scholarly journals Overview and Analysis of the Overheating Effect in Modern Sudanese Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-219
Author(s):  
Suha I. A. Ali ◽  
Zsuzsa Szalay
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Cooling Devices ◽  
Dynamic Energy Simulation ◽  
Modern Building

Sudan is suffering from harsh summers, but most of the modern buildings in urban areas are not compatible with the recent and future climate phenomena. Application of cooling devices is relatively expensive and therefore beyond reach. The main objective of this research is to give an overview on the overheating problem and the thermal comfort in buildings. A dynamic energy simulation has been performed for a selected case study using Design Builder Code. The results show that the share of discomfort hours for a typical modern building is 78% and 33% above 26 °C and 32 °C per year, respectively, but after using a combination of different ventilation, shading and building materials options the discomfort hours can be reduced to 77% and 26%, respectively.

scholarly journals Method for Quantifying Supply and Demand of Construction Minerals in Urban Regions—A Case Study of Hanoi and Its Hinterland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4358
Author(s):  
Georg Schiller ◽  
Tamara Bimesmeier ◽  
Anh T.V. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Urban Structures

Urbanization is a global trend: Since 2007 more than 50% of the world’s population have been living in urban areas, and rates of urbanization are continuing to rise everywhere. This growth in urbanization has led to an increased demand for natural resources, in particular non-metallic minerals such as stones, sand and clay, which account for one third of the entire flow of materials. Generally, these materials are traded within regional markets. This close geographical link between the demand for building materials in urban areas and the material supply in the hinterland leads to massive interventions in the natural environment and landscape. These urban–rural linkages can be revealed by applying Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to the built environment in order to trace the flows of building materials. The objective of this paper is to present a method for quantifying regional material flows by considering the supply and demand of building materials. This will be applied to the Vietnamese case study area of Hanoi and its hinterland province Hoa Binh. The results indicate a consumption of almost 60% of the construction mineral reserves in total secured by planning in the hinterland province considering a period of 15 years. However, this does not allow for the general conclusion that raw materials are sufficiently available. The sand reservoirs are only sufficient for eight years and clay reserves are used up after four years. This increases the need to exploit further raw material reserves, which are becoming increasingly scarce and results in stronger interventions in nature In order to safeguard the hinterland from the negative impacts of urbanization, a new understanding of resource efficiency is needed—one that acknowledges both resource efficiency in the construction of urban structures and appropriate resource conservation in the provision of the raw materials from the hinterland. This will require the creation of new integrated planning approaches between urban and regional planning authorities. Regional MFA is one way of realising such an approach.

scholarly journals Effect of Materials in Life Cycle Energy Assessment: A Case Study of a Single Storey Building

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
C. Sivapragasam . ◽  
PL. Meyyappan . ◽  
Rithu Christy . ◽  
V. Akila Reddy ◽  
S. Karthiga
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Operational Phase ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Storey Building

Life Cycle Energy Assessment (LCEA) of buildings is commonly being adopted as a tool to evaluate the environmental effects of a building throughout its entire life cycle to enhance the building sustainability. The different phases in the LCEA of a building involve the extraction & manufacturing of building materials, construction, operation, maintenance and demolishing. It measures all inputs to a building and all outputs (emissions) released to the environment in all the phases. This study particularly focuses on the ‘operational’ phase of the LCEA and recommends what materials changes in some of the building components under Indian conditions can lead to lower energy consumption. The case study considered is a single storey building with a plan dimension of 10m x 7m. eQuest software is used for energy simulation. An attempt is also made to study the influence of environmental impacts of the building key assembly components such as roofs and infill walls etc. It is strongly recommended that all structural designs should consider LCEA before it is approved.

Smart and Cool Home in Malaysia

2011 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Muhammad Azzam ◽  
Abdul Rashid Fahanim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Innovative Strategies

Achieving thermal comfort in the tropical climate of Malaysia is always a great challenge for any house designer or builder. Although some practical solutions have been developed over centuries through the slow but constant evolution of indigenous houses such the Malay house, the longhouses in Borneo and the Chinese townhouses in Melaka, their integration into contemporary designs have been hampered by various modern constraints. For instance, building the Malay house in urban areas is deemed unsuitable due to the need for wide land lots and their perceptively fragile building materials that do not allay any security worries. The lack of skilled carpenters for building such a house is also a worsening problem. Hence, new and innovative strategies to achieve thermal comfort for contemporary houses are greatly needed to serve the needs and expectations of an urbanized society. One method that has been studied and proved successful is the Smart and Cool Home system which was first used at a private bungalow in Semenyih, Malaysia. The overarching principle of this system is to reverse the role of the building envelope from being a thermal mass into a heat sink which effectively reduces heat gains and allow the occupants inside to easily adapt to a milder indoor environment. This paper describes this house in detail and provides some understanding of the principles involved.

scholarly journals Potential Damage to Modern Building Materials from 21st Century Air Pollution

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Brimblecombe ◽  
Carlota M. Grossi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Aggressive Environment ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Modern Building

The evolution of damage to building materials has been estimated for the 21stcentury, with a particular focus on aluminum, zinc, copper, plastic, paint, and rubber in urban areas. We set idealized air pollution and climates to represent London and Prague across the period 1950–2100. Environmental parameters were used to estimate future recession, corrosion, and loss of properties through published damage or dose-response functions. The 21stcentury seems to provide a less aggressive environment for stone and metals than recent times. Improvements in air quality are the most relevant drivers for this amelioration. Changes in climate predicted for the 21stcentury do not alter this picture. On the other hand, polymeric materials, plastic, paint, and rubber might show slightly increased rates of degradation, to some extent the result of enhanced oxidant concentrations, but also the possibility of contributions from more solar radiation.

scholarly journals Optimization of sustainable buildings envelopes for extensive sheep farming through the use of dynamic energy simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Menconi ◽  
David Grohmann
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Energy Optimization ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Simulation Engine ◽  
Dynamic Energy Simulation

Extensive sheep farming can be seen as a marginal market, compared to other livestock and agricultural activities, taking into account only the economic absolute values. But for many rural marginal areas within the European Community member states, in particular for those located in the Mediterranean area on hills or mountains with high landscape value, extensive sheep farming is not only the longest practiced animal farming activity, but also the most interesting considering its adaptability to the territorial morphology and the restrictions that have been established over the years in terms of sustainable rural development practices. At the moment, most of the structures used in this type of farming are built using low cost and sometimes recycled, but often unsuitable, materials. Few specific studies have been carried out on this particular issue assuming, presumably, that the very low profit margins of these activities made impossible any restructuring. Taken this into account, the new Rural Development Plans that will be issued in 2014 will surely contain some measure dedicated to innovations in farming structures and technology towards facilitating the application of the principles of energy optimization. This is the framework in which the present research has developed. The software that has been applied to perform the energy optimization analysis is the dynamic energy simulation engine Energy Plus. A case study farm has been identified in the small village of Ceseggi (PG), situated in Central Italy. For the case study optimum thermo hygrometric conditions have been identified to ensure the welfare of animals and operators and it has been hypothesized the insertion of an ideal HVAC system to achieve them. Afterwards were evaluated the different energy requirements of the building while varying the insulation material used on the vertical surfaces. The greater goal is to verify which could be the best insulation material for vertical surfaces from energy requirement, primary energy and cost points of view and to verify as well if it would be possible to achieve optimum environmental conditions by using only passive solutions.

scholarly journals A parametric building energy simulation case study on the potential and limitations of passive design in the Mediterranean climate of Malta

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Manz ◽  
Daniel Micallef ◽  
Simon Paul Borg ◽  
Vincent Buhagiar
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Building Energy Simulation ◽  
Artificial Heating ◽  
The Impact

The present case study sets out to investigate the potential and limitations of passive building design in a typical Mediterranean climate. The Maltese Islands were taken as the case study location. Assuming a fully detached, cuboid-shaped, generic multi-storey office building, one representative storey was modelled by means of the building energy simulation code WUFI®Plus. Thermal comfort was analysed based on the adaptive acceptable operative room temperature concept of EN 15251 for buildings without mechanical cooling systems. Assuming neither artificial heating nor cooling, the free-running operative room temperature was evaluated. By means of a parametric study, the robustness of the concept was analysed and the impact of orientation, window to wall area ratio, glazing, shading, thermal insulation, nighttime ventilation and thermal mass on the achievable level of thermal comfort is shown and discussed. It is concluded that in a well-designed building and by means of decent insulation (present case: Uwall = 0.54 W/(m2 · K)), double glazing, variable external shading devices and passive cooling by nighttime ventilation, a high level of thermal comfort is achievable in this climate using only very minor amounts of energy for artificial heating and cooling or possibly even none at all.

scholarly journals Air-conditioning and the adaptation cooling deficit in emerging economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Pavanello ◽  
Enrica De Cian ◽  
Marinella Davide ◽  
Malcolm Mistry ◽  
Talita Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Space Cooling ◽  
Cooling Devices ◽  
Unequal Opportunities

AbstractIncreasing temperatures will make space cooling a necessity for maintain comfort and protecting human health, and rising income levels will allow more people to purchase and run air conditioners. Here we show that, in Brazil, India, Indonesia, and Mexico income and humidity-adjusted temperature are common determinants for adopting air-conditioning, but their relative contribution varies in relation to household characteristics. Adoption rates are higher among households living in higher quality dwellings in urban areas, and among those with higher levels of education. Air-conditioning is unevenly distributed across income levels, making evident the existence of a disparity in access to cooling devices. Although the adoption of air-conditioning could increase between twofold and sixteen-fold by 2040, from 64 to 100 million families with access to electricity will not be able to adequately satisfy their demand for thermal comfort. The need to sustain electricity expenditure in response to higher temperatures can also create unequal opportunities to adapt.

scholarly journals Perencanaan hutan kota sebagai pengendali kenyamanan termal (studi kasus: Subak Munduk Gendang, Desa Kesiman Kertalangu, Kecamatan Denpasar Timur, Kota Denpasar, Bali)

2020 ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
I Made Dwita Hadi Restyatama ◽  
I Gusti Agung Ayu Rai Asmiwyati ◽  
I Gusti Alit Gunadi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Danger Signal ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Signal Method

Urban forest planning as a thermal comfort controller (case study: Subak Munduk Gendang, Kesiman Kertalangu village, East Denpasar district, Denpasar City, Bali). Urban Forest is a land stretching with dense trees growing in urban areas both on state land and public land, in which is appointed as urban forest by government official authority. One function of the urban forest is to ameliorate microclimate in urban areas so that thermal comfort will increase. The aim of this research is to design urban forest as controller of thermal comfort. This research uses the potential analysis method, site constraints method, amenity method, danger signal method, Thermal Humidity Index (THI), vegetation analysis methods, and linear regression methods. The site of this research is divided into three zone, such as extensive zone, semi intensive zone and intensive zone based on the potential and the constraint of biophysical aspects of the site. The result of this research is on the plan of adding tree green space about 20,53% or 15610 m2 of the total area of Subak Munduk Gendang, thereby it is estimated that THI value <27,00 (ideal THI 27,00).

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