Biomolecular Surface Engineering of Materials for Controlling Bone Cell Adhesion and Spreading

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-530-99 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 530 ◽

Author(s):

A. Rezania ◽

K. E. Healy

Keyword(s):

Cell Adhesion ◽

Spectroscopic Ellipsometry ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Surface Engineering ◽

Bone Cells ◽

Bone Cell ◽

Focal Contact ◽

Biomaterial Surfaces ◽

Cell Incubation ◽

Strength Of Adhesion

AbstractModel biomaterial surfaces were modified with a peptide that contained a -RGD- (Arg-GlyAsp) sequence, unique to bone sialoprotein, to determine its effect on strength of adhesion, spreading, and focal contact formation of primary bone-derived cells. Peptide surfaces were fabricated by using a heterobifunctional crosslinker to graft the peptide to surfaces (quartz and silicon). Contact angle measurements, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to confirm the chemistry and thickness of the overlayers. Furthermore, spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to estimate the density of immobilized peptide on metal oxide surfaces. A radial flow apparatus was used to measure the strength of adhesion on peptide grafted surfaces. Following 20 min of cell incubation, the strength of cell adhesion was significantly (p<0.05) higher on the -RGD- compared to -RGE- (control) surfaces. The mean area of cells contacting the -RGD- surface was significantly (p<0.05) higher than -RGE- surfaces. Vinculin staining revealed formation of focal contact patches on the periphery of bone cells incubated for 4 hr on the -RGD- surfaces; however, cells seeded on the -RGE- grafted surfaces formed little or no focal contacts. The methods of peptide immobilization utilized in this study can be applied to medical devices, biosensors, and diagnostic assays that require specificity in cell adhesion.

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Laser Ablated Periodic Nanostructures on Titanium and Steel Implants Influence Adhesion and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13163526 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 3526

Author(s):

Kai Oliver Böker ◽

Frederick Kleinwort ◽

Jan-Hendrick Klein-Wiele ◽

Peter Simon ◽

Katharina Jäckle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Adhesion ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Bone Cells ◽

Healing Process ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Bone Cell ◽

Single Step ◽

Laser Source ◽

Complication Rates ◽

Periodic Nanostructures

Metal implants used in trauma surgeries are sometimes difficult to remove after the completion of the healing process due to the strong integration with the bone tissue. Periodic surface micro- and nanostructures can directly influence cell adhesion and differentiation on metallic implant materials. However, the fabrication of such structures with classical lithographic methods is too slow and cost-intensive to be of practical relevance. Therefore, we used laser beam interference ablation structuring to systematically generate periodic nanostructures on titanium and steel plates. The newly developed laser process uses a special grating interferometer in combination with an industrial laser scanner and ultrashort pulse laser source, allowing for fast, precise, and cost-effective modification of metal surfaces in a single step process. A total of 30 different periodic topologies reaching from linear over crossed to complex crossed nanostructures with varying depths were generated on steel and titanium plates and tested in bone cell culture. Reduced cell adhesion was found for four different structure types, while cell morphology was influenced by two different structures. Furthermore, we observed impaired osteogenic differentiation for three structures, indicating reduced bone formation around the implant. This efficient way of surface structuring in combination with new insights about its influence on bone cells could lead to newly designed implant surfaces for trauma surgeries with reduced adhesion, resulting in faster removal times, reduced operation times, and reduced complication rates.

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The Development of Molecular Biology of Osteoporosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22158182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (15) ◽

pp. 8182

Author(s):

Yongguang Gao ◽

Suryaji Patil ◽

Jingxian Jia

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Molecular Biology ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Remodeling ◽

Bone Cells ◽

Cell Activity ◽

Bone Cell ◽

Bone Disorders ◽

Molecular Aspects

Osteoporosis is one of the major bone disorders that affects both women and men, and causes bone deterioration and bone strength. Bone remodeling maintains bone mass and mineral homeostasis through the balanced action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone formation and bone resorption, respectively. The imbalance in bone remodeling is known to be the main cause of osteoporosis. The imbalance can be the result of the action of various molecules produced by one bone cell that acts on other bone cells and influence cell activity. The understanding of the effect of these molecules on bone can help identify new targets and therapeutics to prevent and treat bone disorders. In this article, we have focused on molecules that are produced by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts and their mechanism of action on these cells. We have also summarized the different pharmacological osteoporosis treatments that target different molecular aspects of these bone cells to minimize osteoporosis.

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Histatin‐1 is a novel osteogenic factor that promotes bone cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation

Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine ◽

10.1002/term.3177 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pedro Torres ◽

Nadia Hernández ◽

Carlos Mateluna ◽

Patricio Silva ◽

Montserrat Reyes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Adhesion ◽

Bone Cell ◽

Osteogenic Factor

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Heat Generation in Bone Cutting-Implications for Thermal Necrosis

10.1115/imece2001/htd-24430 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Debra Chenet Millon ◽

Darren L. Hitt ◽

Stephan J. LaPointe

Keyword(s):

Bone Cells ◽

Heat Exposure ◽

Fibrous Tissue ◽

Metatarsal Head ◽

Bone Cell ◽

Frictional Heat ◽

Fat Cell ◽

Critical Temperatures ◽

Cell Degeneration ◽

Prolonged Heat

Abstract A bunion is a common foot disorder caused by an abnormal outward projection of the joint and inward turning of the toe. Surgery to correct the malformation involves cutting the first metatarsal head, repositioning and setting it; the bone is then left to heal itself over time. A potentially serious by-product of the bone cutting is the frictional heat generated. While the heat susceptibility of individual bone cells varies throughout bone and is difficult to quantify, studies have shown that when injured, bone may not always heal as bone but rather as a fibrous tissue of varying degrees of differentiation. Prolonged heat exposure at or above critical temperatures may also lead to fat and bone cell resorption, a subsequent fat cell degeneration of the tissue, local swelling of cells as well as denaturation of the enzymatic and membrane proteins (Eriksson & Albrektsson, 1983, Li et al, 1999).

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Morphological studies of bone and tendon

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1992.73.2.s10 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. S10-S13 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

S. B. Doty ◽

E. R. Morey-Holton ◽

G. N. Durnova ◽

A. S. Kaplansky

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Bone Cells ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Cell Activity ◽

Bone Cell ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Metatarsal Bones

The Soviet biosatellite COSMOS 2044 carried adult rats on a spaceflight that lasted 13.8 days and was intended to repeat animal studies carried out on COSMOS 1887. Skeletal tissue and tendon from animals flown on COSMOS 2044 were studied by light and electron microscopy, histochemistry, and morphometric techniques. Studies were confined to the bone cells and vasculature from the weight-bearing tibias. Results indicated that vascular changes at the periosteal and subperiosteal region of the tibia were not apparent by light microscopy or histochemistry. However, electron microscopy indicated that vascular inclusions were present in bone samples from the flight animals. A unique combination of microscopy and histochemical techniques indicated that the endosteal osteoblasts from this same mid-diaphyseal region demonstrated a slight (but not statistically significant) reduction in bone cell activity. Electron-microscopic studies of the tendons from metatarsal bones showed a collagen fibril disorganization as a result of spaceflight. Thus changes described for COSMOS 1887 were present in COSMOS 2044, but the changes ascribed to spaceflight were not as evident.

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Minireview: Transcriptional Regulation in Development of Bone

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2004-1343 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 146 (3) ◽

pp. 1012-1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

Tatsuya Kobayashi ◽

Henry Kronenberg

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Transcriptional Regulation ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Bone Cells ◽

Genetic Manipulation ◽

Bone Development ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Bone Cell ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Multiple Differentiation

Regulation of gene expression by transcription factors is one of the major mechanisms for controlling cellular functions. Recent advances in genetic manipulation of model animals has allowed the study of the roles of various genes and their products in physiological settings and has demonstrated the importance of specific transcription factors in bone development. Three lineages of bone cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, develop and differentiate according to their distinct developmental programs. These cells go through multiple differentiation stages, which are often regulated by specific transcription factors. In this minireview, we will discuss selected transcription factors that have been demonstrated to critically affect bone cell development. Further study of these molecules will lead to deeper understanding in mechanisms that govern development of bone.

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Cell–cell adhesion interface: orthogonal and parallel forces from contraction, protrusion, and retraction

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.15860.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1544 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vivian W. Tang

Keyword(s):

Cell Adhesion ◽

Epithelial Cell ◽

Mechanical Force ◽

Cell Behavior ◽

Cellular Forces ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cell Interface ◽

Lateral Cell ◽

Strength Of Adhesion ◽

Cell Cell

The epithelial lateral membrane plays a central role in the integration of intercellular signals and, by doing so, is a principal determinant in the emerging properties of epithelial tissues. Mechanical force, when applied to the lateral cell–cell interface, can modulate the strength of adhesion and influence intercellular dynamics. Yet the relationship between mechanical force and epithelial cell behavior is complex and not completely understood. This commentary aims to provide an investigative look at the usage of cellular forces at the epithelial cell–cell adhesion interface.

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Plasma Surface Engineering to Biofunctionalise Polymers for β-Cell Adhesion

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11091085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1085

Author(s):

Clara Tran ◽

Nicole Hallahan ◽

Elena Kosobrodova ◽

Jason Tong ◽

Peter Thorn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Adhesion ◽

Surface Engineering ◽

Covalent Attachment ◽

Great Promise ◽

Β Cells ◽

Β Cell ◽

Surface Characterisation ◽

Water Contact ◽

Ecm Proteins ◽

Aromatic Polymers

Implant devices containing insulin-secreting β-cells hold great promise for the treatment of diabetes. Using in vitro cell culture, long-term function and viability are enhanced when β-cells are cultured with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Here, our goal is to engineer a favorable environment within implant devices, where ECM proteins are stably immobilized on polymer scaffolds, to better support β-cell adhesion. Four different polymer candidates (low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), polyethersulfone (PES) and polysulfone (PSU)) were treated using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) to enable the covalent attachment of laminin on their surfaces. Surface characterisation analysis shows the increased hydrophilicity, polar groups and radical density on all polymers after the treatment. Among the four polymers, PIII-treated LDPE has the highest water contact angle and the lowest radical density which correlate well with the non-significant protein binding improvement observed after 2 months of storage. The study found that the radical density created by PIII treatment of aromatic polymers was higher than that created by the treatment of aliphatic polymers. The higher radical density significantly improves laminin attachment to aromatic polymers, making them better substrates for β-cell adhesion.

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Protocol of Co-Culture of Human Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts to Test Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering

Methods and Protocols ◽

10.3390/mps5010008 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Giorgia Borciani ◽

Giorgia Montalbano ◽

Nicola Baldini ◽

Chiara Vitale-Brovarone ◽

Gabriela Ciapetti

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Bone Cells ◽

Bone Cell ◽

Seeding Density ◽

Bone Homeostasis ◽

Bone Microenvironment

New biomaterials and scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications require to be tested in a bone microenvironment reliable model. On this assumption, the in vitro laboratory protocols with bone cells represent worthy experimental systems improving our knowledge about bone homeostasis, reducing the costs of experimentation. To this day, several models of the bone microenvironment are reported in the literature, but few delineate a protocol for testing new biomaterials using bone cells. Herein we propose a clear protocol to set up an indirect co-culture system of human-derived osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors, providing well-defined criteria such as the cell seeding density, cell:cell ratio, the culture medium, and the proofs of differentiation. The material to be tested may be easily introduced in the system and the cell response analyzed. The physical separation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts allows distinguishing the effects of the material onto the two cell types and to evaluate the correlation between material and cell behavior, cell morphology, and adhesion. The whole protocol requires about 4 to 6 weeks with an intermediate level of expertise. The system is an in vitro model of the bone remodeling system useful in testing innovative materials for bone regeneration, and potentially exploitable in different application fields. The use of human primary cells represents a close replica of the bone cell cooperation in vivo and may be employed as a feasible system to test materials and scaffolds for bone substitution and regeneration.

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