scholarly journals Utilization of Corchorus olitorius leaf as binder in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
I.O. Oke ◽  
E.O. Adeparusi ◽  
A.A. Dada
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Absorption Index ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. This study was carried out to evaluate the physical properties and dietary value of feeds made using Corchorus olitorius as binders in fish feeds. Six isonitrogenous diets were prepared using maize wheat or maize and wheat as energy source. The diets were designated as MAI, WHC, MAW, MAC, WHC and MWC. With the first three being bounded with corn starch and the last three being bounded with C. olitorius leaves soaked for 24 hours and pelleted. Physical properties evaluated are sinking rate, water absorption index, water stability, bulk density, thickness strength, friability and hardness. There was significant differences (p<0.05) in the water stability, water absorption index and thickness swelling of the diet. The highest water stability value was recorded in diet MAW. For growth parameters and nutrient utilization by fish fed experimental diets, diet MWC had a significantly higher mean final weight (9.42±0.41g), mean weight gain (5.43±0.41g), feed efficiency ratio (0.93±0.13) and specific growth rate (1.22±0.06%d-1). There was no significant difference in the feed conversion ratio, mean feed intake, and survival rate. The result shows that diet bounded with C. olitorius leaf had better utilization compared to corn starch bounded feed.

Effect of sex on growth performance, nutrient utilizationand carcass characteristics in cross bred pigs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowher Gull Sheikh ◽  
R.P.S. Baghel ◽  
Sunil Nayak ◽  
Aijaz Ahmad Ganie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nonsignificant Difference ◽  
Gender Groups

A study was carried on 24 piglets (Large White York Shire × Desi) of an average initial weight of 20 kg of three gender groups, barrows, boars and gilts consisted of eight pigs each, of comparable body weight fattened from 20-48 kilograms (growing) to 49-96 kilograms (finishing) to see the effect of gender on growth performance, nutrient utilization and carcass traits. When comparing feed intake at the growing stage, gilts consumed significantly more (P less than 0.05) feed than boars and barrows. There was no significant difference in average daily weight gain among barrows, boars and gilts in growing and finishing stage. Gilts had significantly higher (P less than 0.05) feed conversion ratio than boars in growing period and barrows in finishing period. Nutrient digestibility was similar except crude protein among groups. Fasting weight and weight after bleeding was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in gilts with nonsignificant difference between barrows and boars. Sex has no significant effect on evisceration weight, dressing percentage and carcass length in pigs. Carcass backfat of barrows was significantly thicker (P less than 0.05) than that of boars and gilts, however, the loin eye area was significantly larger (P less than 0.05) in gilts than boars and barrows. There were no significant differences among groups concerning the proportions of ham, under cut, bacon and rib chop however, shoulder and loin percentages were higher (P less than 0.05) in gilts than boars and barrows.

Physical properties of extruded fish feed containing silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae meal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
R. Alcaraz ◽  
G.I. Mita ◽  
A. Hernández-Contreras ◽  
M.D. Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Absorption Index ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Sinking Velocity

The silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) may be an interesting resource for aquaculture feed, due to its high nutritional value. The present work evaluates the physical properties of five extruded diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) containing 0, 2.5, 5, 10 or 15% of non-defatted silkworm pupae meal. The physical properties studied included: expansion ratio, density, hardness, durability, water absorption index, water solubility index, floatability, sinking velocity and fat leakage. Feed formulated with insect meal showed an increase in expansion ratio, hardness and durability, while water absorption index and sinking velocity decreased. The pellets from these diets showed no increased nutrient leaching or fat leakage. Thus, it is possible to include up to 15% of silkworm pupae meal in extruded fish feed without impairing its physical quality.

Impact of log position in the tree on mechanical and physical properties of black spruce medium-density fibreboard panels

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 866-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li Shi ◽  
Bernard Riedl ◽  
James Deng ◽  
Alain Cloutier ◽  
S. Y. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Medium Density Fibreboard ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
The Impact

Mechanical and physical properties of medium-density fibreboard (MDF) panels made from black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) top, middle, and butt logs were studied. The analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were both performed to examine the impact of log position in the tree on panel modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB), linear expansion (LE), thickness swell (TS), and water absorption. Results indicate that MOE and IB strength of MDF panels made from top and middle logs were significantly superior to those of panels made from butt logs; however, there was no significant difference in MOE and IB between panels made from top and middle logs. Water absorptions of top and middle log panels were significantly lower than that of panels made from butt logs, and the difference in water absorption between panels made from top and middle logs was not significant. TS of top log panels was the smallest among the panels from the three log positions in the tree and was significantly different from those of middle and butt log panels. TS of butt log panels was the highest, which was significantly different from that of top and middle log panels. The differences in LE among the panels made from top, middle, and butt logs were not significant. The comparison of MOR of top, middle, and butt log panels was dependent on panel density because of the interactions among the three groups. Top and middle log panels showed superior properties, because the thinner cell walls of fibres from top and middle logs resulted in an increased compaction ratio compared with the butt log panels. Panel density affected both panel MOR and MOE considerably; however, its impact on IB, LE, TS, and water absorption was not significant in this study. The equations describing the linear relationships between MOR, MOE, and panel density were developed.

scholarly journals Influence of including maize offal in diets on growth, carcass composition and economics of Clarias gariepinus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 027-035
Author(s):  
Sunday Kenneth Igbang ◽  
Ada Fidelis Bekeh ◽  
Ochang Stephen Ncha
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Hours

Aiming at finding cheaper and still efficient feed for aquaculture species 56 days feeding trial was conducted on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) post fingerlings, fed on five diets with a 40% crude protein target in which maize was replaced with maize offal meal at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively. Ten fish each were stocked in a plastic aquarium tank containing 20 L of water. The fish were fed at 5% body weight divided into two rations ginen at the hours of 8-8:30 am and 5-5:30pm. Growth parameters showed increase with increase in maize offal based diets, with observed weight gains of 72.42, 79.00, 95.92, 130.83 and 65.83 for diets 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. Feed conversion ratio (recorded best in 75% maize offal based diet substitution, while the poorest was recorded at 25% maize offal diet replacement, followed by the control diet (100% maize diet). 75% maize offal replacement recorded the highest specific growth rate (p<0.05).There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the ash content, crude fiber and energy level in the fish carcass. The cost of feed used throughout the experimental period was not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by the increasing level of maize offal as a replacement for maize in the diets, as the costs were comparable. However, this study reveals that maize offal meal can successfully replaced maize up to 75% in the diet of Clarias gariepinus post fingerlings without adverse effect on growth, carcass composition and economics.

scholarly journals Growth performance of fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus fed fermented seed of Senna obtusifolia (Linn)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-280
Author(s):  
H. U. Onimisi ◽  
S. J. Oniye ◽  
J. K. Balogun ◽  
P. I. Bolorunduro
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of replacing soybean meal with graded levels of fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meals (SOSM) on the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus were investigated. Five isonitrogenous (42% crude protein) and isocaloric (25.7% NFE) diets were formulated in which fermented replaced soybean meal (SBM) at 0% (SOSM0), 25% (SOSM25), 50% (SOSM50), 75% (SOSM75) and 100% (SOSM100) inclusion levels and a commercial feed (CmF) as the second control. Three hundred and sixty (360) fingerlings of (Clarias gariepinus) mean weight (2.85±0.01g) were stocked at (20) fish per tank volume in triplicate groups per treatment and fed 3% body weight twice a day of the experimental diets for 180 days. The feeding rate was adjusted after weighing. The water qualities were within range recommended for Clarias gariepinus. There were no significant differences (p> 0.05) in growth performance and nutrient utilization between the control groups and those fed the fermented SOSM diets at 25%. The commercial, 0% and 25% groups had the highest mean weight gain (279 to 280 g), significantly (P<0.05) superior to the groups that received the, 50%, 75% while the group that received 100% SOSM diet had the poorest mean weight gain (132.72g). Feed conversion ratios (FCR) of all treatments ranged from (1.75 to 2.18). These values increased slightly by increasing levels of fermented SOSM from 50 to 100%. The best FCR, 1.75± 0.02, recorded for fish fed 25% fermented SOSM indicated a superior level of utilization of the SOSM diet by the fish. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the protein intake among the group of fish fed 0 and 25%, but significant difference (P<0.05) occur in fish fed 50, 75 and 100% fermented SOSM respectively. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) exhibited significant differences (P<0.05) in all treatments except in the control diets that were not statistically different (P>0.05) from the fish fed the 25% fermented SOSM. The PER values increased among the experimental fish with respect to the quantity of total feed intake. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) among treatments CmF, 0% and 25%. The ANPU was highest in fish fed 0% fermented SOSM (91.6±0.04) while fish fed 75 and 100 % fermented SOSM in diets were 71.4±0.02 and 73.4±0.03 were the least. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in the effect of the inclusion levels of fermented (SOSM) on final body carcass composition among treatments. This study showed that soybean meal can be substituted with fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meal up to 25% level in Clarias gariepinus diets without any negative effects on the growth and feed efficiency.

Effects of dietary Phaeodactylum tricornutum supplementation on gustation, stomach histology and growth performance of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Oluyemi K. Gbadamosi ◽  
W. Obe Bernadine
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Significant Difference

This study assessed the effects of microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum supplement on the gustation, stomach histology, growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. One hundred and fifty (150) C. gariepinus juveniles of mean weight 20.05±0.05g were distributed into 15 plastic tanks (40×30×35) cm3. Five graded levels (0.00 (control), 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00g/100g of P. tricornutum supplements were included in the diets of C. gariepinus denoted as Control, PT1, PT2, PT4 and PT5, respectively. Fish were fed for 56 days at 5% body weight. Results at the end of the experiments showed that the highest body weight was recorded in fish fed 1.5g/100g P. tricornutum diets. The best feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and percentage survival was found in PT3. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the feed intake of fish with PT4 having the highest feed intake. The stomach histology revealed increase in the gustation cells in the stomach of experimental fish with increasing levels of P. tricornutum supplementation. This study showed that the inclusion of P. tricornutum supplement at 1.5g/100g level in the diet of C. gariepinus juveniles improved the gustation, growth performance and nutrient utilization of C. gariepinus. Keywords: Microalgae, Aqua feed, Nutrition, Gustation, African catfish

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilisation of (Clarias garienpinus) Fed with Formulated Diet Produced from a Modified Extruder and Durante Commercial Feed

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
O. O. Koyenikan ◽  
O. J. Olukunle ◽  
O. T. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Significant Difference

A fabricated modified single screw fish feed extruder was used to extrude formulated floatable fish feeds from obtainable available feed ingredients. They were fed to 225 Clarias garienpinus (mean weight of 56  4.22 g) for 120 days in order to compare their nutritional values with that of a commercial feed. The fishes were first acclimatized for a period of 48 hours under laboratory condition. The weight of the fishes were taken every two weeks and recorded in comparison with the commercial feed (Durante) which served as the control. At the end of the feeding trials, the fishes were weighed, sacrificed and analysed for whole body composition, haematological status and proximate analysis. At the end of the feeding trial, Treatment 1 had the highest mean values of growth and nutrient utilization indices on Clarias garienpinus at standard deviations of 260.77 g (45.59%), 2.01%, 1.92 and 52.10% for the percentage of weight gained, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and feed conversion efficiency of the experimented fishes respectively when compared with the commercial feeds (Control) that had mean values of 416 g (71.36%), 2.18%, 1.20 and 83.33%. Treatment 4 had the lowest weight gained with mean values of 99.67 g (17.77%) 1.67%, 5.02 and 20.00% respectively. The white blood cell of the fishes in Treatment 1 had a high value of 6600 when compared to that of the Control which had a value of 7500. Treatment 1 (T1R1) experimented on Clarias garienpinus, gave the highest values of growth performance and nutrient utilization compared with other treatments in terms of its whole body composition, proximate analysis and haematolgical status. This implies that treatment 1 experimented on Clarias garienpinus, was the best and can be used for feeding fishes since their values are closer to that of the control. There was significant differences in the final weight of fish fed with treatment 1, 3 and 4 (p > 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in treatments 1 and 2.

Effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf as binder in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Israel Opeyemi Oke ◽  
Eunice Oluwayemisi Adeparusi ◽  
Adekunle Ayokanmi Dada
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Significant Difference

The experiment was conducted to assess the effects Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf as a binder in fish feed. Six iso-nitrogenous diets containing 35% crude protein was formulated and pelleted. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the thickness strength (mm), hardness (mm) and water stability (%) of the diets. Diet MWH had the highest water stability (89.26±0.12%) and the lowest was diet MAH (83.53±0.05). diet MAH had the highest water absorption index of 1.70±0.00 and the lowest was diet MWH with 0.74±0.01. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the sinking rate (cmsec-1), and bulk density (gcm-3) of diets. Protein retention ranged from 91.07 % (WHH) to 95.83 % (MAI), lipid retention was between 90.87% in MWH and 94.74 %. Friability was highest in diet MWH (0.88±0.00 %) and the least was MAI (0.68±0.00 %). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the FCR, FER, mean feed intake and percentage survival of fish fed experimental diets. There were significant differences (P>0.05) in the crude protein, fat, and ash contents of experimental fish after the feeding trial. Fish fed diet WHH had the highest whole body crude protein content (50.98±0.06) and the least fat content (16.75±0.51). The result shows that H. rosa-sinensis leaf can be used as binders. Keywords: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Binder, physical properties, growth parameters

scholarly journals Growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus fed diets in which cooked soybean replaced fish meal

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
E. O. Adeparusi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Feed Conversion

Five experimental diets were formulated. In the control diet fishmeal was used as the sole source of dietary protein. The protein of the fishmeal in the control diet was replaced with varying levels of dehulled and cooked soybean meals at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% levels to supply 30% crude protein as required by Oreochromis niloticus._All diets were maintained iso-nitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isocaloric (285 Kcal/100g DE, 428.89+ 2.31 Kcal/100g GE) by varying the amount of corn. In a 56 days feeding experiment Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings were fed the diets. The feeding trial was conducted in glass aquaria. Evaluation of growth parameters and nutrient utilization of the fish was based on weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value. Best growth and nutrient utilization was obtained in fish fed the control diet and it decreased as the soybean level increased in the diet. Cost of diets reduced with inclusion of soybean meal. However, the cost of 1kg gain in body weight of Oreochromis niloticus was lowest on the control diet due to lower feed conversion ratio. Statistic analysis revealed that the soybean inclusion levels in diet is negatively correlated to weight gain and protein gain but has a strong positive correlation with lipid content of the fish carcass. 

scholarly journals PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WET NOODLE BASED ON POTATO AND TAPIOCA COMPOSITE FLOUR

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Zulman Efendi ◽  
Fitri Electrika D. Surawan ◽  
Yosy Sulastri
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
B Value ◽  
Absorption Index ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Potato Flour ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Tapioca Flour

Wet noodle properties prepared from tapioca flour : potato flour proportion i.e. 70:30; 60:40; 50:50; 40:60; and 30:70 were studied by Complete Randomized Design. The potato flour proportion effect were significantly contributing to physical properties of strain and waterabsorption index, moisture content, and L, a, b value.The wet noodle prepared from tapioca : potato flour = 70:30; 60:40; 50:50 have no significant different on strain (?L/L) and , water absorption index, moisture content and L, a, b value.The wet noodle prepared fromtapioca :potato flour = 40:60 and 30:70 hadlower strain (?L/L) index thus giving the highest waterabsorptionand moisture content. But its noodle has lower brightness level. The result revealed the possibility of composite flour from potato and tapioca 50:50 could be produce wet noodle for functional food. Its physical properties i.e. strain and water absorption index, moisture content, and L, a, b value were 0.5, 0.37, 47.35, and 65.6, -1.0, 25.6, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document