Applicability Analysis of FAO56 Penman-Monteith Methodology for Estimating Potential Evapotranspiration in Andong Dam Watershed Using Limited Meteorological Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sea Jin Kim ◽  
Moon-il Kim ◽  
Chul-Hee Lim ◽  
Woo-Kyun Lee ◽  
Baek-Jo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data

Quantitative estimation on contribution of climate changes and watershed characteristic changes to decreasing streamflow in the Huangshui Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xizhi Lv ◽  
Shaopeng Li ◽  
Yongxin Ni ◽  
Qiufen Zhang ◽  
Li Ma
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Characteristic Parameter ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Watershed Characteristic ◽  
Streamflow Change

<p>In the past 60 years, climate changes and underlying surface of the watershed have affected the structure and characteristics of water resources to a different degree It is of great significance to investigate main drivers of streamflow change for development, utilization and planning management of water resources in river basins. In this study, the Huangshui Basin, a typical tributary of the upper Yellow River, is used as the research area. Based on the Budyko hypothesis, streamflow and meteorological data from 1958-2017 are used to quantitatively assess the relative contributions of changes in climate and watershed characteristic to streamflow change in research area. The results show that: the streamflow of Huangshui Basin shows an insignificant decreasing trend; the sensitivity coefficients of streamflow to precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and watershed characteristic parameter are 0.5502, -0.1055, and 183.2007, respectively. That is, an increase in precipitation by 1 unit will induce an increase of 0.5502 units in streamflow, and an increase in potential evapotranspiration by 1 unit will induce a decrease of 0.1055 units in streamflow, and an increase in the watershed characteristic parameter by 1 unit will induce a decrease of 183.2007 units in streamflow. Compared with the reference period (1958-1993), the streamflow decreased by 20.48mm (13.59%) during the change period (1994-2017), which can be attribution to watershed characteristic changes (accounting for 73.64%) and climate change (accounting for 24.48%). Watershed characteristic changes exert a dominant influence upon the reduction of streamflow in the Huangshui Basin.</p>

scholarly journals Summer drought in Switzerland 1981‒2020: Events, trends and drivers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon C. Scherrer ◽  
Christoph Spirig ◽  
Martin Hirschi ◽  
Felix Maurer ◽  
Sven Kotlarski
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Temperature Scaling

<p>The Alpine region has recently experienced several dry summers with negative impacts on the economy, society and ecology. Here, soil water, evapotranspiration and meteorological data from several observational and model-based data sources is used to assess events, trends and drivers of summer drought in Switzerland in the period 1981‒2020. 2003 and 2018 are identified as the driest summers followed by somewhat weaker drought conditions in 2020, 2015 and 2011. We find clear evidence for an increasing summer drying in Switzerland. The observed climatic water balance (-39.2 mm/decade) and 0-1 m soil water from reanalysis (ERA5-Land: -4.7 mm/decade; ERA5: -7.2 mm/decade) show a clear tendency towards summer drying with decreasing trends in most months. Increasing evapotranspiration (potential evapotranspiration: +21.0 mm/decade; ERA5-Land actual evapotranspiration: +15.1 mm/decade) is identified as important driver which scales excellently (+4 to +7%/K) with the observed strong warming of about 2°C. An insignificant decrease in precipitation further enhanced the tendency towards drier conditions. Most simulations of the EURO-CORDEX regional climate model ensemble underestimate the changes in summer drying. They underestimate both, the observed recent summer warming and the small decrease in precipitation. The changes in temperature and precipitation are negatively correlated, i.e. simulations with stronger warming tend to show (weak) decreases in precipitation. However, most simulations and the reanalysis overestimate the correlation between temperature and precipitation and the precipitation-temperature scaling on the interannual time scale. Our results emphasize that the analysis of the regional summer drought evolution and its drivers remains challenging especially with regional climate model data but considerable uncertainties also exist in reanalysis data sets.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Performance of CFSR Reanalysis Data Set for Estimating Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHMET IRVEM ◽  
Mustafa OZBULDU
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Reanalysis Dataset ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Climate Forecast System Reanalysis ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Weather Stations

Abstract Evapotranspiration is an important parameter for hydrological, meteorological and agricultural studies. However, the calculation of actual evapotranspiration is very challenging and costly. Therefore, Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) is typically calculated using meteorological data to calculate actual evapotranspiration. However, it is very difficult to get complete and accurate data from meteorology stations in, rural and mountainous regions. This study examined the availability of the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) reanalysis data set as an alternative to meteorological observation stations in the computation of potential annual and seasonal evapotranspiration. The PET calculations using the CFSR reanalysis dataset for the period 1987-2017 were compared to data observed at 259 weather stations observed in Turkey. As a result of the assessments, it was determined that the seasons in which the CFSR reanalysis data set had the best prediction performance were the winter (C'= 0.76 and PBias = -3.77) and the autumn (C' = 0.75 and PBias = -12.10). The worst performance was observed for the summer season. The performance of the annual prediction was determined as C'= 0.60 and PBias = -15.27. These findings indicate that the results of the PET calculation using the CFSR reanalysis data set are relatively successful for the study area. However, the data should be evaluated with observation data before being used especially in the summer models.

A NEW VERSATILE SOIL MOISTURE BUDGET

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Baier ◽  
Geo. W. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Demand Rates ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Drying Curves ◽  
Pe Ratio

A new technique for the estimation of daily soil moisture on a zone-by-zone basis from standard meteorological data is herewith presented. The method, which is more versatile than existing meteorological budgets and therefore called "versatile budget" (VB), makes use of some basic concepts employed in the modulated budget, such as taking potential evapotranspiration (PE) as a possible maximum of actual evapotranspiration (AE) and subdividing the total available soil moisture into several zones of different capacities. The VB facilitates moisture withdrawal simultaneously from different depths of the soil profile permeated by roots in relation to the rate of PE and the available soil moisture in each zone. Adjustments for runoff, drainage, different types of soil-drying curves and the effect of different atmospheric demand rates on the AE/PE ratio are also incorporated.Comparisons between daily soil moisture readings from Colman blocks with estimates from the modulated budget and from the VB showed the feasibility of estimating daily soil moisture from standard meteorological data. The estimates of the VB were superior to those from the modulated budget on a zone-by-zone basis. The application of soil moisture statistics obtained from meteorological budgets is discussed.

scholarly journals PUBs for Engineering Purpose: Framework Development and Case Study

10.29007/9kpv ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhiyong ◽  
Gao Xichao ◽  
Liu Jiahong
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Watershed Method ◽  
Predictions In Ungauged Basins

A framework of predictions in ungauged basins (PUBs, taking Paniai lakes watershed, Indonesia as an example) for hydropower exploration is developed. In this framework, remote sensing technology and similar watershed method are used to collect necessary meteorological and topographical data for runoff simulation. Besides, a modified physical based distributed hydrological model is developed to consider the characteristics (regulation capacity of the lakes) of the watershed. Finally, considering the modeling purpose, annual average runoff index is used to assess the modeling results. In the case study (Paniai lakes watershed), TRMM precipitation, HWSD soil type, and AVHRR landcover data, combined with meteorological data from two similar watersheds, are collected to drive the modified hydrological model. According to the model results, the simulated potential evapotranspiration capacities and annual average runoff coefficients are consistent between the two cases (modeling with meteorological data of the two similar watersheds), and the simulated annual average runoff coefficients of the two cases are basically consistent with the observed annual average runoff coefficient of another similar watershed located in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Distributed hydrologic modeling of a sparsely monitored basin in Sardinia, Italy, through hydrometeorological downscaling

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 4143-4158 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mascaro ◽  
M. Piras ◽  
R. Deidda ◽  
E. R. Vivoni
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Variability Modeling ◽  
Model Parameterization ◽  
Hydrologic Extremes

Abstract. The water resources and hydrologic extremes in Mediterranean basins are heavily influenced by climate variability. Modeling these watersheds is difficult due to the complex nature of the hydrologic response as well as the sparseness of hydrometeorological observations. In this work, we present a strategy to calibrate a distributed hydrologic model, known as TIN-based Real-time Integrated Basin Simulator (tRIBS), in the Rio Mannu basin (RMB), a medium-sized watershed (472.5 km2) located in an agricultural area in Sardinia, Italy. In the RMB, precipitation, streamflow and meteorological data were collected within different historical periods and at diverse temporal resolutions. We designed two statistical tools for downscaling precipitation and potential evapotranspiration data to create the hourly, high-resolution forcing for the hydrologic model from daily records. Despite the presence of several sources of uncertainty in the observations and model parameterization, the use of the disaggregated forcing led to good calibration and validation performances for the tRIBS model, when daily discharge observations were available. The methodology proposed here can be also used to disaggregate outputs of climate models and conduct high-resolution hydrologic simulations with the goal of quantifying the impacts of climate change on water resources and the frequency of hydrologic extremes within medium-sized basins.

scholarly journals Estimation of evapotranspiration rate by using the Penman–Monteith and Hargreaves formulas for the loess in Northeast Bulgaria complex with HYDRUS-1D

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Peter Gerginov ◽  
Dimitar Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The North ◽  
Evapotranspiration Rate ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
Unsaturated Zones ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Loess and loess-like sediments cover approximately 13% of the Bulgarian territory, mainly within the Danubian plain. From the Danube River to the Fore-Balkan, the loess soils form a loess complex where its depth varies from 50–60 meters in the north to few meters in the south, respectively. Widespread loess sediments possess a specific feature: they typically form deep unsaturated zones. Quantification of the near surface water balance is extremely important for evaluating land-atmosphere interactions, and the impact of land-use change on the subsurface flow and the evapotranspiration rate is an essential term in this quantification. In the frames of a scientific project, an automatic weather station was installed in a typical plain terrain of the loess complex in Northeast Bulgaria, recording meteorological data from September 2015 to February 2017. This study provides a mathematical description of processes (i.e., Penman-Monteith and Hargreaves Methods) used to estimate daily evapotranspiration rates implemented into the numerical model HYDRUS-1D, as well as a respective rate investigation of months with and without intensive rainfalls. Overall results indicate that using the Hargreaves formula for evaluation of the potential evapotranspiration leads to overestimation between 10% and 20%, respectively for a “wet” and “dry” month.

scholarly journals Distributed hydrologic modeling of a sparsely-monitored basin in Sardinia, Italy, through hydrometeorological downscaling

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 7687-7732 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mascaro ◽  
M. Piras ◽  
R. Deidda ◽  
E. R. Vivoni
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Variability Modeling ◽  
Model Parameterization ◽  
Hydrologic Extremes

Abstract. The water resources and hydrologic extremes in Mediterranean basins are heavily influenced by climate variability. Modeling these watersheds is difficult due to the complex nature of the hydrologic response as well as the sparseness of hydrometeorological observations. In this work, we present a strategy to calibrate a distributed hydrologic model, known as TIN-based Real-time Integrated Basin Simulator (tRIBS), in the Rio Mannu basin (RMB), a medium-sized watershed (472.5 km2) located in an agricultural area in Sardinia, Italy. In the RMB, precipitation, streamflow and meteorological data were collected within different historical periods and at diverse temporal resolutions. We designed two statistical tools for downscaling precipitation and potential evapotranspiration data to create the hourly, high-resolution forcing for the hydrologic model from daily records. Despite the presence of several sources of uncertainty in the observations and model parameterization, the use of the disaggregated forcing led to good calibration and validation performances for the tRIBS model, when daily discharge observations were available. The methodology proposed here can be also used to disaggregate outputs of climate models and conduct high-resolution hydrologic simulations with the goal of quantifying the impacts of climate change on water resources and the frequency of hydrologic extremes within medium-sized basins.

scholarly journals Calculation of meteorological water balance in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Hussein Ilaibi Zamil Al-Sudani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
North East ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Water Surplus ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

The hydrology section is divided into two main components, surface and groundwater. One of the most important outcomes in the water balance equation for any natural area or water body is Evapotranspiration and it is also a crucial component of the hydrologic cycle. Prediction of monthly evapotranspiration can be obtained depending on observed monthly average temperatures at a meteorological station in each year. Calculating of water balance in Iraq depending on meteorological data and Thornthwaite method was the aim of this research. Results of corrected potential evapotranspiration (PEc) obtained from applying Thornthwaite formula were compared with annual and monthly rainfall in thirty two meteorological station in order to estimate actual evapotranspiration (AE). The results showed that the annual summation of rainfall increased from south west towards north east according to the increasing ratio of rainfall due to the impact of Mediterranean climate condition on Iraq. Actual evapotranspiration depends directly on water excess during calculating water balance. Water surplus contour map indicates increased values towards north-east direction of Iraq, where water surplus depends directly on both rainfall and actual evapotranspiration.

scholarly journals Investigation into impacts of land-use changes on floods in the upper Huaihe River basin, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
M. Yu ◽  
Q. Li ◽  
G. Lu ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
P. Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Huaihe River Basin ◽  
Huaihe River ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Hourly Rainfall

Abstract. To investigate the agricultural land-use change on flood regime, the upper Huaihe River basin above the Dapoling station was selected as the case study site. Based on topography, land-use, hydrological and meteorological data in 1990s and 2010s, the improved distributed Xinanjiang model, with potential evapotranspiration being computed by coupling a dual-source evapotranspiration model with a simplified plant growth model, was adopted to simulate the daily and hourly rainfall-runoff processes over 1990s and 2010s, and then the effects of land-use change on flood volume, flood peak, occurring time of flood peak, the percentage of surface runoff component were investigated respectively. The results was interesting and indicated that impacts of land-use change on flood characteristics varied significantly with land-use types. The outputs could provide valuable references for flood risk management and water resources management in the Huaihe River basin.

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