Biogas production from silage maize hybrids

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
Z. Hegyi ◽  
Z. Zsubori-Tóth ◽  
J. Pintér ◽  
C. Marton
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Biogas Yield

Experiments have been underway in Martonvásár for many years to develop leafy silage hybrids, which have a greater aboveground mass than conventional silage hybrids. The best hybrids for biogas production would be those that produce a large quantity of biomass and are rich in starch. The chief characteristic of leafy hybrids is that they have more leaves than normal hybrids. Due to this enhanced leaf area above the ear, the vegetative period of leafy genotypes is shorter, while the grain-filling period is longer, which has a positive effect on both yield and grain quality. The results of the present experiment show that during the anaerobic fermentation of the silage, leafy hybrids produced more biogas (640 l per 1000 g dry matter) than conventional hybrids (606 l per 1000 g dry matter). There were no significant differences between the methane contents of the leafy and non-leafy hybrids tested in the experiment. A strong positive correlation was found between biogas yield and the starch content of the silage, and a moderate positive correlation between biogas yield and the sugar content. The correlation between biogas yield and the lignin and protein contents was negative, in accordance with other literary data.

scholarly journals The comparison of single and double cut harvests on biomass yield, quality and biogas production of Miscanthus × giganteus

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Marta Kupryś-Caruk ◽  
Sławomir Podlaski
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the research was to determine the impact of double-cut harvest system on yield, as well as on suitability of Miscanthus × giganteus biomass for ensiling and biogas production. Biomass was harvested at the end of June (harvest I) and at the beginning of October (harvest II, regrowth). A single-cut regime at the end of October was also conducted. Biomass from harvests I and II was ensiled and subjected to anaerobic fermentation. The total dry matter (DM) yield from double-cut harvest system was similar to the DM yield from one-cut harvest, but two harvests per year had a positive effect on chemical composition of the biomass. C/N ratio and lignin content in the biomass from harvest I was lower compared to the single-cut biomass. Double harvest biomass was susceptible to ensiling, however, the biomass from harvest I characterized by low dry matter and water soluble sugars content resulted in poorer quality of the obtained silage (butyric acid was present). There were no significant differences between the methane yields obtained from ensiled biomass from harvests I and II.

Some effects of gamma radiation on several varieties of Tasmanian potatoes. 2. Biochemical changes

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Wills
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Sugars

Tasmanian Up-to-date, Kennebec, Sebago, and Sequoia tubers were treated with low doses of gamma radiation to inhibit sprouting and were subsequently stored at 68�F or 45�F. Tubers were examined at bi-monthly intervals for some, or all, of the following biochemical constituents : dry matter, thiamin, reduced ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, total ascorbic acid, soluble reducing sugars, sucrose, total sugars, and starch. Radiation, independent of dose level, led to lower dry matter contents in the Up-to-date, Kennebec, and Sequoia tubers after four months storage, and in the Sebago tubers after six months storage at 68�F, but not at 45�F, when compared to the controls. The thiamin content of Up-to-date tubers w-as not influenced by radiation (16,000 rads). Storage w-as a more important factor than radiation in altering the ascorbic acid content of tubers. Radiation maintained, or even increased the normal level. Radiation increased the soluble reducing sugar content of Sequoia tubers, the total sugar of Sequoia and Sebago tubers, and the sucrose content of the Sebago tubers, but had little effect on the starch content of these varieties. Storage influenced some of these constituents, particularly in the Sebago variety.

Starch Synthesis in the Kernel of Wheat Under High Temperature Conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
CF Jenner
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Temperature Responses

As temperature rises above 18-22�C, the observed decrease in the duration of deposition of dry matter in the kernel is not accompanied by a compensating increase in the rate of grain filling with the result that grain weight (and yield) is diminished at high temperature. Reduced starch content accounts for most of the reduction in grain dry matter at high temperature. Responses to temperature in the low temperature range, 20-30�C (the LTR), could possibly be ascribed to the temperature response characteristics of the reaction catalysed by soluble starch synthase (SSS), the enzyme synthesising starch. However, the rate of cell enlargement and the rate of accumulation of nitrogen in the grain also do not increase much as temperature rises, so other explanations are conceivable for the temperature responses in the LTR. Variation amongst cultivars of wheat in tolerance of high temperature is evident in the LTR. At temperatures above 30�C (in the high temperature range (HTR) between 30 and 40�C), even for short periods, the rate of starch deposition is slower than that observed at lower temperatures, an effect which is carried over after transfer from high to lower temperatures. This response is attributable to a reduction in the activity, possibly due to thermal denaturation, of SSS. Several forms of SSS are found in cereal endosperm, and some forms may be more tolerant of high temperature than others. Loss of enzyme activity at high temperature is swift, but is partly restored some time after transfer from hot to cool conditions. There appear to be two distinct mechanisms of response to elevated temperature, both resulting in a reduced grain weight through reduced starch deposition, but one of them is important only in the range of temperature above 30�C.

scholarly journals The usefulness of sugar beets for biogas production in relations of the storage time and sugar content

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Mioduszewska ◽  
Mariusz Adamski ◽  
Anna Smurzyńska ◽  
Jacek Przybył ◽  
Krzysztof Pilarski
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Biogas Yield

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of sugar beet for biogas production, taking into account the duration time of storage and sugar content in the roots. The research has included analysis of methane and biogas yield of sugar beet. The relations between the sugar content in the roots and the length of storage period and the course of the methane fermentation process were determined. Sugar beets with sugar content of 17.6% and 19.6% were used for this experiment. In order to analyse the fermentation process, the fresh beets and the beets stored in flexible, hermetic tanks in the period of 43 and 89 days were used. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, it was found that the sugar content and the storage time of sugar beet roots can differentiate the production of biomethane and that it influences the methane fermentation process and the quality of the produced biogas.

DRY WEIGHT, SOLUBLE SUGAR CONTENT, AND STARCH CONTENT OF MAIZE KERNELS DURING THE EARLY POSTSILKING PERIOD

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Maize Kernels

Kernel development was studied in the maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids United-H106 and Funk’s G-4444, grown in a controlled-environment growth room. A method was employed in which husks were excised, and kernels were removed from the same set of ears at several subsequent sampling dates. This method did not affect the dry matter accumulation of the remaining kernels. Basal kernels (kernel numbers 6–15 in the row) and tip kernels (kernel numbers 31–40) were removed at 2-day intervals during the period from 10 to 20 days postsilking. Dry weight, ethanol-soluble sugar content, and starch content were determined for each sample. Accumulation of dry matter in the tip kernels ceased in a fraction of the United-H106 ears at the onset of the period of linear tip-kernel dry matter accumulation. Only small differences were observed in sugar content between growing and non-growing tip kernels of ears of United-H106. Starch appeared to continue to accumulate in kernels in which dry matter had ceased to accumulate. Except for a delay of approximately 2 days, the pattern of development of tip kernels in Funk’s G-4444 was similar to that of kernels at the base.

scholarly journals Stay-green traits of hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.) below and above ear during grain filling, and their association with grain yields in winter in subtropical foot plain of Nepalese Himalaya

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nav Raj Adhikari ◽  
Surya Kant Ghimire ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah ◽  
Keshab Babu Babu Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Correlation Pattern ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Green Leaves

Introduction: Plant breeders are in search of marker trait for high grain yielding genotypes or hybrids or populations in cross pollinating crop species like maize. Leaves that stay green long have been found grain yield attributing. But, recent studies have depicted either long, or short stay-green (SG) are high grain yielding. So, the research has been designed to examine a variety of SG traits during entire grain filling and their association to grain yields (GYs) among the fifteen newly bred single cross maize hybrids. Materials and methods: An RCBD trial of three replications was conducted planting seeds of the hybrids on October 3, 2012 at Rampur, Chitwan in the subtropical foot plain of Nepalese Himalaya. The sowing date of the trial was arranged to expose flowering and grain filling to natural winter. Results and discussion: Polynomial regression equations (PREs) obtained between GYs and numbers of green leaves below ear (BtmGrn) on 110, 125 and 140th day during GF of the FHs (fifteen hybrids) had coefficient of determination (r2) less than 18%. Although it is so, there is still two diagnostic association curves for high grain yielding hybrids (GYHs) 8, 12, 11, 13, 5, 6 and 7 and medium to low GYHs 10, 1, 14, 2, 9, 15, 4 and 3 separately. After the date, high GYHs still displayed association curve between GYs and BtmGrn. In addition; PREs obtained between GYs and numbers of green leaves above ear (TopE0Grn) during entire GF of the FHs had r2 19 to 53%. Although it is so, there is still separate diagnostic association curve for high GYHs 8, 12, 11, 13, 5, 6 and 7; and medium to low GYHs 10, 1, 14, 2, 9, 15, 4 and 3. High GYHs and medium to low GYHs similarly displayed different association curve between GYs and numbers of total green leaves (GrnLves) on 110 to 155th day during entire GF and that had r2 equal to 21 to 53%. Although r2 of the PRE formed between GYs and days for net ear senescence duration (ErSenDur) has been found higher than PREs formed for days for ear senescence completion (ErSenCmp) and net ear senescence duration (ErSenDur); two meaningful separate quadratic curves can form between ErSenIni and GYs of high GYHs and medium to low GYHs. Curve formed between GYs and days for 0% green PP (plant population) (days for 100% PP senescence) of the FHs reflect strong positive correlation and almost straight line regression among fourteen hybrids except the highest GYH 8. Although the hybrid 8 lost SG almost earliest, but its GY has been found highest. It means that the hybrid had highly photosynthetic leaves to contribute to high GY. But; fourteen high to low GYHs are inside the strong positive correlation pattern except GYH 8. So, number of days required by hybrids for 0% SG PP can be positive marker for selection of high GYHs.

Dry matter, Free Sugar and Starch Changes in Tuber Regions of White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.), and the Effect of Storage Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-309
Author(s):  
Elsie Hamadina
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Tail Region ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Rapid Changes

This study was conducted to determine the changes in dry matter (DM), free sugar (FS) and starch contents in the three yam (D. rotundata) tuber regions under two storage environmental conditions (natural light- yam barn, or and darkness). Three varieties of D. rotundata (alaako, Dodoro and Odo) were studied. The dry matter content of the Head region was the highest (28.6%), followed by the Middle (26.9%) and Tail (22.3%) regions. Change in dry matter content of the tuber is mainly due to rapid changes in the dry matter content of the Tail region over time. Storage environment significantly (P< 0.05) affected dry matter content of the three tuber regions at 8 and 16 weeks in storage (WIS). Head regions per variety were lower in dry matter when stored under Light than in the Dark at 8 WIS, while the reverse was the case for the Tail. This may relate to the release of endodormancy. By 16 WIS, when tubers stored under Light had well developed sprouts and those stored in the Dark only showed the first sign of sprouting, all Head regions had higher dry matter content under Light than in Dark storage. This may be due to the presence of sprouts. Storage environment did not significantly affect starch content at the various tuber regions. Head regions had higher percentage free sugar content under Light than Dark storage, and these effects were manifested between 8 and 16 WIS.

Dry matter and sugar content as parameters to assess the quality of sugar beet varieties for anaerobic digestion

2014 ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Starke ◽  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
The Impact

Sugar beet is considered as biogas substrate because of its high yield. However, varieties differ in quality, in particular sugar content, which might affect biogas formation. The study aimed at analysing the impact of different beet qualities on biogas formation. Furthermore, parameters describing beet quality for anaerobic digestion should be found. From 2009 to 2011 field trials with several sugar beet varieties and a fodder beet variety were conducted with different N application rates at sites near Göttingen and Regensburg to get a broad range of beet qualities. The dry matter composition of beets, leaves, winter beet, bolters and maize was analysed. Discontinuous batch trials with fresh beet material were conducted to determine biogas formation. Sugar beet varieties did not differ in their dry matter composition and thus in biogas formation, whereas differences occurred between sugar beet and other substrates. Sugar beet was characterised by a high content of organic dry matter (98% oDM). The degradation time was mainly affected by the crude fibre content of the material. Therefore 90% of the biogas from sugar beet was formed within 3.5 days, whereas from winter beet, bolters and maize it took more than 10 days. The calculation of the specific biogas yield of different sugar beet qualities with two formulae resulted in lower values than determined in batch trials. A formula was derived to assess sugar beet quality for anaerobic digestion based on the sugar content, as increasing sugar contents lead to increasing specific biogas yields per kilogramme fresh matter.

A Study on Dry Anaerobic Fermentation Technology of Pineapple Leaf Residue

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Yi Guo Deng ◽  
Jin Li Wang ◽  
Jing Jiao ◽  
Yong Zheng ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Fermentation Temperature ◽  
Leaf Residue

A self-designed constant temperature fermenter was manufactured and used for this study. Dry anaerobic fermentation experiments were conducted with sugarcane leaf residue as raw material. With the C/N ratio being 25:1, various total solids concentrations (TS), inoculum sizes and fermentation temperatures were selected to study biogas production characteristics. The experiment results showed that biogas yield increased rapidly during the initial stage of reaction, decreased quickly after reaching the peak, and the decrease slowed down at some level. Orthogonal experiment results showed that both fermentation temperature and solids concentration showed significant effects on gas production yield. Fermentation temperature showed the most significant effect, while the effect of inoculum size was not significant on gas yield. The optimum fermentation performance was obtained at 20% solid content, 35°C fermentation temperature, and 30% inoculum size.

Characteristics of Mixed Fermentation by Alternanthera Philoxeroides and Corn Stalk for Biogas Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Hui Huang ◽  
Yuan Fang Deng ◽  
Zhi Peng Cheng ◽  
Ning Xu ◽  
Ji Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Mixed Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Yield

In order to alleviate the shortage of raw materials in rural household biogas production and promote utilization of the formidable alien invasive species-alternanthera philoxeroides, mixed fermentation by alternanthera philoxeroides and corn stalk was designed and the performance was investigated in separated and different dry matter ratios (18.33, 6.25 and 3.46) treatments, by batch model at (35±1)°C.Results indicated that, the best biogas production appeared in the treatment of dry matter ratio of 6.25 when total solid (TS) loading of raw material was 8% and inoculating amount of biogas slurry was 20%, with TS and volatile solid (VS) biogas yields, and methane content of 325.74±5.11 mL/g, 456.06±4.87 mL/g and 60.56±1.23 %, respectively. Highly significant positive correlations (p˂0.01) were found between degradation rate of VS and four indexes such as average daily biogas yield, TS biogas yield, VS biogas yield and rate of change of total organic carbon (TOC) of fermentation liquid, while positive correlation between degradation rate of VS and methane content, and negative correlation between it and rate of change of volatile fatty acid (VFA), were not significant (p>0.05). Mixed fermentation by alternanthera philoxeroides and corn stalk could improve biogas production and achieve the gas peak in advance, therefore it had good feasibility.

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