Characterization of Y2SiO5:Ce, YAG:Tb AND YAG:Eu RGB Phosphor Triplet for Field Emission Display Application

1996 ◽  
Vol 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G Chakhovskoi ◽  
M. E Malinowski ◽  
A. A Talin ◽  
T. E Felter ◽  
J. T. Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Low Voltage Operation ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
Electron Beam Excitation

ABSTRACTThe spectral response and outgassing characteristics of the three new, low-voltage phosphors combustion synthesized and electrophoretically deposited for application in field-emission flatpanel displays, are presented. The phosphors, forming a candidate Red-Blue-Green (RGB) triplet are YAG:Eu, YAG:Tb and Y2SiO5:Ce. These cathodoluminescent materials are tested with electron-beam excitation at currents up to 50 x03BC;A within the 200-2000V (eg. "low-voltage") and 3000-8000V (eg. "medium voltage") ranges. The spectral coordinates, as compared with industrially-manufactured P22 phosphors in low voltage operation, are reasonable; however, there is considerable difference in the green coordinates, and the red and green materials show significant satellite intensities. Phosphor outgassing, as a function of time, is measured by a residual gas analyzer at fixed 50 gA beam current in the low-voltage range. We find that after two hours of excitation, levels of outgassed CO, CO2 and H2 stabilize to low values.

scholarly journals High Power Very Low Voltage Electric Motor for Electric Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Matt ◽  
Nadhem Boubaker ◽  
Mourad Aitakkache ◽  
Philippe Enrici ◽  
Jean-Jacques Huselstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Low Voltage Operation ◽  
Voltage Limit ◽  
Very High ◽  
Electrical Supply

Electric vehicles are often designed in the same way as their conventional counterparts based on the internal combustion engine, they are heavy machines for comfort and safety reasons, and increasingly powerful. Under these conditions, in order to simplify the motor electrical supply system by reducing the current levels, the voltage chosen for the battery is very high and can go up to 700 V. However, for many applications where the power is relatively low (< 30 kW per motor), it can be more beneficial to size the system at very low voltage (< 60 V). This approach allows to overcome many constraining safety requirements and also to use off-the-shelf components (motor controllers, connectors, etc.) that are more easily available on the market in this voltage range. There are also many regulatory provisions that may require to stay within this voltage limit. This article presents a variety of very low voltage motorisation solutions with a required power up to 100kW. They use two complementary approaches. The first is to implement an original permanent magnet synchronous machine technology with an optimised armature winding for low voltage operation. The second is based on power splitting where the electrical machine being designed to be driven by multiple controllers. Many examples of low-voltage motorised vehicles (sporty vehicle, tractor, re-motorised automobile, etc.) are illustrated in this article.

Sub-Volt Fully Balanced Differential Difference Amplifier

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Khateb ◽  
Montree Kumngern ◽  
Spyridon Vlassis ◽  
Costas Psychalinos ◽  
Tomasz Kulej
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Floating Gate ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
State Variable ◽  
Low Voltage Operation ◽  
Differential Difference Amplifier ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
State Variable Filter

This paper presents a new CMOS structure for a fully balanced differential difference amplifier (FB-DDA) designed to operate from a sub-volt supply. This structure employs the bulk-driven quasi-floating-gate (BD-QFG) technique to achieve the capability of an ultra-low voltage operation and an extended input voltage range. The proposed BD-QFG FB-DDA is suitable for ultra-low-voltage low-power applications. The circuit is designed with a single supply of 0.5 V and consumes only 357 nW of power. The proposed circuit was simulated in a 0.18-μm TSMC CMOS technology and the simulation results prove its functionality and attractive parameters. An application example of a state variable filter is also presented to confirm the usefulness of the proposed BD-QFG FB-DDA.

Field Emission Characteristic of Silicon Cathodes Coated with GaN Nanoparticles

2001 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hajra ◽  
N.N. Chubun ◽  
A.G. Chakhovskoi ◽  
C.E. Hunt ◽  
K. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Nanocrystalline Diamond ◽  
Emission Characteristic ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Low Voltage Operation ◽  
Field Emission Characteristic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
P Type

AbstractArrays of p-type silicon micro-emitters have been formed using a subtractive tip fabrication technique. Following fabrication, the emitter surface was coated with GaN nanoparticles and nanocrystalline diamond by a dielectrophoresis deposition technique. The emitters were evaluated and compared before and after the surface treatment using I-V measurements in the diode configuration. The phosphor screen, used as the anode, was spaced nominally about 70 µm from the cathode. The field emission characteristics were measured in a high vacuum chamber at a pressure range between 10−5and 10−8Torr. The results suggest that the emitters benefit from coating the surface with nanocrystalline diamond in terms of reduction in the turn on voltage, GaN coating increase the turn on voltage. Both diamond and GaN improved the emission uniformity in the region of the low voltage operation.

Nanoscale field emission structures for ultra-low voltage operation at atmospheric pressure

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (21) ◽  
pp. 3159-3161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. G. Driskill-Smith ◽  
D. G. Hasko ◽  
H. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Low Voltage Operation

scholarly journals Extended SINDICOMP: Characterizing MV Voltage Transformers with Sine Waves

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1715
Author(s):  
Gabriella Crotti ◽  
Giovanni D’Avanzo ◽  
Domenico Giordano ◽  
Palma Sara Letizia ◽  
Mario Luiso
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Harmonic Frequency ◽  
Frequency Sweep ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Sinusoidal Input

The paper presents a method for the frequency characterization of voltage transformers (VTs) for medium voltage (MV) grids which involves only sine waves. It is called extended SINDICOMP, since it is an extended version of the previously developed technique SINDICOMP. It requires, in the first step, an evaluation and a compensation of the non-linearity introduced by the VT when it is supplied with a 50 Hz sinusoidal input at rated value. Then, the VT is characterized with a low voltage sinusoidal frequency sweep from the second harmonic frequency up to the first resonance frequency. Some rules to build the approximated frequency response, starting from these two sets of data, are given in the paper. The proposed approach is applied to three commercial MV VTs. Significant improvement of the VT performance is obtained, compared to the use of a frequency response obtained from the low voltage characterization.

scholarly journals Characterization of Novel 8T SRAM with Low Leakage and Optimized Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Kazi Fatima Sharif ◽  
Satyendra N. Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Conventional Model ◽  
Design Metrics ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Low Voltage Operation ◽  
Noise Margin ◽  
Propagation Delays ◽  
Cell Stability ◽  
Fast Evolution

Abstract The fast evolution of battery functioned devices has caused approaches for decreasing power consumption in the memories is substantial. In this paper, a new proposal of SRAM with 8 transistors (8T) has been designed and also the cell itself is tested for its unique data overwriting and read propagation delays around 13.33% (read ‘1’) and 3.58% (read ‘0’) less compared to a conventional model. As the technology is attenuating, cell stability and increasing noise margin have become two crucial topics for the design metrics of SRAM, where our proposed cell appears with great stability on low voltage operation. Widespread simulation results authenticate the cogency and competency of the proposed 8T SRAM model using Cadence and 45nm predictive technology model (PTM).

Advances in microscopy of polymers: A FESEM and STM study

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 1042-1043
Author(s):  
R.T. Chen ◽  
M.G. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Crystalline Polymer ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Microscopy has played a major role in establishing structure-process-property relationships in the research and development of polymeric materials. With advances in electron microscopy instrumentation (e.g., field emission SEM - FESEM) and the invention of new scanning probe microscopes (e.g., scanning tunneling microscope - STM), resolution of structures or morphologies down to the nanometer scale can be achieved with ease. This paper will focus on the application of FESEM and STM in order to understand the structure of commercial polymeric materials. Characterization of polymers using other microscopy techniques such as TEM, thermal optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) will also be discussed.The polymeric materials evaluated in this study include membranes, liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) fibers, multiphase polymer blends and polymer films or coatings. In order to minimize beam damage and maximize contrast for surface detail in beam sensitive polymers, low voltage SEM (LVSEM) was performed on a JEOL 840F field emission SEM.

Low-voltage high-resolution SEM investigations of novel macromolecular liquid crystals

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
W.W. Adams ◽  
D.L. Vezie ◽  
E.L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Conducting Layer ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Low Voltage Operation

The ability to visualize detailed 3-dimensional surface topology with SEM at low voltage and high resolution holds profound promise for analyzing liquid crystal textures, both in polymers and other macromolecular forms. Director textures, domain boundaries, and defects such as inversion walls, disclinations and dislocations can now be easily visualized with this technique. Studies concerning the effects of shear flow and magnetic fields on these defects are currently under way.Resolution of 4.0 nm at 1.0 keV is now possible with commercial SEM's, which incorporate the latest advances in lens design optimized for low voltage operation, and use high brightness, low energy spread field emission electron guns. The low energy spread of the field emission gun reduces chromatic aberration effects and facilitates successful operation at low keV. Low voltage operation provides dramatically improved image contrast due to the smaller beam/sample interaction volume and also greatly reduces sample charging artifacts. By operating at near crossover conditions, the need for coating nonconducting specimens with a conducting layer of metal or carbon is greatly reduced or eliminated.

Characterization of Liquid-Crystal Materials for Low-Voltage Operation TFT-TN and IPS LCDs concerning Ions contained

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nakazono ◽  
T. Takagi ◽  
H. Ichinose ◽  
A. Sawada ◽  
S. Naemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Low Voltage Operation ◽  
Liquid Crystal Materials
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