SENTRALISASI ISLAM MARJINAL

2017 ◽  
pp. 83-112
Author(s):  
Lukmanul Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Criticism ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Work First

This paper aims to analyze the thoughts of Hamka in Malay Islamic Nysties Historiography. The method used is historical method, especially historiography approach. Characteristic of Hamka's work; First, writing techniques; Not using footnotes, style of language; Simple, alive, and communicative. The sources used by Hamka can be grouped into three groups; Primary sources, historical books composed by Muslim authors themselves; Second, the second source of material is the Dutch and British writers' writings on Indonesia and the Malay Land; Third, the third source of material materials that allegedly most of the writers of Islamic history in Indonesia did not get it. While from the Method of Historical Criticism, according to Hamka there are two ways to write history among Muslims; First collecting all the facts wherever it comes from, no matter whether the facts make sense or not, what needs to be taken care of is where this history is received. Second, judging the facts and giving their own opinions, after the facts were collected, this is the system used by Ibn Khaldun.

scholarly journals The House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikmah) and Its Civilizational Impact on Islamic libraries: A Historical Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Abdul-Aziz Algeriani ◽  
Mawloud Mohadi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe House of Wisdom (Bayt Al-Hikmah) was seen as one of the leading libraries in Islamic history that appeared during the Golden age of Islam. It was initiated by the Abbasid dynasty. The research historically analyses the civilizational role of Bayt Al-Hikmah that has remarkably adapted the intellectual richness to serve scholars, scientists and worldwide thinkers. The study highlights the development that marked the house of wisdom in the time of the Abbasids. The main objective of this paper is to explore the impact of the house of wisdom on the Islamic libraries, moreover it studies the organizational structure of Bayt al-Hikmah along with library divisions and services that it provided for scholars and readers. The paper shall also deal with funding sources. The study found out that, the house of wisdom has had a very organized management system especially in collecting and book cataloguing, the library had a great interest in debating and scientific circles in various topics and subjects. In addition, some new competing libraries have been influenced by the system of the house of wisdom in Egypt and Andalusia. It preserved the knowledge and heritage of the ancient civilizations and it contributed with a remarkable and an unprecedented discoveries that the western civilization have utilized to thrive. The paper shall follow a historical method which comprises some guidelines by which the authors utilize primary sources to conduct a historical account.

scholarly journals ABOUT MEDIEVAL EGYPTIAN HISTORIANS

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
ZUKHRA ARIPOVA
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Mamluk Period ◽  
Historical Methods

This article is dedicated to the life and work of historians of the Mamluk period (1250-1517) in Egypt and the rich heritage left by them. In the XIII-XV centuries, Egypt had a special place among the countries of the Middle East due to the activities of the Mamluks. The prestige of the Mamluk sultans increased due to their victories in the fght against the Crusaders and the Mongols in the Middle East. The establishment of Mamluk rule in the history of Egypt, the growth of the superiority of military Mamluks in the country, the rise of the Bakhrit Mamluk sultans (1250-1382) and the political processes of the Burjit (Circassian) Mamluk period (1282-1517) are of particular interest for s this study. This article provides extensive information on the activities and works of medieval historians such as Abu alMahasin, Ibn Daud Al-Sayraf, Abd Ar-Rahman As-Sahawi, Jalal ad-Din As-Suyuti, Ibn Iyas Muhammad ibn Ahmad and Ibn Zanbal Ar-Rummal, Ali ibn Ahmad Ibn al-Asir, Abd Ar-Rahman Ibn Khaldun, al-Umari, Shahab ad-din alKalkashandi, Taki ad-din Al-Makrizi, Az-Zahiri, Khalil ibn Shahin. Relevance: After Uzbekistan gained independence, orientalists have new opportunities to search, study and disseminate information about Islam and the history of Islam among the general public. When studying the period of the history of the Mamluks in Egypt, many aspects of the history of Mavaraunnahr of that time are also revealed. Studying the primary sources containing information on this topic makes it possible to objectively evaluate the political, social and economic processes of this period. Methods. The article uses generally accepted historical methods based on the principles of historicity, structurality and objectivity. Conclusions: Also, it must be pointed out that objective coverage of the history of this period, in addition to the historical works of the above authors of the 13th-15th centuries, is facilitated by the study of various scientifc treatises, commentaries, shortened versions of works (almukhtasar), dictionaries, prose and poetic works.

scholarly journals The history of the creation of lasers and analysis of the impact of their application in the material processing on the development of certain industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-149
Author(s):  
Artemii Bernatskyi ◽  
Vladyslav Khaskin
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Laser Technology ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
Patent Wars ◽  
The Impact

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the history of the creation of the laser as one of the greatest technical inventions of the 20th century. This paper focuses on establishing a relation between the periodization of the stages of creation and implementation of certain types of lasers, with their influence on the invention of certain types of equipment and industrial technologies for processing the materials, the development of certain branches of the economy, and scientific-technological progress as a whole. In preparing the paper, the generally accepted methods, which are widely used in the preparation of historical research works, have been applied: the historical method – for the study and interpretation of the texts of primary sources and the search for other evidence used for research, as well as for the presentation of historical events associated with the development of laser technology; the historical-genetic method – for studying the genesis of specific historical phenomena and analyzing the causality of changes in the development of laser technology; the historical-critical method – for displaying cause-and-effect relationships, reconstructing events that influenced the development of laser technology; the method of historical periodization. The variety of different possible options for the use of lasers did not allow placing all the collected materials within the framework of one paper, and therefore, the authors have decided to dwell on the facts, which, in the opinion of the paper’s authors, are the most interesting, significant, poorly studied, and little known. The paper discusses the stages of: invention of the first laser; creation of the first commercial lasers; development of the first applications of lasers in industrial technologies for processing the materials. Special attention is paid to the “patent wars” that accompanied different stages of the creation of lasers. A comparative analysis of the market development for laser technology from the stage of creation to the present has been carried out. It has been shown that the modern market for laser technology continues to develop actively, as evidenced by the continued stable growth of laser sales over the past 10 years. This indicates that the demand for laser technology is inextricably linked with the development of high technology production and scientific-technological progress. The analysis has shown that recently, the trends in the use of laser technology have changed; in particular, their industrial and medical applications are decreasing, while there is an increase in their use in the fields of sensor production and communication.

Latour’s Modern Is Fanon’s Manichaean

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-194
Author(s):  
Emily Anne Parker
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Frantz Fanon ◽  
The Political ◽  
Bruno Latour ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adequate Response

The third chapter looks to the work of Bruno Latour and Frantz Fanon, each of whom offers a way of bridging the concerns of Barad and Hartman. Latour and Fanon are often read as primary sources in political ecology and performativity respectively. And yet political ecology and social construction each represent a polarization explored in different ways by Latour and Fanon themselves. This chapter argues that Latour’s denunciation of the modern is helpful, but it does not offer an adequate response to ecofascism. This chapter argues that Fanon’s exposition offers a better framework for bridging the ecological and the political. Although Fanon’s work concurs, with Latour, that that which is biological is polarized with respect to the political, Fanon suggests that the biological is not understood to be without agency so much as it is problematically agential. This chapter completes the philosophy of elemental difference begun in Chapter 1.

scholarly journals Die Christelike filosofie van H. Dooyeweerd (1894–1977) soos gerekonstrueer volgens Vollenhoven se probleem-historiese metode

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Van der Walt
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Critical Realism ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Christian Philosophy ◽  
The Road ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Part ◽  
Introductory Overview ◽  
New Research

Hierdie inleidende, oorsigtelike artikel is die derde in ’n reeks van drie in hierdie tydskrif. Die kort trilogie beoog om die grondleggers van ’n Christelike filosofie, naamlik D.H.Th. Vollenhoven (1892–1978), H.G. Stoker (1899–1993) en H. Dooyeweerd (1894–1977) bekend te stel. In hierdie bydrae word gepoog om die hooftrekke van Dooyeweerd se komplekse filosofiese ontwikkelingsgang te rekonstrueer met behulp van sy Nederlandse kollega, Vollenhoven, se probleem-historiese metode van wysgerige historiografie. Ter inleiding word belangrike agtergrondinligting oor hierdie internasionaal erkende Christelike denker gegee. Daar word ook daarop gewys dat Dooyeweerd en Vollenhoven aan die begin (1918–1922) dieselfde filosofiese standpunt (wat deur Vollenhoven ontwerp is) gehuldig het. Mettertyd het hulle filosofiese paaie egter verskillend ontwikkel en groot verskille het in hulle konsepsies ontstaan. In die tweede gedeelte word eerstens daarop gewys dat Vollenhoven asook verskeie van sy leerlinge lank tevore reeds monargianistiese tendense by Dooyeweerd vermoed het. Sedert 2010 suggereer navorsing dat Dooyeweerd se filosofie oor ’n periode van ongeveer 50 jaar deur ten minste die volgende drie verskillende fases ontwikkel het: 1918–1922 (kritiese realisme), 1923–1928 (semimistiek) en 1929–1977 (monistiese monargianisme). Met hierdie indeling as hipotese word daarna verskillende moontlike invloede op Dooyeweerd van binne die eie geesgenootlike kring sowel as daarbuite nagegaan. Laastens word enkele van sy uitstaande bydraes uitgelig. Op grond van ’n terugblik van al drie die bydraes in hierdie reeks, word ten slotte enkele opmerkings ten opsigte van die pad vorentoe gemaak.This introductory overview is the third in a series of three in this journal. The aim of this trilogy is to introduce the founders of a Christian philosophy, viz. D.H.Th. Vollenhoven (1892–1978), H.G. Stoker (1899–1993) and H. Dooyeweerd (1994–1977) to the readers. The present article tries to reconstruct the contours of the complex philosophical development of Dooyeweerd by employing the problem-historical method of philosophical historiography of his colleague, Vollenhoven. The introduction provides important background information about this internationally acclaimed scholar. It is indicated that at the emergence of a reformational philosophy (1918–1922) these two thinkers shared a viewpoint mainly developed by Vollenhoven. Afterwards, however, their philosophical journeys developed in different directions, distinct from each other. A second section of the article draws attention to the fact that since long ago Vollenhoven and some of his followers suspected monarchian tendencies in Dooyeweerd’s thinking. Since 2010 new research suggests that his philosophy developed during a period of about 50 years through at least the following three phases: 1918–1922 (critical realism), 1923–1928 (semi-mysticism) and 1929–1977 (monistic monarchianism). This hypothesis about Dooyeweerd’s philosophical development enables a next (third) step, viz. to trace the possible internal influences (from his like-minded predecessors) as well as external (secular) ones on the formation of his thought. A following (fourth) part provides a few highlights of his contribution to Christian scholarship. Finally, in retrospection on all three articles, this contribution is concluded with a few remarks about the road ahead.

The Poetry and the Prose of the Future

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Science Of History ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Poetic Response ◽  
Century Science

The Introduction examines three moments that have proven foundational for the fraught relationship between poetry and history. The first occurs in the fourth century B. C. in Aristotle’s Poetics, the earliest attempt to provide a systematic definition of the structure and effects of poetry and, consequently, the origin of all later crises of verse. The second appears in Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire, a text that offers a complicated poetic response to a moment of crisis in Marx’s own historical method. The third appears in the early writings of Friedrich Nietzsche, where, against the onset of the nineteenth-century science of history, the demand to see history become poetry is made explicit. Focusing on these three moments, the Introduction establishes the intellectual-historical coordinates of the poetico-historical problem that T. S. Eliot and Walter Benjamin inherit.

scholarly journals God as One

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem H. Oliver ◽  
Erna Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Early Church ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Trinity

Two notions are discussed in this article, namely, the (unity of the) Trinity and God’s omnipresence. These two notions are deeply embedded in the Christian faith system and religion – they actually form both the basis and point of departure for the Christian religion. The aim of this article is to revisit the (Early Church and present) dogma of the Church about the Trinity and omnipresence of God as a result of the heresies and apologies linked to this dogma, and to rethink the notion of the concept ‘Trinity’ linked to God’s omnipresence. The historical method is used in the discussion of the (primary) sources and to reach the outcome.

Is there A Place for Historical Criticism?

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Price
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Historical Criticism ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
Son Of Man ◽  
The World ◽  
Christian Origins ◽  
Logical Extension

Modern historical criticism of the gospels and Christian origins began in the seventeenth century largely as an attempt to debunk the Christian religion as a pious fraud. The gospels were seen as bits of priestcraft and humbug of a piece with the apocryphal Donation of Constantine. In the few centuries since Reimarus and his critical kin, historical criticism has been embraced and assimilated by many Christian scholars who have seen in it the logical extension of the grammatico-historical method of the Reformers. The new views of New Testament exegesis and of early Christian history are important and well known. Many New Testament scholars would now hold with Schweitzer and Bultmann that Jesus was a preacher of the imminent end of the world. He may have secretly considered himself to be the Messiah, or he may have simply sought to pave the way for another, the apocalyptic Son of Man. After his execution, his disciples' experiences of his resurrection forced on them a conclusion already implicit in his teachings and personal piety: that Jesus was indeed, or had become, the Messiah, and was in fact God's Son. They expected he would soon return as the Son of Man he had predicted.

scholarly journals BULAN SABIT DI ATAS LAMPION: DINAMIKA DAN KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL TIONGHOA MUSLIM DI SURAKARTA TAHUN 1982-2013

Tsaqofah ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Ryas Basmala
Keyword(s):  
Source Criticism ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Big City ◽  
Chinese Descent ◽  
Big Cities

This study explains how the Chinese in Surakarta have established themselves to convert to Islam. While in other big cities there are already associations to accommodate Chinese Moslem people, but in Surakarta, which is a big city, there is no forum to gather these people. This study uses four main steps of the historical method, namely: (1) heuristics, (2) source criticism, (3) interpretation, and (4) historiography. The result of this research is that the Chinese descent converted to Islam due to three reasons, the first is because of marriage, the second is guidance, and the third is because they follow the religion of their parents or are Muslim since birth. Although there is no PITI (Indonesian Chinese Islamic Association) in Surakarta, in Surakarta there is an organization called Mualaf Center Soloraya, this organization can be used to add Islamic insight to people who have converted to Islam.

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