scholarly journals Administration of hATSCs results in recovery of cerebral infarction animal model

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 420-424
Author(s):  
Tae Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Infarct Region ◽  
Injured Area ◽  
Intact Brain ◽  
The Brain

To examine pathway of stem cell transplanted to the brain, stem cells were infected with flourescence. hATSCs in the infarct region were mostly located at the border between intact brain tissue and the area of the infarction and in other sections within the infarct cavity. Examination of section with flourescence indicated that there was significant gliosis or infiltration of leukocytes around the implantation site of the stem cell. Implanted stem cell integrated and migrated to multiple areas of the brain including the contrallateral cortex. The cells persisted in the sites to which they migrated at 30 days after implantation. The heaviest concentrations of cells were transplanted into rats at 24hr after MCAO, more cells were migrated into injured area of brain cortex. Stem cell in the infarct region were found at the border between intact brain tissue and the area of infarction and within the infarct cavity.

Stem cell application in neurorehabilitation

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Sebastian Jessberger ◽  
Armin Curt ◽  
Roger A. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

A number of diseases of the brain and spinal cord are associated with substantial neural cell death and/or disruption of correct and functional neural networks. In the past, a variety of therapeutic strategies to rescue these systems have been proposed along with agents to induce functional plasticity within the remaining central nervous system (CNS) structures. In the case of injury or neurodegenerative disease these approaches have only met with limited success, indicating the need for novel approaches to treat diseases of the adult CNS. Recently, the idea of recruiting endogenous or transplanting stem cells to replace lost structures within the adult brain or spinal cord has gained significant attention, along with in situ reprogramming, and opened up novel therapeutic avenues in the context of regenerative medicine. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of how endogenous stem cells may be a part of pathological processes in certain neuropsychiatric diseases and summarize recent clinical and preclinical data suggesting that stem cell-based therapies hold great promise as a future treatment option in a number of diseases disrupting the proper function of the adult CNS.

scholarly journals In vivo tracking of intravenously injected mesenchymal stem cells in an Alzheimer’s animal model

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1203-1209
Author(s):  
Bok-Nam Park ◽  
Tae Sung Lim ◽  
Joon-Kee Yoon ◽  
Young-Sil An
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Indium 111 ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how intravenously injected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are distributed in the body of an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) animal model. Methods: Stem cells were collected from bone marrow of mice and labeled with Indium-111 (111In). The 111In-labeled BMSCs were infused intravenously into 3×Tg-AD mice in the AD group and non-transgenic mice (B6129SF2/J) as controls. Biodistribution was evaluated with a gamma counter and gamma camera 24 and 48 h after injecting the stem cells. Results: A gamma count of the brain showed a higher distribution of labeled cells in the AD model than in the control group at 24 (p = .0004) and 48 h (p = .0016) after injection of the BMSCs. Similar results were observed by gamma camera imaging (i.e., brain uptake in the AD model was significantly higher than that in the control group). Among the other organs, uptake by the spleen was the highest in both groups. More BMSCs were found in the lungs of the control group than in those of the AD group. Conclusions: These results suggest that more intravenously infused BMSCs reached the brain in the AD model than in the control group, but the numbers of stem cells reaching the brain was very small.

Stem cell application in neurorehabilitation

2015 ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
Sebastian Jessberger ◽  
Armin Curt ◽  
Roger Barker
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Future Treatment Option

Several diseases of the brain and spinal cord are associated with substantial neural cell death and/or disruption of neural networks. A�variety of therapeutic strategies to rescue these systems has been proposed along with agents to induce functional plasticity within the remaining central nervous system (CNS) structures. In the case of injury or neurodegenerative disease these approaches have only met with limited success, indicating the need for novel approaches to treat diseases of the adult CNS. Recently, the idea of recruiting stem cells to replace lost structures within the adult brain or spinal cord has gained significant attention and opened up novel therapeutic avenues. Here, recent advances in our understanding of endogenous stem cells are reviewed and new clinical and preclinical data suggesting that stem cell-based therapies hold great promise as a future treatment option in a number of diseases disrupting the proper function of the adult CNS are summarized.

Effects of Cerebral Stimuli on Adenine Incorporation into Nucleotides and RNA in Brain Slices from the Rat

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 672-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Glick ◽  
J. H. Quastel
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Brain Cortex Slices ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Cortex Slices ◽  
The Brain

Comparisons have been made of the rates of incorporation of [8-14C]adenine into RNA and of the specific activities of labelled ATP, in rat brain cortex slices incubated under conditions affecting nucleotide and RNA synthesis.The presence of 50 mM KCl in the incubation medium causes a considerable reduction of the rate of [8-14C]-adenine incorporation into RNA, with no diminution of the specific activity of the cerebral ATP or of the rate of nucleotide formation from adenine. It is inferred that cerebral RNA synthesis is suppressed by 50 mM KCl in the incubation medium.When K+ is omitted from the incubation medium or in the presence of 198 mM NaCl or 5 mM sodium L-glutamate, both the rate of [8-14C]adenine incorporation into RNA and the specific activity of cerebral ATP are diminished to approximately the same extent. This suggests that the process of RNA synthesis in the brain tissue is but little affected either by the increased ceil concentration of Na+ or by the diminished ATP concentration that obtain under these incubation conditions. The process, however, of [8-14C]adenine incorporation into cell nucleotides is markedly suppressed.The presence of protoveratrine (10 μM) causes at least 40% reduction in the rates of [8-14C]adenine incorporation into both RNA and nucleotides with little reduction in the specific activity of the cerebral ATP. The effects of protoveratrine are abolished by tetrodotoxin, indicating that the effects of protoveratrine are confined to the neurons.It is concluded that reductions of the specific activity of cerebral ATP derived from labelled adenine are due to the diminished rates of nucleotide formation from adenine that occur under specific incubation conditions. Such reductions may give rise to the observed diminutions in the rates of incorporation of labelled adenine into RNA. The relatively small fail in the specific activity of isolated ATP after incubation of brain tissue in the presence of protoveratrine is attributed to the localization of the effects of this drug to the neurons, in which the content and specific activity of ATP are suppressed, while those in the glia are undiminished.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Potential of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Following Chemotherapy

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Iman O. Sherif ◽  
Nora H. Al-Shaalan ◽  
Dina Sabry
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Histopathological Alterations ◽  
The Brain

Cisplatin (CP) is extensively used in the medical oncology field for malignancy treatment, but its use is associated with neurological side effects that compromise the patients’ quality of life. Cytotherapy is a new treatment strategy for tissue damage that has recently emerged. The use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) was investigated for its therapeutic potential against CP-induced chemobrain as well as various models of brain damage. This study was carried out to elucidate, for the first time, the role of the intravenous injection (IV) of BM-MSCs against CP-induced neurotoxicity in a rat model through investigation of the parameters of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in brain tissue. A rat model of neurotoxicity was generated by intraperitoneal injection of 7.5 mg/kg CP while 2 × 106 BM-MSCs was given by IV as a therapeutic dose. Injection of CP led to a significant rise in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels accompanied by a marked depletion of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione content in brain tissue in comparison to the normal control (NC) rats. Furthermore, a remarkable rise in the brain levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, together with the expression of apoptotic marker caspase-3, and the downregulation of the brain expression of proliferating marker Ki-67 in brain tissue were detected in the CP group compared to the NC group. Histopathological alterations were observed in the brain tissue of the CP group. BM-MSCs mitigated the biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by CP without affecting brain cell proliferation. BM-MSCs could be used as a promising neuroprotective agent against CP-induced neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals Neural Stem Cells Therapy to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 03076
Author(s):  
Weibai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
The Brain

Neural stem cells have the ability to proliferation, differentiate and renew, which plays an important role in the growth, maturation and senescence of the human brain. But according to researches, neural stem cells in the brain do not remain active throughout an organism's lifetime. Many neural stem cells become dormant when the brain matures, and may be activated when the body is sick to selectively heal the disease. In recent years, there are many studies on neural stem cells. Joshua[1] and Ting Zhang[2] show that neurodegenerative diseases such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease can be improved by the transplantation of neural stem cells, however the specific mechanism is not clear. This paper investigates three main questions: Why neural stem cell transplantation is chosen as a treatment? Where does NSCs derive from in clinical transplantation? How does neural stem cell transplantation treat brain diseases? And we also figure out the answers to these three questions. Firstly, transplantation of hypothalamic NSCs can delay the process of aging in the host, and Chemokines and EVs which secreted by neural stem cells can delay aging and defend neurodegenerative diseases. Secondly, the sources of NSCs can be divided into three types. The first is to isolate NSCs from primary tissue and cultivate them in vitro. The second is to produce the required cells by inducing pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells. The third way to get NCS is through transdifferentiation of somatic cells. Thirdly, in brain diseases, transplanted NSCs can migrate from the aggregation site to the site of the disease, reducing damage to the blood-brain barrier, repairing learning and memory abilities that depend on the hippocampus and secreting neurotrophic factors.

scholarly journals The Impact of Neural Stem Cell Biology on CNS Carcinogenesis and Tumor Types

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Kurian
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The incidence of gliomas is on the increase, according to epidemiological data. This increase is a conundrum because the brain is in a privileged protected site behind the blood-brain barrier, and therefore partially buffered from environmental factors. In addition the brain also has a very low proliferative potential compared with other parts of the body. Recent advances in neural stem cell biology have impacted on our understanding of CNS carcinogenesis and tumor types. This article considers the cancer stem cell theory with regard to CNS cancers, whether CNS tumors arise from human neural stem cells and whether glioma stem cells can be reprogrammed.

The Effect of Stem Cell Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent S. Gallicchio
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Neuro Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules ◽  
The Brain

Autism Spectrum Disorder [ASD] is a neuro developmental disorder that is characterized by abnormal social interaction/communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Although there is a lack of knowledge surrounding the ASD’s etiology, one common hypothesis posits that the causative pathology is immune system deregulation [ISD]. Patients with ASD experience ISD in the form of overactive microglia and astroglia in the brain, overactive cytokines in the brain and blood plasma, and underactive T lymphocytes in the blood plasma. Mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs] and mononuclear cells, which contain a mixture of MSCs and hematopoietic stem cells [HSCs], are promising candidates for treatment of ASD. MSCs secrete several molecules that may restore injured tissue and anti-inflammatory molecules that may mediate neuro inflammation. MSCs also exhibit immuno modulatory effects which may regulate the immune response observed in ASD.HSCs secrete various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that may further regulate the abnormal immune response observed in ASD. In addition, HSC CD34+ down regulates pro-inflammatory molecules and up regulates anti-inflammatory molecules which may mediate neuro inflammation in ASD. Based on the results of several clinical trials, MSC and mononuclear cell therapies are safe and effective. To date, they have not been shown to cause adverse side effects. In addition, there have been several instances of reduced ASD symptoms due to the therapies. Nevertheless, much research is still needed into further investigating the etiology of ASD and the mechanism of stem cell therapies to truly understand the benefits of stem cell therapy for ASD.

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