Obesity and hypertension

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (44) ◽  
pp. 1736-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Simonyi ◽  
Réka Kollár
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increased Activity

The frequency of hypertension and obesity is gradually growing in Hungary. At present 68.5% of men and 78% of women are obese. Hypertension and obesity are the most important risk factors of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. The relationship between increased sympathetic activity and hypertension is well known. Waist circumference and body fat mass correlate significantly with sympathetic activity, in which hyperlipidemia plays also a role. The increased activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system via its vascular and renal effects also contributes to an increase of blood pressure. Increased sympathetic activity with decreasing vagal tone accompanying the imbalance of the autonomous nervous system is independent and significant risk factor of cardiovascular events including sudden cardiac death. Orv. Hetil., 154 (44), 1736–1742.

External Ventricular Drain Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. C. Wong ◽  
Wayne W. S. Poon
Keyword(s):  
Major Trauma ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
External Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Object The authors explored the relationship among the duration of external ventricular drainage, revision of external ventricular drains (EVDs), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infection to shed light on the practice of electively revising these drains. Methods In a retrospective study of 199 patients with 269 EVDs in the intensive care unit at a major trauma center in Australasia, the authors found 21 CSF infections. Acinetobacter accounted for 10 (48%) of these infections. Whereas the duration of drainage was not an independent predictor of infection, multiple insertions of EVDs was a significant risk factor. Second and third EVDs in previously uninfected patients were more likely to become infected than first EVDs. An EVD infection was initially identified a mean of 5.5 ±0.7 days postinsertion (standard error of the mean); these data—that is, the number of days—were normally distributed. Conclusions This pattern of infection is best explained by EVD-associated CSF infections being acquired by the introduction of bacteria on insertion of the drain rather than by subsequent retrograde colonization. Elective EVD revision would be expected to increase infection rates in light of these results, and thus the practice has been abandoned by the authors' institution.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants with Recurrent Brief Apneic Episodes

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Sheikh ◽  
Thomas C Stephen ◽  
Barbara Sisson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Esophageal Ph ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND: Apnea in an infant can be a diagnostic dilemma for the treating pediatrician. It is suggested that in some infants, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) might be a factor in the pathogenesis of apnea, although its role as a cause of apnea is still controversial.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of GER in infants presenting with recurrent brief apneic periods.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of all the infants who underwent prolonged esophageal pH studies for brief apneic episodes (n=105) at the Kosair Children’s Hospital in the six years from January 1992 to December 1997 was performed. Infants presenting with apparent life-threatening episodes were excluded.RESULTS: Of 105 infants, 72 (68.6%) were younger than two months of age and 22 (21%) were born preterm. Fifty of 105 infants (47.6%) had positive esophageal pH studies for acid reflux. Among infants with positive pH studies, only 21 (42%) had associated gastrointestinal or feeding complaints.CONCLUSION: GER is present in a large number of infants presenting with brief apneic episodes. Though the relationship between the two is still not fully established, GER may be a significant risk factor for such apneic episodes in infants.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Padi4 -94G/A Polymorphism and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-analysis in Multi Ethnic Groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changchun Jian ◽  
Jingsong Pu
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Peptidylarginine Deiminase ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Strength Of Association

Abstract Background: A number of studies have reported the association between peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) -94G/A polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk in different populations, however, the results remained inconclusive. Objecitve: We therefore aim to address this association by performed an updated meta-analysis in multi ethnic groups. Methods: The PubMed and Chinese related databases were searched up to January 2019. The strength of association between PADI -94G/A polymorphism and RA susceptibility was assessed with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 22 studies with 14514 RA cases and 21138 controls were finally included in the analysis. Six ethnic groups such as China, Japan, USA, UK, Sweden and Spain were contained. In the overall population, it revealed that PADI -94G/A polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of RA. In the subgroup analyses by ethnicity, significant association was found in China as well as in Japan and USA. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrates that the PADI4 -94G/A polymorphisms may represent a significant risk factor for RA in China, in Japan and USA. Further studies are needed to clarify this finding, since most available studies were conducted among Chinese and Japanese in this study.

Tobacco Use and Its Effects on the Periodontium and Periodontal Therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana K. Laxman ◽  
Sridhar Annaji
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Aim The purpose of this article is to present a review of the potential biological mechanisms underlying the effects of tobacco smoking on periodontal health and periodontal therapy. Background Periodontitis is the result of complex interrelationships between infectious agents and host factors. Environmental, acquired, and genetic risk factors modify the expression of disease and may, therefore, affect the onset or progression of periodontitis. Review Results The study of the relationship between periodontal disease and smoking has received increased attention during the last few years. Tobacco smoking has wide spread systemic effects, many of which may provide mechanisms for the increased susceptibility to periodontitis and the poorer response to treatment. Conclusion Tobacco smoking is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. Clinical Significance The role smoking plays in periodontal disease should be considered by clinicians and patients during active periodontal therapy and the oral health maintenance phases of care. Citation Laxman VK, Annaji S. Tobacco Use and Its Effects on the Periodontium and Periodontal Therapy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:097-107.

scholarly journals Risk of Dementia Associated with Elevated Plasma Homocysteine in a Latin American Population

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inara J. Chacón ◽  
Aldrín E. Molero ◽  
Gloria Pino-Ramírez ◽  
José A. Luchsinger ◽  
Joseph H. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Population

The relationship between total homocysteine (tHcy) and dementia risk remains controversial, as the association varies among populations and dementia subtypes. We studied a Venezuelan population that has high prevalence of both elevated tHcy and dementia. We tested the hypotheses that (1) elevated tHcy is associated with increased dementia risk, (2) the risk is greater for vascular dementia (VaD) than for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and (3) a history of stroke may partly explain this association. 2100 participants (≥55 years old) of the Maracaibo Aging Study underwent standardized neurological, neuropsychiatric, and cardiovascular assessments. Elevated tHcy was significantly associated with dementia, primarily VaD. When history of stroke and other confounding factors were taken into account, elevated tHcy remained a significant risk factor in older (>66 years), but not in younger (55–66 years) subjects. Ongoing studies of this population may provide insight into the mechanism by which tHcy increases risk for dementia.

scholarly journals The relationship between contact to cat and the development of asthma in children

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Made Lndah Nastiti Utami Budha ◽  
Roni Naning ◽  
Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Passive Smoker ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
The Relationship

Background Data suggesting history of direct or indirect contactto cats are either protective, has no effect or increase risk ofsensitization and asthma development.Objective To determine the relationship between childhoodcontact to cat and the development of asthma in children.Methods A case control study was conducted in Denpasar sinceDecember 2006 until Juli 2008. In this study, subjects withasthma (cases group) were selected for comparisons to a series of healthy subjects without asthma (controls group). Forty-sevensubjects (3-12 years) with asthma were recruited and matched(age and sex) with 4 7 healthy and non asthma controls. Data were collected using two kinds of questionnaires, i.e: ISAAC, ATS 78, and Robertson modification questionnaire from Medical School, University of Indonesia, which had been validated to determine asthma and asthma risk factors questionnaire. Data were analyzed as univariate by using chi-square or Fisher's exact test, and multivariate analysis by stepwise logistic regression model.Results Result of univariate analysis showed that there were seven significant risk factors of asthma. Using multivariate analysis, contact to cat was significant risk factor for asthma [OR: 4.5 (95% CI 1.3 to 16.0), P= 0.020]. Other significant risk factors were; contact to cockroach [OR: 11.7 (95% CI 2.6 to 51.6), P= 0.001], use of kapok mattress [OR: 6.4 (95% CI 1.4 to 29.0), P= 0.015], passive smoker [OR: 4.7 (95% CI 1.3 to 17.0), P= 0.018], and atopic history [OR: 9.2 (95% CI 2.3 to 36.7), P= 0.002].Conclusions There was a relationship between childhood contactto cat and the development of asthma in children. Risk factors that statistically significant were; contact to cockroach, use of kapok mattress, passive smoker, and history of allergy in study subject.

scholarly journals Antiphospholipid patterns predict risk of thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selcan Demir ◽  
Jessica Li ◽  
Laurence S Magder ◽  
Michelle Petri
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adjusted Rate Ratio

Abstract Objective We evaluated which aPL combinations increase the risk of future thrombosis in patients with SLE. Methods This prospective cohort study consisted of SLE patients who had been tested for all seven aPL (LA, aCL isotypes IgM, IgG and IgA, and anti-β2-glycoprotein I isotypes IgM, IgG and IgA). Pooled logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between aPL and thrombosis. Results There were 821 SLE patients with a total of 75 048 person-months of follow-up. During the follow-up we observed 88 incident cases of thrombosis: 48 patients with arterial, 37 with venous and 3 with both arterial and venous thrombosis. In individual models, LA was the most predictive of any [age-adjusted rate ratio 3.56 (95% CI 2.01, 6.30), P < 0.0001], venous [4.89 (2.25, 10.64), P < 0.0001] and arterial [3.14 (1.41, 6.97), P = 0.005] thrombosis. Anti-β2-glycoprotein I IgA positivity was a significant risk factor for any [2.00 (1.22, 3.3), P = 0.0065] and venous [2.8 (1.42, 5.51), P = 0.0029] thrombosis. Only anti-β2-glycoprotein I IgA appeared to add significant risk to any [1.73 (1.04, 2.88), P = 0.0362] and venous [2.27 (1.13, 4.59), P = 0.0218] thrombosis among those with LA. We created an interaction model with four categories based on combinations of LA and other aPL to look at the relationships between combinations and the risk of thrombosis. In this model LA remained the best predictor of thrombosis. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that in SLE, LA remained the best predictor of thrombosis and adding additional aPL did not add to the risk, with the exception of anti-β2-glycoprotein I IgA.

Impact of Fluid Balance on Mortality Is Mediated by Fluid Accumulation Index in Sepsis: A Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 088506662096062
Author(s):  
Yanfei Shen ◽  
Xinmei Huang ◽  
Guolong Cai ◽  
Qianghong Xu ◽  
Caibao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intake Ratio

Fluid balance (FB) is associated with poor sepsis outcomes; however, it cannot accurately reflect the dynamic fluid accumulation status. Here, we explored a new index, the FB to fluid intake ratio (FB/FI), for evaluating dynamic fluid accumulation in sepsis. FB/FI values within 48 hours were recorded. Their association with in-hospital mortality was investigated using logistic regression and mediation analyses of data from 7,839 patients. In extended logistic models, a linear association was found between FB and mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.05-1.08, p < 0.001). However, this association became non-significant after the adjustment of FB/FI (OR: 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1.02). For FB/FI and mortality, a cut-off value of 0.25 was defined. In the spline function logistic model, FB/FI > 0.25 was significantly associated with increased mortality (OR: 4.46, 95% CI: 2.92-6.80), whereas FB/FI ≤ 0.25 was not. For the FB/FI > 0.25 subgroup, mediation analysis was used to clarify the relationship between FB, FB/FI, and mortality. We observed that the direct effect of FB was non-significant (adjusted coefficient: −0.001, 95% CI: −0.005 to 0.002) while the indirect effect was significant (adjusted coefficient: 0.009, 95% CI: 0.006-0.011). In the FB/FI ≤ 0.25 subgroup, both the FB volume (0.9 ± 0.7 vs. −2.0 ± 1.9, p < 0.001) and the FB/FI ratio (0.14 ± 0.07 vs. −0.77 ± 1.60, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with FB > 0 than those with FB ≤ 0. However, both the crude and adjusted comparisons of hospital mortality were non-significant. Similar associations were observed in septic shock patients. FB/FI > 0.25 is a significant risk factor for mortality in sepsis, while FB/FI ≤ 0.25 is not. The association between FB and mortality is completely mediated by this new fluid accumulation index. More comprehensive indices are required for evaluating dynamic fluid status in sepsis.

scholarly journals Safety of renal biopsy bleeding prophylaxis with desmopressin

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052110407
Author(s):  
R. Haridian Sosa Barrios ◽  
Víctor Burguera Vion ◽  
Marta Álvarez Nadal ◽  
Melissa Cintra Cabrera ◽  
Sandra Elías Triviño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Percutaneous Renal Biopsy ◽  
Bleeding Prophylaxis

Background Percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) is invasive, and bleeding-related complications are a concern. Desmopressin (DDAVP) is a selective type 2 vasopressin receptor-agonist also used for haemostasis. Aim To evaluate the side effects of intravenous (IV) weight-adjusted desmopressin preceding PRB. Methods This was a retrospective study of renal biopsies performed by nephrologists from 2013 to 2017 in patients who received single-dose DDAVP pre-PRB. Results Of 482 PRBs, 65 (13.5%) received DDAVP (0.3 µg/kg); 55.4% of the PRBs were native kidneys. Desmopressin indications were altered platelet function analyser (PFA)-100 results (75.3% of the patients), urea >24.9 mmol/L (15.5%), antiplatelet drugs (6.1%) and thrombocytopaenia (3%). Of the 65 patients, 30.7% had minor asymptomatic complications, and 3 patients had major complications. Pre-PRB haemoglobin (Hb) <100 g/L was a risk factor for Hb decrease >10 g/L, and altered collagen-epinephrine (Col-Epi) time was a significant risk factor for overall complications. Mean sodium decrease was 0.6 ± 3 mmol/L. Hyponatraemia without neurological symptoms was diagnosed in two patients; no cardiovascular events occurred. Conclusion Hyponatraemia after single-dose DDAVP is rare. A single IV dose of desmopressin adjusted to the patient’s weight is safe as pre-PRB bleeding prophylaxis.

scholarly journals Depressive Symptoms and Alcohol Use Among Male and Female University Students: Is Inner Meaning Fulfilment Protective?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Samson Femi Agberotimi ◽  
Rachel B. Asagba
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
University Students ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAlcohol use among students in tertiary institutions has long been established as a major public health concern. Also, previous research has shown that individuals with depression are particularly susceptible to alcohol use. There is, however, a paucity of empirical studies focusing on whether this relation is moderated by gender or buffered by a sense of inner meaning fulfilment. We assessed the moderating roles of gender and inner meaning fulfilment in the relationship between depression and alcohol use among university students in Nigeria. A correlational survey design was utilized. Data were collected from 1,173 students (57% male) aged between 16 and 36 years selected across six Nigerian universities. Data were subjected to SPSS v.23 for statistical analysis. Our findings show that depression, gender, inner meaning fulfilment significantly correlated with alcohol use. The effect of depression on alcohol was positive and significant (b=.439, se=.049, p=.000). Inner meaning fulfilment significantly moderated the relationship between depression and alcohol use (b=-.163, se=.034, p=.000). Depression was established as a significant risk factor for alcohol use, regardless of gender, and inner meaning fulfilment may buffer this association. Implications and recommendations are discussed.

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