Carbon Nanofiber-Network Sensor Films for Strain Measurement in Composites

2008 ◽  
Vol 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Q Nguyen ◽  
Sangyoon Lee ◽  
Nikhil Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Sensor Film ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Efficient Alternative

AbstractA carbon nanofiber-based sensor film is designed and calibrated for force measurement. The sensor is designed for use in structural health monitoring of composite materials. The sensing scheme is based on creating a network of carbon nanofibers on the surface of the composite material. In the experimental scheme a patch of nanofiber reinforced epoxy resin film is developed and adhesively bonded to the laminate. The extension of the sensor film due to the applied force leads to a change in the connectivity of carbon nanofibers in the film, resulting in the change in the resistance of the network. Results show that such sensing schemes have high sensitivity and repeatability. Use of nanofibers can provide a low cost and more efficient alternative to other sensor films that rely on carbon nanotubes.

scholarly journals A flexible and highly sensitive pressure sensor based on three-dimensional electrospun carbon nanofibers

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 13898-13905
Author(s):  
Chuan Cai ◽  
He Gong ◽  
Weiping Li ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Qiushi Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sensitive Pressure

A three-dimensional electrospun carbon nanofiber network was used to measure press strains with high sensitivity.

scholarly journals Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers from Biomass and Biomass Blends—Current Trends

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1071
Author(s):  
Imane Moulefera ◽  
Marah Trabelsi ◽  
Al Mamun ◽  
Lilia Sabantina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
Research Gap

In recent years, ecological issues have led to the search for new green materials from biomass as precursors for producing carbon materials (CNFs). Such green materials are more attractive than traditional petroleum-based materials, which are environmentally harmful and non-biodegradable. Biomass could be ideal precursors for nanofibers since they stem from renewable sources and are low-cost. Recently, many authors have focused intensively on nanofibers’ production from biomass using microwave-assisted pyrolysis, hydrothermal treatment, ultrasonication method, but only a few on electrospinning methods. Moreover, still few studies deal with the production of electrospun carbon nanofibers from biomass. This review focuses on the new developments and trends of electrospun carbon nanofibers from biomass and aims to fill this research gap. The review is focusing on recollecting the most recent investigations about the preparation of carbon nanofiber from biomass and biopolymers as precursors using electrospinning as the manufacturing method, and the most important applications, such as energy storage that include fuel cells, electrochemical batteries and supercapacitors, as well as wastewater treatment, CO2 capture, and medicine.

scholarly journals Carbon nanofiber modified with osmium based redox polymer for glucose sensing

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Mugweru ◽  
Reaz Mahmud ◽  
Kartik Ghosh ◽  
Adam Wanekaya
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Redox Polymer ◽  
Glucose Determination ◽  
Km Value ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme

Electrochemical detection of glucose was performed on carbon nanofibers containing an osmium based redox polymer and using glucose oxidase enzyme. Redox polymer assembled on the nanofibers provided a more stable support that preserved enzyme activity and promoted the electrical communication to the glassy carbon electrode. The morphologies, structures, and electrochemical behavior of the redox polymer modified nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer and voltammetry. The glucose oxidase showed excellent communication with redox polymer as observed with the increased activity toward glucose. Both cyclic voltammetry and amperometry showed a linear response with glucose concentration.  The linear range for glucose determination was from 1 to 12 mM with a relatively high sensitivity of 0.20±0.01 μA mM−1 for glucose oxidase in carbon nanofibers and 0.10±0.01 μA mM−1 without carbon nanofibers. The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) for glucose oxidase with carbon nanofibers was 0.99 mM. On the other hand, the Km value for the glucose oxidase without the nanofibers was 4.90 mM.

scholarly journals Polycarbonate mPOF-Based Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Temperature and Strain Measurement

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6643
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Yue ◽  
Haijin Chen ◽  
Hang Qu ◽  
Rui Min ◽  
Getinet Woyessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Polymer Optical Fiber ◽  
Increasing Temperature

In this paper, an endlessly single mode microstructured polymer optical fiber (mPOF) in a Mach–Zehnder (M–Z) interferometer configuration is demonstrated for temperature and strain measurement. Because there is no commercial splicer applied for POF-silica optical fiber (SOF) connectorization, prior to the M–Z interferometric sensing, we introduce an imaging projecting method to align a polycarbonate mPOF to a SOF and then the splice is cured permanently using ultraviolet (UV) glue. A He-Ne laser beam at 632.8 nm coupled in a SOF is divided by a 1 × 2 fiber coupler to propagate in two fiber arms. A piece of mPOF is inserted in one arm for sensing implementation and the interference fringes are monitored by a camera. For non-annealed fiber, the temperature sensitivity is found to be 25.5 fringes/°C for increasing temperature and 20.6 fringes/°C for decreasing temperature. The converted sensitivity per unit length is 135.6 fringes/°C/m for increasing temperature, which is twice as much as the silica fiber, or 852.2 rad/°C/m (optical phase change versus fiber temperature), which is more than four times as much as that for the PMMA fiber. To solve the sensitivity disagreement, the fiber was annealed at 125 °C for 36 h. Just after the thermal treatment, the temperature measurement was conducted with sensitivities of 16.8 fringes/°C and 21.3 fringes/°C for increasing and decreasing process, respectively. One month after annealing, the linear response was improved showing a temperature sensitivity of ~20.7 fringes/°C in forward and reverse temperature measurement. For the strain measurement based on non-annealed fiber, the sensitivity was found to be ~1463 fringes/%ε showing repeatable linear response for forward and reverse strain. The fiber axial force sensitivity was calculated to be ~2886 fringes/N, showing a force measurement resolution of ~3.47 × 10−4 N. The sensing methodology adopted in this work shows several advantages, such as very low cost, high sensitivity, a straightforward sensing mechanism, and ease of fabrication.

scholarly journals Stainless Steel Mesh Supported Carbon Nanofibers for Electrode in Bioelectrochemical System

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Fangtai Liu ◽  
Shuiliang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Bioelectrochemical System ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Direct Growth

We proposed a self-connected carbon nanofiber design for electrode in microbial bioelectrochemical system. This design was realized by direct growth of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) onto stainless steel (SSM) via a chemical vapor deposition process without addition of any external catalysts. In the CNFs-SSM composite electrode, the SSM acted as the conductive network and ensured efficient substrate and proton transfer, and the CNFs layer served as highly porous habitats for thick biofilm propagation. The current generated by the CNFs-SSM was 200 times higher than the bare SSM under the same experimental conditions. This provided a simple and promising method for preparation of electrode material with high performance and low-cost in bioelectrochemical system.

Cytocompatibility of Carbon Nanofiber Materials for Neural Applications

2003 ◽  
Vol 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice L. McKenzie ◽  
Michael C. Waid ◽  
Riyi Shi ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Pc 12 Cells ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Poly Carbonate

AbstractSince the cytocompatibility of carbon nanofibers with respect to neural applications remains largely uninvestigated, the objective of the present in vitro study was to determine cytocompatibility properties of formulations containing carbon nanofibers. Carbon fiber substrates were prepared from four different types of carbon fibers, two with nanoscale diameters (nanophase, or less than or equal to 100 nm) and two with conventional diameters (or greater than 200 nm). Within these two categories, both a high and a low surface energy fiber were investigated and tested. Astrocytes (glial scar tissue-forming cells) and pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12; neuronal-like cells) were seeded separately onto the substrates. Results provided the first evidence that astrocytes preferentially adhered on the carbon fiber that had the largest diameter and the lowest surface energy. PC-12 cells exhibited the most neurites on the carbon fiber with nanodimensions and low surface energy. These results may indicate that PC-12 cells prefer nanoscale carbon fibers while astrocytes prefer conventional scale fibers. A composite was formed from poly-carbonate urethane and the 60 nm carbon fiber. Composite substrates were thus formed using different weight percentages of this fiber in the polymer matrix. Increased astrocyte adherence and PC-12 neurite density corresponded to decreasing amounts of the carbon nanofibers in the poly-carbonate urethane matrices. Controlling carbon fiber diameter may be an approach for increasing implant contact with neurons and decreasing scar tissue formation.

Cytocompatibility and Material Properties of Poly-carbonate Urethane/Carbon Nanofiber Composites for Neural Applications

2003 ◽  
Vol 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice L. McKenzie ◽  
Michael C. Waid ◽  
Riyi Shi ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Poly Carbonate

AbstractCarbon nanofibers possess excellent conductivity properties, which may be beneficial in the design of more effective neural prostheses, however, limited evidence on their cytocompatibility properties exists. The objective of the present in vitro study was to determine cytocompatibility and material properties of formulations containing carbon nanofibers to predict the gliotic scar tissue response. Poly-carbonate urethane was combined with carbon nanofibers in varying weight percentages to provide a supportive matrix with beneficial bulk electrical and mechanical properties. The substrates were tested for mechanical properties and conductivity. Astrocytes (glial scar tissue-forming cells) were seeded onto the substrates for adhesion. Results provided the first evidence that astrocytes preferentially adhered to the composite material that contained the lowest weight percentage of carbon nanofibers. Positive interactions with neurons, and, at the same time, limited astrocyte functions leading to decreased gliotic scar tissue formation are essential for increased neuronal implant efficacy.

scholarly journals Integrating high-performing electrochemical transducers in lateral flow assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Perju ◽  
Nongnoot Wongkaew
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Label Free ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Electrochemical Transducers

AbstractLateral flow assays (LFAs) are the best-performing and best-known point-of-care tests worldwide. Over the last decade, they have experienced an increasing interest by researchers towards improving their analytical performance while maintaining their robust assay platform. Commercially, visual and optical detection strategies dominate, but it is especially the research on integrating electrochemical (EC) approaches that may have a chance to significantly improve an LFA’s performance that is needed in order to detect analytes reliably at lower concentrations than currently possible. In fact, EC-LFAs offer advantages in terms of quantitative determination, low-cost, high sensitivity, and even simple, label-free strategies. Here, the various configurations of EC-LFAs published are summarized and critically evaluated. In short, most of them rely on applying conventional transducers, e.g., screen-printed electrode, to ensure reliability of the assay, and additional advances are afforded by the beneficial features of nanomaterials. It is predicted that these will be further implemented in EC-LFAs as high-performance transducers. Considering the low cost of point-of-care devices, it becomes even more important to also identify strategies that efficiently integrate nanomaterials into EC-LFAs in a high-throughput manner while maintaining their favorable analytical performance.

A novel adaptable isometric strength analysis and exercise development system design

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110155
Author(s):  
Murat Fidan ◽  
Alper Bayrak ◽  
Umid Karli
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Strength Measurement ◽  
Development System

In this study, a low-cost and adaptable isometric strength measurement and exercise development system are described. The implemented system consists of mechanical structure, force measurement sensor, electronic circuit, and computer software. Isometric-isotonic (via spring resistance) strength analysis and various exercise programs can be applied with the system. The developed system has a lower cost compared to its counterparts in the literature and has a structure that can be adapted to different machines and measuring methods. The operability and reliability of the isometric strength measurement and exercise development system have been proven by calibration tests.

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