differential of human beings. We present Popper’s criticisms to the monistic and dualistic currents, daring to criticize the theory of traditional knowledge. Thus, the proposal of science presented by this philosopher differs from everything that was being done until then. This explains the interest in presenting this unusual approach to Popper.Keywords: Knowledge. Body-Mind.  World 3. REFERÊNCIASLEAL-TOLEDO, Gustavo . Popper e seu Cérebro. Revista da Faculdade de Letras. Série Filosofia, v. XXIII, p. 59-68, 2007.POPPER, Karl Raimund. A Lógica da Pesquisa Científica. Tradução de Leonidas Hegenberg e Octanny Silveira de Mota.  São Paulo: editora Cultrix. 2007.POPPER, Karl Raimund. Conhecimento Objetivo: uma abordagem evolucionária. Tradução de Milton Amado.  Belo Horizonte, Ed. Itatiaia Ilimitada. São Paulo, Ed. Da Universidade São Paulo, 1975._______.  O Conhecimento e o Problema Corpo –Mente. Tradução Joaquim Alberto Ferreira Gomes. Lisboa, Ed. 70. 1996.   _______. Conjecturas e Refutações: o desenvolvimento do conhecimento científico. Trad. Benedita Bettencourt. Ed. Livraria Almedina, 2006._______.  O Eu e Seu Cérebro. Karl Popper, Jonh C. Eccles;Tradução Silvio Meneses Garcia, Helena Cristina F. Arantes e Aurélio Osmar C. de Oliveira. – Campinas, SP: Papirus; Brasília, DF: Editora Universidade de Brasília. 1991.   _______. O Racionalismo Crítico na Política. Tradução de Maria da Conceição Côrte – Real. Brasília, Editora Universidade de Brasília, 2ª edição, 1994, 74p.SEARLE, John R. La construcción de la realidad social. Trad. Antoni Domènech. Barcelona: Paidós Ibérico, 1995.  

A Metaphysics of Love

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Existential Phenomenology ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Third ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
New Beginning ◽  
Christian Love ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individual Existence ◽  
True Measure

The book is the third and final part of a philosophy of Christian life. The first part applied a phenomenological approach to the literature of the devout life tradition, focussing on the feeling of being drawn to devotion to God; the second part examined what happens when this feeling is interpreted as a call or vocation. At its heart, this is the call to love that is made explicit in the Christian love-commandment but is shown to be implied every time human beings address each other in speech. A metaphysics of love explores the conditions for the possibility of such a call to love. Taking into account contemporary critiques of metaphysics, Dante’s vision of ‘the love that moves the sun and other stars’ challenges us to account for the mutual entwining of human and cosmic love and of being/God and beings/creatures in love. Conditions for the possibility of love are shown to include language, time, and social forms that mediate between immediate individual existence and society as a whole. Faced with the history of human malevolence, love also supposes the possibility of a new beginning, which Christianity sees in the Incarnation, manifest as forgiveness. Where existential phenomenology sees death as definitive of human existence, Christianity finds life’s true measure in love. Thus understood, love reveals the truth of being.

Introduction

Manhunts ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégoire Chamayou ◽  
Steven Rendall
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book focuses on manhunts—the concrete historical phenomena in which human beings were tracked down, captured, or killed in accord with the forms of the hunt. These were regular and sometimes large-scale practices whose forms were first theorized in ancient Greece, long before their enormous expansion in the modern period in conjunction with the development of transatlantic capitalism. The main problem has to do with the fact that the hunter and the hunted do not belong to different species. Since the distinction between the predator and his prey is not inscribed in nature, the hunting relationship is always susceptible to a reversal of positions. Prey sometimes band together to become hunters in their turn. The history of a power is also the history of the struggles to overthrow it.

4. Religion

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
James A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Natural Religion ◽  
Treatise Of Human Nature ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

‘Religion' discusses Hume’s various treatments of religion, particularly in the essay ‘Of Miracles’, Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, and ‘The Natural History of Religion’. Hume's earlier writings show some interesting implications for religion, including A Treatise of Human Nature and the essay ‘Of National Characters’. Looking at ‘Of Miracles’ shows that Hume’s theme was not the possibility of miracles as such, but rather the rational grounds of belief in reports of miracles. Considering the Dialogues emphasizes the distinction between scepticism and atheism. Meanwhile, ‘Natural History’ emphasizes Hume’s interest in the dangerous moral consequences of monotheism. What is the future for religion? Perhaps Hume was unlikely to have supposed that his writings would do anything to reduce religion’s hold on the vast majority of human beings.

Moral education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John White
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Moral Motivation ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Moral Goodness ◽  
The Third ◽  
Moral Learning ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
History Of

This entry looks at three contemporary approaches to moral learning and education, all of which have roots in the history of philosophy. The first holds that just as children grow, or develop, in a physical sense, so they also develop in their moral dispositions or judgments. A central issue here is whether the concept of development is applicable outside its biological home. The second sees moral learning not as a natural process, but as a deliberate induction into socially approved norms or values. On one version of this view, it is not enough to bring children to follow the rules enshrined in conventional moral codes as they need to learn to sift these in the light of higher-order rational principles. Problems arise here both about moral motivation and about whether morality is wholly to do with rules and principles. For other theorists moral education is more a matter of shaping children’s nature-given desires and emotions into settled dispositions or virtues on Aristotelian lines. While the ‘rational principle’ view focuses on the morally autonomous individual, this view has its roots in communal moral traditions. Despite Plato’s belief that only knowledge is teachable, and therefore that it is doubtful whether moral goodness can be taught at all, the third view of moral learning maintains that it must include the acquisition of relevant knowledge and understanding, and cover the formation of dispositions. All this bears on how moral education should feature in schools – on the role of school ethos, learning by example, and the contribution of the whole curriculum.

scholarly journals Bit by (Twitch) Bit: “Platform Capture” and the Evolution of Digital Platforms

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630512093398
Author(s):  
William Clyde Partin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

This article considers the history of donation management tools on the livestreaming platform Twitch. In particular, it details the technical and economic contexts that led to the development of Twitch Bits, a first-party donation management service introduced in 2016. Two contributions to research on the platformization of cultural production are made. One, this article expands the empirical record regarding Twitch by chronicling the role of viewer donations in livestreaming since 2010, as well as the many tools that have facilitated this practice. It is argued that this history traces the complex and co-productive interactions between Twitch as a sociotechnical architecture and a political economy. Two, by considering how the first-party donation tool Twitch Bits has gradually challenged the dominance of the third-party tools that preceded it, this article theorizes the notion of platform capture, a critical rereading of platform envelopment, a popular concept in business studies. Ultimately, it is argued that platform capture demonstrates how platform owners leverage power asymmetries over dependents to aid in their platform’s technical evolution.

The role of pyridostigmine in recovery from motor paralysis in a snakebite patient with an allergic reaction to anti-snake venom

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
Vanita Ahuja ◽  
Anjuman Chander ◽  
Nishit Sawal
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Motor Power ◽  
The Third ◽  
Motor Paralysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Supportive Management

A 30-year-old woman presented as an emergency with a history of snakebite 5 h previously with signs of bulbar palsy, ptosis, respiratory distress and weakness of all four limbs. Mechanical ventilation, anti-snake venom (ASV) and supportive management were immediately instituted. With the third dose of ASV, an early anaphylactic reaction ensued. Subsequent management with corticosteroids and antihistamines over the next few days allowed consciousness to return but muscle power did not improve beyond 2/5. A trial of intravenous neostigmine with glycopyrrolate, however, improved motor power in all four limbs to 3/5. Oral pyridostigmine at 60 mg every 8 h allowed subsequent full motor recovery in all four extremities. We suggest consideration of pyridostigmine to promote motor recovery after an allergic reaction to ASV.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document