Physical and rheological investigation of vegetable oils and their effect as lubricants in mechanical components

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (59-60) ◽  
pp. 3291-3297
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ortega-Álvarez ◽  
Guillermo E. Aguilar-Cortés ◽  
María T. Hernández-Sierra ◽  
Luis D. Aguilera-Camacho ◽  
J. S. García-Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Lubrication Regime ◽  
Mechanical Component ◽  
Mechanical Components ◽  
Mixed Lubrication Regime ◽  
Pin On Disk

ABSTRACTThe aim of this investigation was to study castor, canola, and sesame vegetable oils in order to evaluate their potential use as lubricants in steel mechanical components. For this purpose, densities of each oil were evaluated using the pycnometer method, as well as their dynamic viscosities through a Brookfield DV-II rotational viscometer. Both properties were evaluated at temperatures of 25, 40 and 100 °C. Additionally, viscosity indexes were determined according to ASTM D 2270. These rheological properties were used to estimate the lubrication regime considering parameters of real contact conditions in mechanical components. Friction and wear analyses were carried out to investigate the behaviour of the vegetable oil as lubricants. Such tests were carried out at room temperature on a CSM tribometer with pin-on-disk configuration by using castor, canola and sesame oils as lubricants. AISI 4140 hardened steel against AISI 100Cr6 steel pin was used as a mechanical component. From the rheological study, it was observed that canola and sesame oils behave as dilatant fluids at the evaluated temperatures, while castor oil behaves like a Newtonian fluid at 25 and 40 °C. Castor oil showed the highest density value among oils studied, but it also exhibited the lowest value of viscosity index (271). Contrarily, sesame oil was the least dense, but it exhibited the highest viscosity index (545). On the other hand, the lubrication regime study showed that by using castor oil as a lubricant in the mechanical component (4140/100Cr6), the system worked in a mixed lubrication regime while by using canola and sesame oils the system operated in boundary lubrication conditions. Finally, the kinetic friction coefficients were different for each lubricant obtaining the lowest value with castor oil while the highest value of friction coefficient was exhibited by the sesame oil lubricant.

scholarly journals Evaluation of thermo-oxidized Jatropha bio-oil in lubrication of actual wet clutch materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 135065012098146
Author(s):  
Leonardo I Farfan-Cabrera ◽  
Ezequiel A Gallardo-Hernández ◽  
José Pérez-González ◽  
Benjamín M Marín-Santibáñez ◽  
Roger Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Lubrication Regime ◽  
Viscosity Increase ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Wet Clutch ◽  
Transmission Fluid ◽  
Pin On Disk

In this work, an assessment of the performance of thermo-oxidated Jatropha oil as a lubricant for actual wet clutch materials was performed and compared with a commercial automatic transmission fluid. For this, Jatropha oil, a commercial automatic transmission fluid and a blend of 20 vol% Jatropha oil–80 vol% automatic transmission fluid were subjected to thermo-oxidative aging at 26 °C and 100 °C, followed by a pin-on-disk testing with disk samples from an actual wet clutch. Evaluation of the film thickness at the sliding interface resulted in a boundary lubrication regime for all the tests. The changes in oxidation, viscosity, and a viscosity index of the samples were evaluated along with friction coefficients at various sliding speeds. Jatropha oil was the most sensitive to thermo-oxidation. Jatropha oil and the blend showed a higher viscosity increase than automatic transmission fluid with thermo-oxidation, while the viscosity index of all oils was decreased considerably, Jatropha oil and the blend being the most reduced. Finally, the anti-shudder property, as measured by the change in the friction coefficient with a sliding speed, of Jatropha oil and automatic transmission fluid was improved by thermo-oxidation at 26 °C but worsened at 100 °C, meanwhile it was barely affected in the blend. Therefore, these results indicate that using pure Jatropha oil as automatic transmission fluid would be unsuitable, but blending it with automatic transmission fluids in specific proportions may be apposite for improving the friction properties of wet clutches even under thermo-oxidative conditions.

The effects of DLC-coated journal on improving seizure limit and reducing friction under engine oil lubrication

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110129
Author(s):  
Hidemi Ogihara ◽  
Takumi Iwata ◽  
Yuji Mihara ◽  
Makoto Kano
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Main Bearing ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
Lubrication Regime ◽  
Mixed Lubrication Regime ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Internal combustion engines have been improved markedly in recent years through efforts to conserve resources, reduce emissions and improve fuel efficiency. In this regard, the authors have been working to reduce friction and improve the seizure properties of the crankshaft main journal and main bearing. These mechanical components of internal combustion engines incur large friction losses. In order to reduce friction, journals have been coated with a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating, which has been reported to reduce friction in the fluid lubrication regime in recent years. Another current issue of journals and bearings is the need to improve seizure resistance. Therefore, these properties were evaluated for material combinations of aluminium alloy bearings and DLC-coated journals, which have low affinity. The results revealed that friction was reduced under a fluid lubrication regime and seizure resistance was improved under a mixed lubrication regime.

scholarly journals Modelling tribochemistry in the mixed lubrication regime

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Azam ◽  
Ali Ghanbarzadeh ◽  
Anne Neville ◽  
Ardian Morina ◽  
Mark C.T. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Lubrication ◽  
Lubrication Regime ◽  
Mixed Lubrication Regime

Use of Polymers in Viscosity Index Modification of Mineral Oils and Pour Point Depression of Vegetable Oils

2017 ◽  
pp. 61-89
Author(s):  
Dogan Grunberg ◽  
Mert Arca ◽  
Dan Vargo ◽  
Sevim Z. Erhan ◽  
Brajendra K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Mineral Oils

scholarly journals Production of biodiesel from babassu oil using methanol-ethanol blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Fernando Carvalho Silva ◽  
Kiany Sirley Brandão Cavalcante ◽  
Hilton Costa Louzeiro ◽  
Katia Regina Marques Moura ◽  
Adeilton Pereira Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
A Value ◽  
Oil Plant ◽  
Ethanol Blends

Maranhão state in Brazil presents a big potential for the cultivation of several oleaginous species, such as babassu, soybean, castor oil plant, etc... These vegetable oils can be transformed into biodiesel by the transesterification reaction in an alkaline medium, using methanol or ethanol. The biodiesel production from a blend of these alcohols is a way of adding the technical and economical advantages of methanol to the environmental advantages of ethanol. The optimized alcohol blend was observed to be a methanol/ethanol volume ratio of 80 % MeOH: 20 % EtOH. The ester content was of 98.70 %, a value higher than the target of the ANP, 96.5 % (m/m), and the biodiesel mass yield was of 95.32 %. This biodiesel fulfills the specifications of moisture, specific gravity, kinematic viscosity and percentages of free alcohols (methanol plus ethanol) and free glycerin.

Lubrication efficiency of crankpin bearing using square-cylindrical textures of partial textures optimized by genetic algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoyong Xu ◽  
Vanliem Nguyen ◽  
Xiaoyan Guo ◽  
Huan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Mixed Lubrication ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Machining Time ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Lubrication Regime ◽  
Mixed Lubrication Regime ◽  
Geometrical Dimensions

Purpose This paper aims to propose an optimal design of the partial textures in the mixed lubrication regime of the crankpin bearing (CB) to maximize the CB's lubrication efficiency. Design/methodology/approach Based on a hybrid model between the slider-crank-mechanism dynamic and CB lubrication, the square-cylindrical textures (SCT) of partial textures designed on the CB’s mixed lubrication regime are researched. The effect of the density distributions of partial textures on CB’s lubrication efficiency is then evaluated via two indices of increasing the oil film pressure (p) and decreasing the frictional force (Ff) of the CB. The SCT’s geometrical dimensions are then optimized by the genetic algorithm to further improve the CB’s lubrication efficiency. Findings The results show that the SCT of partial textures optimized by the genetic algorithm has an obvious effect on enhancing CB’s lubrication efficiency. Especially, with the CB using the optimal SCT of partial textures (4 × 6), the maximum p is significantly increased by 3.7% and 8.2%, concurrently, the maximum Ff is evidently reduced by 9.5% and 21.6% in comparison with the SCT of partial textures (4 × 6) without optimization and the SCT of full textures (12 × 6) designed throughout the CB’s bearing surface, respectively. Originality/value The application of the optimal SCT of partial textures on the bearing surface not only is simple for the design-manufacturing process and maximizes CB’s lubrication efficiency but also can reduce the machining time, save cost and ensure the durability of the bearing compared to use the full textures designed throughout the CB’s bearing surface.

A Theory of Mixed Lubrication

1972 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Mixed Lubrication ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Lubrication Regime ◽  
Lubricated Contact ◽  
Mixed Lubrication Regime ◽  
Lubrication Conditions ◽  
Lubrication Properties

The phenomena observed when a lubricated contact or bearing is operating under mixed lubrication conditions are assumed to arise from an interaction of the surface asperities or roughness as well as from hydro-dynamic action of the sliding surfaces. It is shown how one of the previously published stochastic models of hydrodynamic lubrication can be extended or generalized to deal with mixed lubricating conditions. As an illustration of the application of the theory to a concrete example the influence on the operating characteristics of a plane pad, no side-leakage bearing is analysed. It is found that in the mixed lubrication regime friction is mainly controlled by the boundary lubrication properties of the liquid–solid interface. Load, on the other hand, is almost entirely controlled by the hydro-dynamic properties of the bearing. It is demonstrated how transition to mixed lubrication conditions will cause a rapid rise in friction thereby producing a minimum point in the Stribeck type diagram.

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