Ecological stability and plasticity of maize hybrids in different groups of ripeness

Abstract. Ecological stability and plasticity of maize hybrids in different groups of ripeness – Knezha 307, Knezha 435, Knezha 509 and Knezha M625 by the traits grain yield and length of the ear was evaluated. The ecological parameters were determined by using the method of Eberhart and Russell (1966) and of Pakudin and Lopatina (1984). In the period of study (2014-2017) the hybrids demonstrate different plasticity and stability by the examined traits. The results of the analysis of the variances demonstrate reliable differences of the hybrids and the conditions for the two traits and primarily reliable interaction genotype – environment. The variances of the regression Si2 of all hybrids for the trait grain yield reliably differ from their theoretical value which determines them as plastic, i.e. responsive to more favourable conditions of growth. According to the values of bi the hybrid Knezha 435 (bi<1) is stable by the trait grain yield, the hybrids Knezha 307 and Knezha M625 are with values of bi close to one and have relatively medium stability and Knezha 509 with bi>1 is unstable. With reliable values of Si2 for the trait length of the ear is only the hybrid Knezha M625. The ecological stability of the other hybrids was evaluated by the value of the coefficient of regression (bi). Increased stability by this trait is demonstrated by Knezha 435, followed by Knezha 509. Knezha 307 is with medium stability (bi=1.1) by the respective trait.

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The responses of maize and grain sorghum hybrids to nitrogen fertiliser in south east Queensland

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9900825 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 825 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

DE Hibberd ◽

BD Hall

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

The Other ◽

N Application ◽

Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Maize Yields ◽

Applied Nitrogen

We investigated, over 3 seasons, 1973-74 to 1975-76, the responses of 5 selected maize hybrids and 5 sorghum hybrids to applied nitrogen (N) under irrigation on N-deficient, black earth soils in South East Queensland. Five levels of N (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg/ha) were applied as urea at sowing to 5 maize hybrids, XL81, Q739, PQ500, PX50, RX404, at 1 location. The same rates were applied to sorghum hybrids NK212, P846, E57, Goldfinger and Goldrush at another location. Higher grain yields were obtained from maize hybrids XL81 and RX404 than from 4739, PX50 and PQ500. A mean grain yield of 6660 kg/ha was produced from XL81 over the 3 seasons for the application of 180 kg N/ha. A hybrid x N interaction occurred only in the year with highest yields. Over all years, grain yield of each hybrid was linearly related to mean site yield and slopes were not significantly (P>0.05) different. Hybrids XL81 and RX404 showed significantly (P<0.05) higher grain yields than other hybrids over the range of grain N concentrations obtained. We conclude that 180 kg N/ha applied at or prior to sowing would optimise maize yields on N-depleted soils in South East Queensland. Highest grain yields of sorghum were obtained from all hybrids when N application was in the range 120-180 kg N/ha. The grain yields of all 5 hybrids converged in the 5000-7000 kg/ha yield range, indicating no superior yielding potential in any 1 hybrid. Goldrush, however, showed significantly (P<0.05) higher grain N concentrations than the other hybrids over the range of grain yields.

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Application of a method based on the measurement of radiation reflectance when estimating the sensitivity of selected grain maize hybrids to the herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200957040117 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 117-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michal Vondra ◽

Vladimír Smutný

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Grain Yield ◽

The Other ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Limit Value ◽

Grain Moisture ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Photosynthesis Efficiency ◽

Small Plot ◽

The One

The application of methods based on measurements of photosynthesis efficiency is now more and more popular and used not only for the evaluation of the efficiency of herbicides but also for the estimation of their phytotoxicity to the cultivated crop. These methods enable to determine also differences in the sensitivity of cultivars and/or hybrids to individual herbicides. The advantage of these methods consists above all in the speed and accuracy of measuring.In a field experiment, the sensitivity of several selected grain maize hybrids (EDENSTAR, NK AROBASE, NK LUGAN, LG 33.30 and NK THERMO) to the herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463 was tested for a period of three years. The sensitivity to a registered dose of 0.25 l . ha−1 + 0.5 % was measured by means of the apparatus PS1 meter, which could measure the reflected radiation. Measurements of sensitivity of hybrids were performed on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 8th day after the application of the tested herbicide, i.e. in the growing stage of the 3rd–5th leaf. Plant material was harvested using a small-plot combine harvester SAMPO 2010. Samples were weighed and converted to the yield with 15 % of moisture in grain DM.The obtained three-year results did not demonstrate differences in sensitivity of tested hybrids to the registered dose of the herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463 (i.e. 0.25 l . ha−1 + 0,5 %). Recorded results indicated that for the majority of tested hybrids the most critical were the 4th and the 5th day after the application; on these days the average PS1 values were the highest at all. In years 2005 and 2007, none of the tested hybrids exceeded the limit value 15 (which indicated a certain decrease in the efficiency of photosynthesis). Although in 2006 three of tested hybrids showed a certain decrease in photosynthetic activity (i.e. EDENSTAR and NK AROBASE on the 3rd day and NK LUGAN on the 2nd–4th day after the application), no visual symptoms of damage of plants were found out. It could be concluded that the herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463 (when applied in the registered dose of 0.25 l . ha−1 + 0.5 %) did not damage hybrids under study and did not show any statistically significant effect on the grain yield. This means that the manufacturer’s statement that this herbicide, if applied in the registered dose of 0.25 l . ha−1 + 0.5 %, is very tolerant to grain maize seedlings in the growth stage of 3–5 leafs, was correct. The most suitable date of measurements of differences in sensitivity to and/or potential phytotoxicity of the preparation CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463 seemed to be the fourth day after the application because the measured average PS1 values were the highest in all hybrids under study. When evaluating the pooled three-year yields of grain (converted to 15% of moisture content) by means of variance analysis, a statistically significant effect of the year and the hybrid on the grain yield was found out. On the other hand, however, there was no statistically significant difference in the grain yield between control and the variant treated with the registered dose of the herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463, i.e. 12.08 t . ha‑1 and 11.50 t . ha−1, respectively (grain moisture content 15%). When comparing pooled three-year yields of all hybrids under study, there were statistically significant differences between yields of the hybrid NK THERMO on the one hand and hybrids EDENSTAR and NK AROBASE on the other.

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Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽

10.33307/entomon.v43i4.405 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 257-262

Author(s):

Atanu Seni ◽

Bhimasen Naik

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Gall Midge ◽

Stem Borer ◽

The Other ◽

The Third ◽

Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

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Growth and grain yield of eight maize hybrids are aligned with water transport, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis in a semi‐arid irrigated system

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1111/ppl.13400 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sean M. Gleason ◽

Lauren Nalezny ◽

Cameron Hunter ◽

Robert Bensen ◽

Satya Chintamanani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Water Transport ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Semi Arid

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Effect of seed treatment and foliar spray with fungicides in controlling black point disease of wheat

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v34i3.3968 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 425-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

PK Malaker ◽

IH Mian

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Key Words ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

The Other ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Black Point ◽

Wheat Seeds

The efficacy of seed treatment and foliar spray with fungicides in controlling black point incidence of wheat seeds was evaluated in the field. Two seed treating fungicides, namely Vitavax-200 and Homai-80WP were used @ 0.25% of dry seed weight and foliar spray with Tilt-250EC (0.05%) was applied in six different schedules. Untreated and unsprayed controls were also maintained. Seed treatment with either Vitavax-200 or Homai-80WP significantly increased plant population and grain yield, but none of them was found effective in reducing black point incidence. On the other hand, foliar sprays with Tilt-250EC under all the spray schedules except spraying at 70 and 90 DAS significantly minimized the disease severity over unsprayed control. Among the different spray schedules, spraying at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 DAS appeared to be most effective, which was similar to spraying at 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAS in reducing black point incidence and increasing grain yield. Economic analysis on yield advantage showed that the highest additional gross margin of Tk. 6120/ha with BCR 2.57 was obtained from five sprays applied at 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAS. Key Words: Seed treatment, foliar spray, black point, wheat. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i3.3968 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(3) : 425-434, September 2009

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Physiological Bases of Across-Environment and Environment-Specific Responses for Grain Yield in Maize Hybrids Obtained from a Full Diallel Mating Design

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2017.05.0293 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 180-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eugenia M. Munaro ◽

Abelardo J. de la Vega ◽

Karina E. D'Andrea ◽

Carlos D. Messina ◽

Maria E. Otegui

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Mating Design ◽

Diallel Mating Design ◽

Diallel Mating

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Effect of weeds and nitrogen fertiliser on yield and grain protein concentration of wheat

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9960443 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 443 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

MG Mason ◽

RW Madin

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

The Other ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Grain Protein Concentration ◽

Nitrogen Fertiliser

Field trials at Beverley (19911, Salmon Gums (1991; 2 sites) and Merredin (1992; 2 sites), each with 5 rates of nitrogen (N) and 3 levels of weed control, were used to investigate the effect of weeds and N on wheat grain yield and protein concentration during 1991 and 1992. Weeds in the study were grasses (G) and broadleaf (BL). Weeds reduced both vegetative dry matter yield and grain yield of wheat at all sites except for dry matter at Merredin (BL). Nitrogen fertiliser increased wheat dry matter yield at all sites. Nitrogen increased wheat grain yield at Beverley and Merredin (BL), but decreased yield at both Salmon Gums sites in 1991. Nitrogen fertiliser increased grain protein concentration at all 5 sites-at all rates for 3 sites [Salmon Gums (G) and (BL) and Merredin (G)] and at rates of 69 kg N/ha or more at the other 2 sites [Beverley and Merredin (BL)]. However, the effect of weeds on grain protein varied across sites. At Merredin (G) protein concentration was higher where there was no weed control, possibly due to competition for soil moisture by the greater weed burden. At Salmon Gums (G), grain protein concentration was greater when weeds were controlled than in the presence of weeds, probably due to competition for N between crop and weeds. In the other 3 trials, there was no effect of weeds on grain protein. The effect of weeds on grain protein appears complex and depends on competition between crop and weeds for N and for water at the end of the season, and the interaction between the two.

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Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of semi-dwarf and tall varieties of winter wheat

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600056604 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 31-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

I. Pearman ◽

S. M. Thomas ◽

G. N. Thorne

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Main Effects ◽

Dwarf Variety

SummaryEight amounts of nitrogen ranging from 0 to 210 kg N/ha were applied to two tall and one semi-dwarf variety of winter wheat in the spring of 1975 and 1976. The tall varieties were Cappelle-Desprez and Maris Huntsman; the semi-dwarf variety was Maris Fundin in 1975 and Hobbit in 1976. Interactions between varieties and nitrogen were few and small compared with the main effects. All varieties produced their maximum grain yields with 180 kg N/ha. The yield of the semi-dwarf varieties, but not the others, decreased slightly with more nitrogen.Cappelle-Desprez yielded less grain than the other varieties in both years. In 1975 the yields of Maris Fundin and Maris Huntsman were similar and in 1976 Hobbit yielded more than Maris Huntsman. The varieties had similar numbers of ears at maturity and similar patterns of tillering. The semi-dwarf varieties had most grains per spikelet, and hence grains per ear, and Cappelle-Desprez had least. The semi-dwarf varieties had the smallest grains. The semi-dwarf varieties had less straw than the other varieties and hence the largest ratios of grain to total above-ground dry weight. The decrease in dry weight of stem and leaves between anthesis and maturity was similar for all varieties. In 1975 the efficiency of the top two leaves plus top internode in producing grain was the same for all varieties, but in 1976 Hobbit was more efficient than the other two. There were some small differences between varieties in nutrient uptake that were not related to differences in growth. Maris Fundin tended to have a greater phosphorus and potassium content than the tall varieties. Hobbit contained slightly less nitrogen than the tall varieties at maturity, and had a smaller concentration of nitrogen in the grain.Applying 210 kg N/ha doubled grain yield in 1975. Applying nitrogen resulted in a largeincrease in number of ears and a small increase in number of grains per ear due to the development of more fertile spikelets per ear. Nitrogen decreased dry weight per grain, especially of the semi-dwarf varieties. With extra nitrogen, straw dry weight at maturity, shoot dry weight atanthesis and leaf area were all increased relatively more than grain yield, and stems lost moredry weight between anthesis and maturity than without nitrogen. The year 1976 was exceptionallydry and nitrogen had only small effects in that it affected neither straw dry weight nor numberof ears but slightly increased grain yield by increasing the number of spikelets and number of grains per spikelet. It also increased leaf area proportionately to grain yield. In 1975 nitrogen increased evaporation of water from the crop before anthesis but decreased it after anthesis, even though it continued to increase the extraction of water from below 90 cm.

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Stability Analysis of Agronomic Traits for Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes Based on Ammi Model

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v50i2.54091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 343-350

Author(s):

Meijin Ye ◽

Zhaoyang Chen ◽

Bingbing Liu ◽

Haiwang Yue

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Interaction Model ◽

Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Genotype By Environment ◽

Ammi Model ◽

The Ideal

Stability and adaptability of promising maize hybrids in terms of three agronomic traits (grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight) in multi-environments trials were evaluated. The analysis of AMMI model indicated that the all three agronomic traits showed highly significant differences (p < 0.01) on genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction. Results showed that genotypes Hengyu321 (G9), Yufeng303 (G10) and Huanong138 (G3) were of higher stability on grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight, respectively. Genotypes Hengyu1587 (G8) and Hengyu321 (G9) showed good performance in terms of grain yield, whereas Longping208 (G2) and Weike966 (G12) showed broad adaptability for ear weight. It was also found that the genotypes with better adaptability in terms of 100-kernel weight were Zhengdan958 (G5) and Weike966 (G12). The genotype and environment interaction model based on AMMI analysis indicated that Hengyu1587 and Hengyu321 were the ideal genotypes, due to extensive adaptability and high grain yield under both testing sites. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 343-350, 2021 (June)

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