Recycling of Plastic and Rubber Tire Waste in Asphalt Pavements

1994 ◽  
Vol 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey R. Morrison ◽  
Nolan K. Lee ◽  
Simon A.M. Hesp
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
Temperature Fracture

AbstractThis paper discusses some important issues related to the use of recycled thermoplastics and rubber tire waste in asphalt binders for hot-mix pavements. Both high temperature rheological and low temperature fracture studies are presented on recycled polyethylene, devulcanized and crumb rubber-modified asphalt binders. The results are compared to unmodified and commercially available modified binders. This research is especially timely in light of the U.S. Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, Section 1038 which, starting in 1995, will force state and local governments to use significant amounts of recycled rubber tire or plastic waste in federally funded highway projects.High temperature rheological measurements of the loss modulus, loss tangent and complex modulus show a significant improvement when only small quantities of crumb rubber, devulcanized crumb rubber or waste polyethylene are added to the asphalt binders.The low temperature fracture performance of the modified asphalts is greatly influenced by the interfacial strength between the dispersed and continuous phase. The fracture toughness increases dramatically, only when low molecular weight polymers are grafted in-situ onto the rubber and polymer dispersed phases in order to strengthen the interface. This points to a crack-pinning mechanism as being responsible for the dramatic increase in fracture toughness that is observed in this work. Single phase, devulcanized crumb rubber-asphalt systems perform quite poorly at low temperatures.

A Perspective on MoSi2 Based Composites

1992 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Petrovic ◽  
A. K. Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Behavior ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
New Class ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Temperature Fracture

ABSTRACTMoSi2 based composites represent an important new class of “high temperature structural silicides”, with significant potential for elevated temperature structural applications in the range of 1200–1600 °C in oxidizing and aggressive environments. The properties of MoSi2 which make it an attractive matrix for high temperature composites are described and the developmental history of these materials traced. Latest results on elevated temperature creep resistance, low temperature fracture toughness, and composite oxidation behavior are summarized. Important avenues for future MoSi2 based composite development are suggested.

NICLOY 5

Alloy Digest ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Ferritic Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract NICLOY 5 is a low carbon, nickel ferritic steel reecommended for low temperature service. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-96. Producer or source: Babcock & Wilcox Company.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Micro-Mechanism and High- and Low-Temperature Rheological Properties of Disintegrated High Volume Crumb Rubber Asphalt (DHVRA)

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Sen Han ◽  
Xiaokang Fu ◽  
Ke Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Polar Component ◽  
Temperature Performance

The aims of this paper are to prepare disintegrated high volume crumb rubber asphalt (DHVRA) with low viscosity, good workability and low-temperature performance by adding disintegrating agent (DA) in the preparation process, and to further analyze the disintegrating mechanism and evaluated high-temperature and low-temperature rheological properties. To obtain DHVRA with excellent comprehensive performance, the optimum DA dosage was determined. Based on long-term disintegrating tests and the Fluorescence Microscopy (FM) method, the correlations between key indexes and crumb rubber (CR) particle diameter was analyzed, and the evaluation indicator and disintegrating stage division standard were put forward. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) was used to reveal the reaction mechanism, and the contact angle test method was adopted to evaluate the surface free energy (SFE). In addition, the high-temperature and low-temperature rheological properties were measured, and the optimum CR content was proposed. Results indicated that the optimum DA dosage was 7.5‰, and the addition of DA promoted the melt decomposition of CR, reduced the viscosity and improved the storage stability. The 135 °C rotational viscosity (RV) of DHVRA from mixing for 3 h could be reduced to 1.475 Pa·s, and the softening point difference was even less than 2 °C. The linear correlation between 135 °C RV and the diameter of CR particle in rubber asphalt system was as high as 0.968, and the viscosity decay rate (VDR) was used as the standard to divide the disintegrating process into a fast disintegrating stage, stable disintegrating stage and slight disintegrating stage. Compared to common rubber asphalt (CRA), DHVRA has an absorption peak at 960 cm−1 caused by trans olefin = C-H, and higher molecular weight and polar component of surface energy. Compared with CRA, although the high-temperature performance of DHVRA decreases slightly, the low-temperature relaxation ability can be greatly improved.

Improvement of Low Temperature Fracture Toughness of AIST 403 Stainless Steel by Microalloying and Heat Treatment

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gupta, ◽  
S. Wadekar, ◽  
J.S. Dubey, ◽  
R.T. Savalia, ◽  
K.S. Balakrishnan, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Fracture

scholarly journals Laboratory Evaluation of Asphalt Binder Modified with Crumb Rubber and Basalt Fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
You Huang ◽  
Zhaohui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Temperature Property

Asphalt pavement subjected to heavy traffic load and harsh environmental conditions can easily build up damage and shorten the service life. In this paper, different dosages of basalt fiber (BF) were introduced into crumb rubber (CR) modified asphalt binder, and a series of laboratory tests were carried out to evaluate the properties and performances. A dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was employed to evaluate viscosity and rheological properties. Bending beam rheometer (BBR) test and direct tensile test (DTT) were conducted to test the low temperature property. Cone penetration was designed to test shear strength. Results show that the optimum content of BF is 0.3% by the weight of asphalt binder based on the overall performance evaluation. Viscosity, complex modulus, fatigue property, rutting resistance, and shear strength are improved by introducing BF into asphalt binder. Stiffness and elasticity are also increased. BBR indicates that ductility at low temperature is reduced a little by the presence of BF, but DTT shows that both tensile strength and elongation are improved by BF. Considering that DTT is more performance related, DTT is preferred over BBR to evaluate cracking potentials at low temperatures of asphalt binder modified with CR and BF. Finally, it is revealed through microscale scanning that three mechanisms, absorption of asphalt binder, 3-dimensional fiber network, and bridging effects, contribute to the performance improvement of asphalt binder modified with CR and BF.

scholarly journals Experimental Study to Determine the Most Preferred Additive for Improving Asphalt Performance Using Polypropylene, Crumb Rubber, and Tafpack Super in Medium and High-Temperature Range

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Xiaoming ◽  
Ismail Bakheit Eldouma
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Asphalt Modification ◽  
Rotational Viscosity ◽  
Asphalt Performance

The overall objectives of this study were to determine the most appropriate additive for improving the physical properties and the medium- and high-temperature performances (mechanical performance) of asphalt binders. Three different types of modified binders were prepared: crumb rubber modifier (CRM), polypropylene (PP), and tafpack super (TPS), which had concentrations of 2%, 3%, 3.5%, and 4% by weight of asphalt binder, for each modifier. Their physical and rheological properties were evaluated by applying various tests such as ductility, rotational viscosity, toughness, and tenacity, as well as the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test. As a result, the physical properties of the modified bitumen binders were compared, as were the medium- and high-temperature performances (mechanical performance), which had temperatures of 58, 64, 70, 76, 82, and 88 °C, respectively. This was how the most appropriate modifier was determined. The results demonstrated that the asphalt binder properties significantly improved by utilizing CRM followed by PP and TPS modifiers. The increase in the rutting parameter (G*/sin(δ)) after asphalt modification indicated its excellent performance at both medium- and high-temperatures. Lastly, the CRM was determined as the most preferred additive because of its positive effect on the physical properties and enhancement of the medium- and high-temperature performance (mechanical performance).

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