scholarly journals Rapid Estimation of the Entropy of Long Codes with Dependent Bits on Low-Power, Low-Bit Microcontrollers (Review of Literature on Reducing the Dimension of a Problem)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-312
Author(s):  
Aleksandr I. Ivanov ◽  
Andrey G. Bannykh
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Trusted Computing ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Statistical Moments ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Image Code ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Processor Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. The aim of the work is to reduce the requirements for bit depth and processor performance of a trusted computing environment when estimating the entropy of long codes with dependent bits. Materials and Methods. Testing procedures recommended by the Russia national standards are used. The transition from the analysis of ordinary long codes to Hamming distances between random Alien codes and the Own image code is used. Results. It is shown that the transition to the presentation of data by the normal distribution law in the space of Hamming distances makes the relationship between mathematical expectation and entropy almost linear. Low-bit tables are constructed that relate the first statistical moments of the distribution of Hamming distances to the entropy of long codes. In calculations, the correlation index of the digits of the studied codes can vary widely. Discussion and Conclusion. The calculation of the mathematical expectation and standard deviation is easily feasible on low-discharge low-power microcontrollers. The use of the synthesized tables makes it possible to pass easily from the lower statistical moments of the Hamming distances to the entropy of long codes. The task of calculating entropy is accelerated many times in comparison with Shannon’s procedures and becomes feasible on cheap low-bit processors.

Feeling Guilty and Flattering God: The Mediating Role of Prayer

2021 ◽  
pp. 009164712199242
Author(s):  
Beata Zarzycka ◽  
Kamil Tomaka ◽  
Katarzyna Zając ◽  
Klaudia Marek
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
High Power ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Shame Proneness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Mediator

Ingratiation refers to acts of flattery, typically given by a low-power person to a high-power one, performed to gain acceptance and approval. This study investigates ingratiation in the religious setting, asking whether people feeling high levels of guilt or shame tend to manifest such ingratiating behavior toward God. The study aimed to examine the mediating role of prayer in the relationship between guilt and shame and ingratiation toward God. A total of 148 respondents (80 women and 68 men) participated in the study. The Religious Ingratiation Scale, the Content of Prayer Scale, and the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale were applied to the research. The results showed that feeling guilty increased the tendency to ingratiation toward God. Prayer was the significant mediator in this relationship. People high in guilt tend to flatter God by offering more adoration and fewer repine prayers.

Investigation of the causes of damage to freight cars during disbanding on non-mechanized sorting slides and development of measures to prevent them

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
S. V. Tankeev ◽  
◽  
A. E. Kolodin ◽  
V. B. Sverdlov ◽  
A. V. Nazarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Third Body ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
The Relationship

The damage assessment of freight cars during shunting and loading and unloading operations was made. The need to review the normative documents regulating the relationship between the owners of rolling stock, owners of non-public tracks and the carrier is noted. The reasons for formation of damage on the wheel pairs of freight cars when disbanding on low-power sorting slides are considered. The conditions for ensuring the deceleration of detachments on non-mechanized sorting slides without damaging the wheels are determined. The analysis of methods for ensuring braking on low-power slides is carried out. A method was chosen to ensure the wheel set rotation by introducing a third body between the rubbing surfaces during the braking of cars, which will take over a part of the resulting heat flow, reducing the temperature and increasing the coefficient of friction in the «wheel-rail» contact zone. A method is proposed to provide braking on the non-mechanized sorting slide during shoe braking by applying a friction compound to a non-working rail. Laboratory tests were carried out, which showed that the introduction of a friction additive can achieve the necessary coefficient of friction to comply with the standard parameters of deceleration of the car in the braking zone.

Lessons Learned … About Curriculum: Five Years on and Half a World Away

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doune Macdonald ◽  
Lisa Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Primary Field ◽  
Health And Physical Education ◽  
Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The knowledge, skills, and attitudes manifested in health and physical education school curricula are an arbitrary selection of that which is known and valued at a particular place and time. Bernstein’s (2000) theories of the social construction of knowledge offer a way to better understand the relationship between the production, selection, and reproduction of curricular knowledge. This article overviews contemporary knowledge in the primary field (production) upon which curriculum writers in the recontextualizing field may draw. It highlights tensions in the knowledge generated within the primary field and, using a case of the USA’s National Standards for Physical Education (NASPE), demonstrates how particular discourses become privileged when translated into curriculum documents in the recontextualizing field.

Research on Mixing Ratio of Waste Mud Brick

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 1103-1106
Author(s):  
Hai Long Wu ◽  
Bing Zhang Huang ◽  
Bang Biao Huang ◽  
Ji Zhen Zhu ◽  
Xi Qiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Green Building ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Waste Reuse ◽  
Green Building Materials ◽  
The Relationship

In order to achieve green building materials, energy conservation, waste reuse purposes. Use city sewage sludge as part of the raw materials for production of shale brick is studied by experiments adopted the different mixing ratio, find matching and the relationship between the compressive strength. Experimental results show that the shale powder to add quality percentage is 40% of dry sludge, formed a burning brick, brick of various performance accord with national standards, not only can save coal and mineral resources, improve the heat insulation brick, but also a lot of recycling of utilization of sludge.

A Study on Temperature Properties of Different Types of Fixed Resistor

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 392-397
Author(s):  
Nattapong Phanthuna ◽  
Chaiwat Jassadajin
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Wound Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resistance Value

This paper studies the relationship between the value of temperature variation and the resistance value of each type of general resistors as well as also determines the temperature coefficient value of each resistor type. All obtained results will be compared to build a guideline for selecting the resistor to apply in any applications accurately and properly. Each type of 1 k-ohm resistor that has different power is used to study its properties and is controlled its temperature variation to be in range of 20 to 30 degree Celsius. An experimental setup to control the temperature variation of the resistors in this paper is that the resistors are put into an oil bath controlled its temperature after that measuring the changed resistance value of the resistors following oil temperature in the bath. The experimental result demonstrates that the temperature variation affects to change the resistance value of Carbon Film type the most but affects to change the resistance value of Wire Wound type with low power the least.

scholarly journals Low-Power Distributed Data Flow Anomaly-Monitoring Technology for Industrial Internet of Things

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han ◽  
Tian ◽  
Shi ◽  
Huang ◽  
Li
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Data Flow ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
The Relationship

. In recent years, the industrial use of the internet of things (IoT) has been constantly growing and is now widespread. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a fundamental technology that has enabled such prevalent adoption of IoT in industry. WSNs can connect IoT sensors and monitor the working conditions of such sensors and of the overall environment, as well as detect unexpected system events in a timely and accurate manner. Monitoring large amounts of unstructured data generated by IoT devices and collected by the big-data analytics systems is a challenging task. Furthermore, detecting anomalies within the vast amount of data collected in real time by a centralized monitoring system is an even bigger challenge. In the context of the industrial use of the IoT, solutions for monitoring anomalies in distributed data flow need to be explored. In this paper, a low-power distributed data flow anomaly-monitoring model (LP-DDAM) is proposed to mitigate the communication overhead problem. As the data flow monitoring system is only interested in anomalies, which are rare, and the relationship among objects in terms of the size of their attribute values remains stable within any specific period of time, LP-DDAM integrates multiple objects as a complete set for processing, makes full use of the relationship among the objects, selects only one “representative” object for continuous monitoring, establishes certain constraints to ensure correctness, and reduces communication overheads by maintaining the overheads of constraints in exchange for a reduction in the number of monitored objects. Experiments on real data sets show that LP-DDAM can reduce communication overheads by approximately 70% when compared to an equivalent method that continuously monitors all objects under the same conditions.

Effects of Continuous Rolling Speed Change Rates on Geometric Dimension between Two Racks when Rolling Rail by Universal Pass

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 2941-2944
Author(s):  
Yu Yan Liu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Hu Zhu ◽  
Lin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Dimension ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Continuous Rolling ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Universal Mill ◽  
Speed Change ◽  
Rolling Deformation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Heavy Rail

This paper used the finite element software to simulate the process of the heavy rail rolling deformation between the UR and ER racks. It studied on the stress distribution law of the universal mill pass, the relationship between the universal mill unbalanced rates of velocity and tension changes of the rack, effect of the universal mill unbalanced rates of velocity on the change of the rolling geometric dimensions caused by the unbalanced rates of velocity. The research can guide the adjustment of the dimensional accuracy of the rail’s universal rolling.

Effect of Thromboplastins and Instrumentation on the Prothrombin Time Test: Implications for National Standards

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Evatt ◽  
D. Triplett ◽  
J. Koepke
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Common Scale ◽  
Time Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The independent effects that different thromboplastins and types of methods have on prothrombin time were studied by analyzing data from a 1977 proficiency testing survey of 2735 laboratories. Each laboratory received three plasma samples with prothrombin times of approximately 12, 16 and 24 seconds which represented normal, partially anticoagulated, and fully anticoagulated plasma respectively. Combinations of 12 different instruments and 12 different thromboplastins were used by the laboratories in evaluating the samples. As determined by a two-way analysis of variance, both the type of thromboplastin and the type of instrument have similar effects upon the prothrombin time. When the mean prothrombin time corrected for independent effects of thromboplastin and method are plotted against the overall mean prothrombin times of each of the three types of plasma samples, the linear relationship between the two is obvious. These relationships can used to convert to a common scale a prothrombin time obtained with any thromboplastin method combination and provides a means for standardizing the prothrombin time test. Retrospective, analysis of data obtained from individual proficiency testing surveys in 1976, 1977, and 1978 suggests that the relationships remained constant during those years. These data suggest that the relationship of any thromboplastin to a thromboplastin standard should be determined independently of the method effect.

Analysis on the Characteristics of Pile Skin Friction under the Displacement Interactions between Pile and Soil around

2011 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 1858-1863
Author(s):  
Pei Yuan Lin ◽  
Lian Sheng Tang ◽  
Qing Feng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Skin Friction ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Difference Function ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Friction Pile ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nonlinear Increase

On the basis of analyzing the occurring mechanism of pile skin friction, pile-soil relative displacement difference function is introduced, and the differential equation which depicts the relationship between pile skin friction and depth is derived, then the calculating model of pile skin friction with depth is established under considering the displacement-interaction process. Field monitoring data are employed to verify the rationality and validity of the model proposed. Through the established model, influences, exerted by pile-soil relative displacement difference, on the pile skin friction distribution are discussed and divided into three stages: I. stage of linear increase; II. stage of nonlinear increase; III. stage of convergence. Filed testing data comparing and theoretical analysis results indicate that the method proposed can describe the transferring process as well as the distribution law of pile skin friction under taking the pile-soil interaction into account, the parameters related and needed can be easily obtained, and the model suggested in this paper is of value in pile theory and engineering.

AN EVALUATION OF A CONFIGURABLE VLIW MICROARCHITECTURE FOR EMBEDDED DSP APPLICATIONS

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 1321-1345
Author(s):  
WANLI LIU ◽  
DAVID H. ALBONESI ◽  
JOHN GOSTOMSKI ◽  
LLOYD PALUM ◽  
DAVE HINTERBERGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Processor Performance ◽  
Embedded Dsp ◽  
Power Models ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Improve Cost ◽  
Dsp Applications

The last decade has witnessed a significant increase in processor offerings geared towards embedded DSP applications. Such processors are commonly VLIW architectures with special ISA and/or microarchitecture features for speeding up signal processing functions and customization options to improve cost/performance. The Jazz Programmable System Architecture from Improv Systems is one such processor offering. Jazz employs a VLIW architecture which is well-suited to the characteristics of embedded DSP applications such as voice over packet, media processing, and home connectivity. The microarchitecture incorporates overlaid datapaths, distributed register file and memory systems, code compression, and parallel computation and memory access. Jazz permits design-time configuration in an attempt to bridge the gap between the flexibility of a programmable processor and the cost-benefit of full customization. In this paper, we explore the cost/performance tradeoffs of the Jazz microarchitecture on various embedded multimedia applications using a detailed cycle-level simulator as well as area and power models. Through a comparison of the performance, power, and area of different hardware configurations running these applications, we demonstrate how the configurability of the architecture affords a cost-performance benefit over a fixed microarchitecture. Key features of the microarchitecture are quantitatively evaluated in terms of their influence on performance. The relationship between compiler optimizations and processor performance is also explored.

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