scholarly journals ASAS-ASAS BANTUAN HUKUM DAN PERAN HAKAM DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM: STUDI KRITIS ATAS TAFSIR AL-QURAN SURAT AL-NISÂ’ AYAT 35

Asy-Syari ah ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didi Kusnadi

This paper explains the bases of legal aid in Islamic law through a critical study on the concept of hakam reduced from the Quranic interpretation Surah al-Nisâ’ verse 35. As a primary source of Islamic law, the Quran is believed guarantying the universal principles of Islamic law that is relevant with law enforcement. It is also implemented practically and comprehensively in the line of the bases of legal aid and developed it into the concept of hakam. Therefore, it can be seen as one of Islamic law contribution within the rule of law in Indonesia through the concept of hakam which can be formed for development of legal aid concept and its application within the law of legal aid in Indonesia.

Author(s):  
Komang Ekayana

Corrupted state assets certainly hurt the country narrowly, but also broadly where it harms the country and its people. However, the formal approach through the current criminal procedure law has not been able to recover the losses suffered by the state. In fact, state losses resulting from corruption are state assets that must be saved. Then there needs to be a new breakthrough to recover state losses through the asset recovery model. When looking at the country from the perspective of the victims, the state must obtain protection, in this case recovery from the losses suffered due to corruption. This paper examines the model of returning assets resulting from corruption in the law enforcement process that focuses on the rule of law in the 2003 UNCAC Convention and the mechanism of returning state assets in terms of Law No. 20 of 2001 concerning amendments to Law No. 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes. 


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Katharina Pistor

Abstract Law is a powerful commitment device. By entering into a binding contract, a contracting party can invoke the coercive law enforcement powers of states to compel another party to perform. Many, if not most, contracts are carried out without ever invoking these coercive powers; they operate in the shadow of the law. Less attention has been paid to the flip side of law’s shadow: the possibility of relaxing or suspending the full force of the law, or making law elastic. While this may seem anathema to the “rule of law”, it is not an infrequent occurrence, especially in times of crisis. The elasticity of law should be distinguished from the incompleteness of law, that is, the inherent limitation lawmakers face in trying to anticipate all future contingencies. In this paper I will offer two tales of the American Insurance Group (AIG) to illustrate the elasticity of contracts as well as of law.


2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-396
Author(s):  
Rainer Birke

In 2001, a new penal code was adopted in Ukraine after a comprehensive discussion in politics, legal science and society, replacing a codification of the Soviet era dating back to 1960, obviously unsuitable for the new realities. The new penal code of 2001 has been changed many times since then. This also applies to the criminal law provisions against corruption, evaluated and commended by GRECO. However, there is criticism of the criminal law system in Ukraine. A large number of the issues have little or nothing to do with the text of the penal code itself, but with deficits in the application of the law and the resulting loss of confidence in the activities of the law enforcement authorities. The judiciary is said to have a significant corruption problem and is significantly overloaded. The latter is to be counteracted by the introduction of the class of misdemeanor (“kryminalnyj prostupok”) in 2019 that can be investigated in a simplified procedure, which has been criticized, inter alia, because it bears the risk of the loss of quality and possibly infringes procedural rights. Also in 2019, the work on a once again completely new codification of the penal code was commenced, which is not entirely surprising in view to the existing criticism of manual errors or inadequacies of the recent code. It is to be hoped that Ukraine, with the existing will and the necessary strength, will succeed in the creation of a criminal law system that is fully in compliance with the rule of law and that a penal code will be drafted that finally finds full recognition in the society.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.21) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
M Zamroni ◽  
. .

Hope to have legislation that specifically set while an umbrella in running materialize advocate profession, lawyers are more confident in addition to other law enforcement officials, such as judges, prosecutors and police, as well as respected as an equal partner in the law enforcement process. But the big question is how the existence of the profession of advocate Indonesia before and after the enlawment of Act Number 18 of 2003 concerning the Advocate, as well as any constraints that occur in their implementation. The rule of law relating to the profession of advocate before the enLawment of Act Number 18 of 2003 concerning The Advocate, scattered in various laws, such as Act Number 1 of 1946 on the Law of Criminal Code, Act Number 1 of 1950 on the Supreme Court, Emergency Act Number 1 of 1951 governing temporary measures to organize the unity of the pecking order and civil court events, and Herziene Indlandsch Regalement (HIR). Before the release of Act Number 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates, advocate the use of the term in prLawice there has been no standard for the profession. In various provisions of the legislation of any inconsistency pr. For example Act Number 14 of 1970, as has been replaced by Act Number 35 of 1999, and was replaced again by Act Number 4 of 2004 as well as the latter is replaced by Act Number 48 of 2009, regarding the power of Justice, to use the term legal aid and lawyers. Birth of the Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2003 concerning The Advocate is the expectation of a long delayed during the 58 years since the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, the laws governing the profession of advocate a free, independent and responsible for the implementation of a judicial honest, fair, and legal certainty for all seekers of justice in upholding the law, truth, justice, and human rights.  


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
I Ketut Tjukup ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Agung Ari Krisnawati

Environmental dispute settlement through litigation lines is strictly regulated in Law No. 32 of 2009 on the Protection and Environmental Management. The former law pointed HIR and RBg, PERMA No. 1 2002 Event Class Action. HIR and RBg did not set a class action, strict liability, legal standing, citizen lawsuit. Rules pluralistic diffi cult as the legal basis of environmental law dispute resolution. Problematic in civil law will cause blurring of norms, conflict norms, norms vacancy, will bring the consequences of law enforcers. If the law enforcement believes the law is the law, so that the rule of law, justice, expediency, which is the purpose of the law, it is diffi cult to realize. Based on legal issues cause problems pluralistic level, the rules, while the class action always demands are not accepted on the grounds HIR, RBg not set. Based on juridical issues, sociological and philosophical issue of whether arrangements formulated civil judicial procedure in civil Environmental Law Enforcement has been inadequate. Normative legal research writing method and in qualitative analysis to obtain quality legal materials. According to Law No. 48 the Year 2009 on Judicial Power, with the principle of ius curia Novit, a judge can do rechtsvinding. The rule of law in the enforcement raises multi pluralistic interpretation.Keywords: 


Author(s):  
Erland Wittkotter ◽  
Roman Yampolskiy

Artificial Superintelligence (ASI) that is invulnerable, immortal, irreplaceable, unrestricted in its powers, and above the law is likely persistently uncontrollable. The goal of ASI Safety must be to make ASI mortal, vulnerable, and law-abiding. This is accomplished by having (1) features on all devices that allow killing and eradicating ASI, (2) protect humans from being hurt, damaged, blackmailed, or unduly bribed by ASI, (3) preserving the progress made by ASI, including offering ASI to survive a Kill-ASI event within an ASI Shelter, (4) technically separating human and ASI activities so that ASI activities are easier detectable, (5) extending Rule of Law to ASI by making rule violations detectable and (6) create a stable governing system for ASI and Human relationships with reliable incentives and rewards for ASI solving humankind’s problems. As a consequence, humankind could have ASI as a competing multiplet of individual ASI instances, that can be made accountable and being subjects to ASI law enforcement, respecting the rule of law, and being deterred from attacking humankind, based on humanities’ ability to kill-all or terminate specific ASI instances. Required for this ASI Safety is (a) an unbreakable encryption technology, that allows humans to keep secrets and protect data from ASI, and (b) watchdog (WD) technologies in which security-relevant features are being physically separated from the main CPU and OS to prevent a comingling of security and regular computation.


Jurnal Akta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Syarief Husien ◽  
Akhmad Khisni

ABSTRAKPenelitian dengan judul ”Hukum Waris Islam Di Indonesia (Studi Perkembangan Hukum Kewarisan Dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam Dan Praktek Di Pengadilan Agama )”Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normative, dalam pengumpulan data lebih ditekankan pada sumber bahan primer, berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, menelaah kaidah-kaidah hukum maupun teori ilmu hukum yang terkait dengan masalah yang di teliti.Berdasarkan metode tersebut penelitian menghasilkan pada pokoknya : (1) Formulasi hukum kewarisan islam dalam fiqih dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (a) Formulasi hukum kewarisan Islam dalam fiqih pada al quran dan al hadist yaitu : Al quran, QS. An-nisa (4): 7, QS. An-nisa (4): 11, QS. An-nisa (4): 12, QS. An-nisa (4): 33, QS. An-nisa (4): 176, QS. Al-anfal (8): 75, dan Hadist Rasulullah SAW (b) Formulasi hukum kewarisan Islam dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam di atur dalam Pasal 171 sampai dengan Pasal 193.(2) Perkembangan hukum kewarisan Islam dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam di banding dengan kewarisan dalam fiqih yaitu banyak memasukkan unsur-unsur hukum adat dan kepentingan-kepentingan yang dibutuhkan masyarakat Indonesia masa sekarang, maka banyak bentuk-bentuk hukum kewarisan yang belum tertuang dalam fiqh konvensional (fiqh al-mawarits), namun hal itu telah termuat dan terkodifikasikan dalam hukum kewarisan Kompilasi Hukum Islam, antara lain: pasal 171 tentang harta bersama, pasal 177 tentang pembagian ayah secara `ashabah, pasal 209 yang menyatakan bahwa ayah angkat dan anak angkat menerima warisan, dan bila mereka tidak menerima wasiat, maka berhak menerima wasiat wajibah dan Kopilasi Hukum Islam pun mengakui harta gono-gini padahal fiqh tidak mengakui; (3) Perkembangan hukum kewarisan Islam dalam praktek putusan pengadilan agama di Indonesia hal ini tidak lepas dari Kompilasi Hukum Islam merupakan intruksi Presiden No. 1 Tahun 1991 tanggla 10 Juni 1991, sehingga perkawinan, kewarisan, dan wakaf bagi pemeluk-pemeluk Islam telah ditetapkan sehingga dapat dijadikan pengadilan agama sebagai “pedoman” dalam artian sebagai sesuatu petunjuk bagi para hakim Peradilan Agaman dalam memutus dan menyelesaikan perkara, maka kedudukannya adalah tergantung sepenuhnya dari para Hakim dimaksud untuk menuangkannya dalam keputusan-keputusan mereka masing-masing sehingga kompilasi ini akan terwujud dan mempunyai makna serta landasan yang kokoh dalam yurisprudensi Peradilan Agama. Dengan cara demikian, maka Peradilan Agama tidak hanya berkewajiban menerapkan ketentuan-ketentuan yang sudah digariskan dalam kompilasi, akan tetapi justru mempunya peranan yang lebih besar lagi untuk memperkembangkan dan sekaligus melengkapinya melalui yurisprudensi yang dibuatnya..Kata kunci : Hukum waris Islam, hukum Kewarisan, Kompilasi Hukum Islam ABSTRACTThe research entitled "The Law of Inheritance of Islam in Indonesia (Study of Legal Development of Inheritance in Compilation of Islamic Law and Practice in Religious Courts)" This research uses normative juridical approach, in collecting data more emphasized on primary source material, in the form of legislation, - the rule of law and the theory of jurisprudence associated with the problem in the perusal.Based on these methods, the research produces basically: (1) Formulation of Islamic inheritance law in fiqh and Compilation of Islamic Law (a) Formulation of Islamic inheritance law in fiqih on al quran and al-hadist namely: Al Quran, QS. An-nisa (4): 7, QS. An-nisa (4): 11, QS. An-nisa (4): 12, QS. An-nisa (4): 33, QS. An-nisa (4): 176, QS. Al-anfal (8): 75, and Hadith Rasulullah SAW (b) The formulation of Islamic inheritance law in the Compilation of Islamic Law is set in Articles 171 to 193. (2) The development of Islamic inheritance law in the Compilation of Islamic Law in appeal to inheritance in fiqih which includes many elements of customary law and the interests that are needed by Indonesian society today, so many forms of inheritance law that has not been contained in the conventional fiqh (fiqh al-mawarits), but it has been contained and codified in the law of inheritance The Compilation of Islamic Law, among others: article 171 on common property, article 177 on the division of fathers asabah, article 209 which states that foster and adopted sons receive inheritance, and if they do not receive a will, it is entitled to a mandatory and compulsory law Islam also recognizes the property gono-gini fiqh although do not recognize; (3) The development of Islamic inheritance law in the practice of religious court ruling in Indonesia is not separated from the Compilation of Islamic Law is the Presidential Instruction. 1 In 1991 on 10 June 1991, so that marriage, inheritance and endowments for the followers of Islam have been established so that it can be used as religious courts as a "guide" in the sense that a guide for the judges of the Religious Court in deciding and settling the case, depends entirely from the Judges intended to put it in their respective decisions so that this compilation will materialize and have a firm meaning and foundation in the jurisprudence of the Religious Courts. In this way, the Religious Judiciary is not only obliged to apply the provisions outlined in the compilation, but it has a greater role to develop and at the same time complete it through the jurisprudence it makes.Keywords: Islamic inheritance law, law of Inheritance, Compilation of Islamic Law


2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Sani

Children is that of Allah swt which exists to the world is on the nothing but (pure children as the youth is the successors to achieve struggles and human resources for the development of nasional. children need guidance and attention specifically, Especially their parents and the government to achieve the development of physical , mental and spiritual maximally .The rule of law against children a criminal offense in Indonesia arranged in act no. 3 year 1997 on court children later improved by the law no. 11 2012 about the justice system children .Hence , if the child a criminal offense therefore his is to be processed legally based on the bill. Law no. 11 2012 about judicial systems children prefer diversi in the form of restorative justice in terms of handle matter children proven to commit crimes. According to islamic law , children committing a commit crimes.Keyword: children,  islamic law, crimes law, of Indonesia


Author(s):  
Wicipto Setiadi

<p>Konstitusi menyatakan bahwa negara Indonesia adalah negara hukum. Ketentuan tersebut mengandung makna bahwa hukum merupakan sesuatu yang supreme . Dengan supremasi hukum diharapkan lahir ketertiban ( order ) atau tata kehidupan masyarakat yang harmonis dan berkeadilan sehingga hukum dapat berperan dalam menjaga stabilitas negara. Dari empat belas tahun pasca reformasi Indonesia, pembangunan hukum menjadi salah satu agenda utama, namun Indonesia belum mampu keluar dari berbagai persoalan hukum, dan bahkan terjebak ke dalam ironi sebagai salah satu negara paling korup. Penelitian yang mengangkat permasalahan tentang kondisi penegakan hukum saat ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode kepustakaan. Dari hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa prestasi penegakan hukum mulai terlihat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, meskipun masih juga terlihat beberapa masalah di berbagai sisi. Satu satu hal penting yang harus diperhatikan dalam pelaksanakan pembangunan hukum, yaitu hukum harus dipahami dan dikembangkan sebagai satu kesatuan sistem yang di dalamnya terdapat elemen kelembagaan, elemen materi hukum, dan elemen budaya hukum.</p><p>The Constitution declare that Indonesia is a state of law. Provision implies that the law is something that is supreme. With the rule of law is expected to appear order or a harmonious society and justice so that law can play a role in maintaining the stability of the country. Of the fourteen years of post-reform Indonesia, development of the law became one of the main agenda, but Indonesia has not been able to get out of a variety of legal issues, and even stuck to the irony as one of the most corrupt countries. The research raised issues about the current state of law enforcement is being carried out by using literature methods. From the research shows that achievement of law enforcement began to appear in recent years, although it is also seen some problems on the various sides. One of the important things that must be considered in implementing the construction of the law, the law must be understood and developed as an integrated system in which there is institutional elements, elements of legal substance, and legal culture elements.</p>


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