Kinetics of Linear Defect Formation in Gallia-Doped Rutile.

2004 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Empie ◽  
Doreen Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Defect Formation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Rutile Structure ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Linear Defects ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTThe diffusion of Ga2O3 into the surface of single crystal[001] rutile leads to the insertion of β-gallia subunits along {210} planes of the parent rutile structure. These linear defects introduce hexagonally shaped tunnels, approximately 2.5 å in diameter, normal to the]001] surface. Because these tunnels may serve as highly reactive sites for the attachment of macromolecules, we are exploring the application of these linear defects for creating nanostructures. The current work investigates the kinetics of defect formation and the factors that affect defect periodicity and orientation. Gallium oxide was applied to the surfaces of [001]-oriented TiO2 single-crystal substrates via a sol-gel spin-coating process using a gallium-containing precursor. Thermal treatments were systematically varied to obtain different defect surface structures. Defect orientation and the surface concentration of rows of defects were characterized via tapping mode atomic force microscopy.

scholarly journals Interface Structures and Electronic States of Epitaxial Tetraazanaphthacene on Single-Crystal Pentacene

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Yuki Gunjo ◽  
Hajime Kamebuchi ◽  
Ryohei Tsuruta ◽  
Masaki Iwashita ◽  
Kana Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Interface Dipole ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Interfacial Structures ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Interface Structures

The structural and electronic properties of interfaces composed of donor and acceptor molecules play important roles in the development of organic opto-electronic devices. Epitaxial growth of organic semiconductor molecules offers a possibility to control the interfacial structures and to explore precise properties at the intermolecular contacts. 5,6,11,12-tetraazanaphthacene (TANC) is an acceptor molecule with a molecular structure similar to that of pentacene, a representative donor material, and thus, good compatibility with pentacene is expected. In this study, the physicochemical properties of the molecular interface between TANC and pentacene single crystal (PnSC) substrates were analyzed by atomic force microscopy, grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), and photoelectron spectroscopy. GIXD revealed that TANC molecules assemble into epitaxial overlayers of the (010) oriented crystallites by aligning an axis where the side edges of the molecules face each other along the [1¯10] direction of the PnSC. No apparent interface dipole was found, and the energy level offset between the highest occupied molecular orbitals of TANC and the PnSC was determined to be 1.75 eV, which led to a charge transfer gap width of 0.7 eV at the interface.

Operando atomic force microscopy study of electric double-layer transistors based on ionic liquid/rubrene single crystal interfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (24) ◽  
pp. 243301
Author(s):  
Yusuke Morino ◽  
Yasuyuki Yokota ◽  
Ken-ichi Bando ◽  
Hisaya Hara ◽  
Akihito Imanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electric Double Layer ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy Study ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Crystal Interfaces

Sol-Gel Derived Titaniajormosil Composite Thin Films For Optical Waveguide Applications

1999 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiu Que ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
Y. L. Lam ◽  
Y. C. Chan ◽  
S. D. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Titanium Content ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Free Film ◽  
Free Silica ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Bonding Properties ◽  
Single Layer Film

ABSTRACTWe report the preparation of sol-gel waveguide films based on a newly developed recipe to incorporate organic molecules into the inorganic sol-gel glass matrix. The film was derived from a sol that has a higher titanium content in an organically modified silane (ORMOSIL), namely, ÿ-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. We have shown that using spin-coating and low temperature baking, a single coating layer can have a thickness of more than 1.5 μm. When such a single layer film is deposited on a microscope glass slide or a piece of silicon with a buffercladding layer, it is able to support the guiding of optical waves. We have characterized the film using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, thermal gravimetric analysis. differential thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and have studied the properties of the waveguide film, including the microstructural properties. the chemical bonding properties, and the optical properties. Based on these experimental results, we found that a heat-treatment at a temperature slightly below 200°C is necessary to attain a dense pore-free film. It has also been noted that a purely inorganic and crack-free silica-titania film can be obtained after baking the titania-ORMOSIL composite film at 500°C or higher.

Infrared Characterization of PMMA-SiO2 Hybrid Glasses Obtained by Sol-Gel Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Díaz-Flores ◽  
A. S. López Rodríguez ◽  
P. SifuentesGallardo ◽  
M.A. Hernàndez Rivera ◽  
M.a Garnica Romo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hybrid Coatings ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Traditional Process ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractThis work is about the production of hybrid coatings of the system SiO2-PMMA (PMMA, polymethylmethacrylate). These materials have interesting mechanical and chemical properties useful for anticorrosive and wear resistance applications. SiO2-PMMA hybrids were obtained by the sol-gel traditional process, using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and methylmethacrylate (MMA) by Aldrich Co, as starting reagents. The SiO2:PMMA ratio was varied from 0:1 to about 1:1 at air atmosphere deposition. The coatings were obtained on acrylic sheets and silicon wafers. A diversity of coatings with chemical composition ranging from SiO2 and PMMA to obtain the SiO2-PMMA hybrids were obtained. Infrared (IR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were performed to determinate structural and morphological behavior.

scholarly journals Preparation of TiO2 nanorods by Sol–Gel template method and measured its photo- catalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Ban M. Al-Shabander
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tio2 Nanorods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Photo Catalytic Activity ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Degradation Of Methyl Orange ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanorods

Titanium dioxide nanorods have been prepared by sol-gel templatemethod. The structural and surface morphology of the TiO2 nanorods wasinvestigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy(AFM), it was found that the nanorods produced were anatase TiO2 phase.The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 nanorods was evaluated by thephoto degradation of methyl orange (MO). The relatively higherdegradation efficiency for MO (D%=78.2) was obtained after 6h of exposedto UV irradiation.

2 MeV PROTON IRRADIATION EFFECTS ON ZnO SINGLE CRYSTAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450012 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. SECHOGELA ◽  
L. KOTSEDI ◽  
M. NKOSI ◽  
C. SANDT ◽  
R. MADJOE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Proton Irradiation ◽  
Proton Bombardment ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Zno Crystal ◽  
Zno Single Crystal

Melt grown ZnO single crystal was irradiated with varying fluence of 2 MeV proton beam in the range of 1 × 1016 H +/cm2 to 5 × 1017 H +/cm2. The irradiated spots exhibited varying degree of discoloration due to the irradiation indicating surface and volume defects. The surface roughness of the irradiated spots was measured using atomic force microscopy indicating surface modification of the sample. The extent of the damage on the ZnO single crystal from radiation was assessed using Raman spectroscopy. The emergence of the A1( LO ) band at 579 cm-1 pointed to the significant surface alteration in the ZnO crystal due to proton bombardment.

Improved Functional Capabilities of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Tungsten Oxide Nanostructures

2016 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Serge Zhuiykov
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Current Sensing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Afm Analysis

Electrical properties and morphology of orthorhombic β–WO3 nano-flakes with thickness of ~7-9 nm were investigated at the nanoscale using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and current sensing force spectroscopy atomic force microscopy (CSFS-AFM, or PeakForce TUNATM). CSFS-AFM analysis established good correlation between the topography of the developed nanostructures and various features of WO3 nano-flakes synthesized via a two-step sol-gel-exfoliation method. It was determined that β–WO3 nano-flakes annealed at 550°C possess distinguished and exceptional thickness-dependent properties in comparison with the bulk, micro- and nano-structured WO3 synthesized at alternative temperatures.

Structural and Optical Characterization of Synthesized TiO2 Nanopowder Using Sol–Gel Technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 1650002 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lourduraj ◽  
R. Victor Williams
Keyword(s):  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Gel Technique

The nanocrystalline TiO2 powder was synthesized by sol–gel method. The XRD analysis reveals that TiO2 powder was highly crystalline (anatase phase) and nanostructured with tetragonal system. The average crystallite size after calcined at 673[Formula: see text]K is found to be 7.7[Formula: see text]nm. The surface morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibit that the formation of nanosized TiO2 particles with less densification nature. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) topography exhibits the uniform distribution of spherical-shaped particles. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirms the presence of Titanium and Oxygen in synthesized TiO2 nanopowder. The value of optical bandgap of TiO2 nanopowder calculated from UV-Visible spectrum is 3.45[Formula: see text]eV. The presence of TiO2 particles is confirmed from the dominant fourier transform infrared (FTIR) peaks at 621[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] and 412[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text].

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