scholarly journals Scientific Approach toward Hadith: A Study of Zaglul al-Najjar’s Work

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Sri H. Lestari ◽  
Atropal Asparina
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
East And West

This paper discusses the concept of science in hadith. In appropriation with the spirit of integration-interconnection, although it is not a very new issue appearing nowadays, the encounters between sciences and scriptural texts always invite such curiousity in hadith studies. One of the popular works dealing with sciences in hadith is “al-I`jāz al-‘Ilmī fī al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah,” written by an Egyptian geologist, Zaghlūl al-Najjār. This paper examines the topic using analytical-descriptive to the data gathered. This article focuses on answering the question on who, what, and how sciences dialogues with hadith in this book which must be influenced by his social and intellectual background. It also pervades scientific concepts and natural phenomena which is recorded in hadith. Therefore, this mini-research is written to perceive how the author explains Sunnah which presents along with his knowledge of natural sciences. Besides, this study also deals to uncover the implications of the author’s scientific approach to the status and validity of the hadith used in his work. This study shows that al-Najjār explains a hadith using the thematic method and directly includes the hadith text that is to be explained. He also supported his explanation with the Qur’anic verses. He explains the hadīth using various forms of scientific data using research reference sources from East and West.

Catalogue of the Type Specimens of the “Prof. Ioan Nemeş” Lepidoptera Collection, The Museum of Natural Sciences Dorohoi (Botoşani County, Romania)

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-203
Author(s):  
Mihai Stănescu ◽  
Cristina Amarie
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
The Status

Abstract The collection which belonged to the Prof. Ioan Nemeș (1924-2009), currently curated at the Museum of Natural Sciences Dorohoi (Botoșani County), is one of the most important and valuable collections of Lepidoptera preserved in a Romanian museum. Within this collection, a number of 47 type specimens have been identified, on which the descriptions of 28 species and other infraspecific taxa from 5 Lepidoptera families: Nepticulidae, Coleophoridae, Tortricidae, Crambidae and Geometridae have been based. All these specimens were collected from the territory of Romania. Some of the identified type specimens belong to taxa with doubtful status, whose original descriptions are poor and superficial. The discovery of these type specimens finally allowed assessing the status of several taxa, and the following new synonymies are proposed: Ancylis uncella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1933) = Ancylis bucovinella Peiu & Nemeş, 1969 nov. syn.; Epiblema foenella (Linnaeus, 1758) = Epiblema foenella f. fracta Popescu-Gorj & Nemeş, 1965 nov. syn.; Pelochrista decolorana ( Freyer, 1842) = Pseudeucosma alexinschiana Peiu & Nemeş, 1968 nov. syn.; Nascia cilialis ( Hübner, 1 796) = Calamotropha olarui Nemeş, 1972 nov. syn.; Scopula (Calothysanis) subpunctaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1847) = Scopula peiui Olaru, 1973 nov. syn.; Idaea pallidata (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) = Sterrha constantineanui Olaru, 1973 nov. syn.; Idaea elongaria (Rambur, 1833) = Sterrha nemesi Olaru, 1973 nov. syn.

scholarly journals Traditional Applications of Tannin Rich Extracts Supported by Scientific Data: Chemical Composition, Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Maria Fraga-Corral ◽  
Paz Otero ◽  
Lucia Cassani ◽  
Javier Echave ◽  
Paula Garcia-Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Food Applications

Tannins are polyphenolic compounds historically utilized in textile and adhesive industries, but also in traditional human and animal medicines or foodstuffs. Since 20th-century, advances in analytical chemistry have allowed disclosure of the chemical nature of these molecules. The chemical profile of extracts obtained from previously selected species was investigated to try to establish a bridge between traditional background and scientific data. The study of the chemical composition of these extracts has permitted us to correlate the presence of tannins and other related molecules with the effectiveness of their apparent uses. The revision of traditional knowledge paired with scientific evidence may provide a supporting background on their use and the basis for developing innovative pharmacology and food applications based on formulations using natural sources of tannins. This traditional-scientific approach can result useful due to the raising consumers’ demand for natural products in markets, to which tannin-rich extracts may pose an attractive alternative. Therefore, it is of interest to back traditional applications with accurate data while meeting consumer’s acceptance. In this review, several species known to contain high amounts of tannins have been selected as a starting point to establish a correlation between their alleged traditional use, tannins content and composition and potential bioaccessibility.

Dialectic in the Hands of a Handwerker: Joseph Dietzgen and the Humble Beginnings of Dialectical Materialism

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-384
Author(s):  
Eric-John Russell
Keyword(s):  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Dialectical Method ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Marxist Ideology ◽  
The Status ◽  
German Worker ◽  
Materialist Dialectic

Engels once remarked to Marx that the “materialist dialectic, which for years has been our best working tool and our sharpest weapon, was, remarkably enough, discovered not only by us but also, independently of us and even of Hegel, by a German worker, Joseph Dietzgen.” The status of the dialectic, however, within what ought to instead be described as Dietzgen's inductive empiricism, is problematic. Dietzgen's work stands as a hitherto unacknowledged precursor to the Marxist ideology of Diamat. The first question is whether or not Marx's materialism ought to be conflated with Dietzgen's empiricism. Second, Dietzgen's efforts to establish a theory of human thought structured through the methods of the natural sciences requires critical evaluation. Although Dietzgen's works may anticipate some of the theoretical contours of Diamat, equating materialism with empiricism and rendering the dialectical method into a universal methodology on a par with the methods of the natural sciences, as pursued by Dietzgen, is a project that is perhaps not worthy of Marx's and Engels’ nominal veneration.

Reflections on the Status and Direction of Psychology: An External Historical Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amedeo Giorgi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Gestalt Theory ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Aron Gurwitsch

Abstract Whenever one reads internal histories of psychology what is covered is the establishment of a lab by Wundt in 1879 as the initiating act and then the breakaway movements of the 20th Century are discussed: Behaviorism, Gestalt Theory, Psychoanalysis, and most recently the Cognitive revival. However, Aron Gurwitsch described a perspective noted by Cassirer and first developed by Malebranche, which dates the founding of psychology at the same time as that of physics in the 17th Century. This external perspective shows the dependency of psychology upon the concepts, methods and procedures of physics and the natural sciences in general up until the present time. Gurwitsch argues that this approach has blocked the growth of psychology and has assured its status as a minor science. He argued that the everyday Lifeworld achievements of subjectivity are the true subject matter of psychology and that a phenomenological approach to subjectivity could give psychology the authenticity it has been forever seeking but never finding as a naturalistic science. Some clarifying thoughts concerning this phenomenologically grounded psychology are offered, especially the role of desire. The assumption of an external perspective toward the history of psychology fostered the insights about psychology’s scientific role.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL HAZARDS ON SOIL DEGRADATION AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY IN THE CRIMEA

2015 ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Pashtetsky ◽  
K. G. Zhenchenko ◽  
A. V. Prikhodko
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The information of the impact of adverse natural phenomena related with the high temperature regime, deficit of precipitation and strong winds on the soil erosion, growth and yield of the crop. The status of shelterbelt, their ecological significance and the role of melioration and soil protection tillage systems in the Republic of Crimea are discussed.

scholarly journals DORĘCZENIA PISM PROCESOWYCH (UWAGI NA MARGINESIE CTH. 2,4,1 [A. 318/319] = C. 5,4,20)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Jacek Wiewiorowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
European Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Universal Nature ◽  
The Way

THE NATURAL SCIENCES IN THE SERVICE OF PLEADINGS IN CASES INVOLVING MINORS: REMARKS ON CTH 2.4.1 [A. 318/319] = C. 5.4.20)SummaryThe subject of this article is the status of juvenile persons in Roman law, as exemplified by one of the constitutions of Constantine the Great, CTh 2.4.1 [a. 318/319] = C. 5.40.2, fragments of which are preserved in Theodosius’ Code of 438, and in an abridged version in Justinian’s Code of 534. In the first part of the article the author analyses the extremely controversial issue of the identity of the constitution’s addressee. In the second part he discusses the content of this constitution and the premises for its issue in the light of the Constantinian legislation on family matters and the way it was later interpreted. The article’s third part is an attempt to apply the natural and social sciences to the question of minors and their personality, and the examination of this issue as regards CTh 2.4.1 [a. 318/319] = C. 5.40.2. The author takes into consideration the basic data on the status of minors in Roman law, in the subsequent history of European law, and in non-European cultures. He concludes by making a series of observations on the potential for the application of the natural sciences in the study of Roman law, which could serve to confirm the timeless and universal nature of some of the solutions it prescribed.

Anthropological Description of a Modern Urban Wedding

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 373-388
Author(s):  
Ksenia Yarushina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Young Family ◽  
Wedding Ceremony ◽  
Detailed Interpretation

The article applies K. Geertz scientific approach of ‘detailed description’ to a modern urban wedding. The work is based on materials of field research into the marriage practices among young Perm families. The research techniques included semi-formal interviews and case-studies of 26 persons (13 families) during the period 2016–2020. These qualitative methods were necessary to get information about an important life event: from the first meeting a future partner to the wedding ceremony. Such methods helped identify cultural bases for the bride and groom’s practices. The paper provides a detailed interpretation of only one case, consisting of several narrative sections. Every narrative is a personal view of the participant at the wedding ceremony. The narrative “wedding as a drama” shows a woman’s interpretation of the celebration. The bride’s story has some negative connotations. The bride expresses rejection of the wedding procedure and some of its attributes. The narrative “wedding as a holiday” represents the man’s view. The groom’s comments contain mostly positive connotations. His story highlights the status elements of the celebration. He stresses his family’s contribution to the wedding ceremony. Analyzing both narratives, an additional aspect of the topic was explored: “wedding as a parents’ project”. It shows the older generation’s role in the organization of the wedding. In addition, the paper describes some stories which are repeated in the narratives, including various forms of objectification, gender roles in the young family, and shifting of social roles.

Positivism, Post-positivism, and Social Science

2021 ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
Patrick Thaddeus Jackson ◽  
Lucas Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Epistemic Model

This chapter highlights positivism and post-positivism in the social sciences. ‘Post-positivism’, much like ‘positivism’, is a notoriously imprecise term that nonetheless does significantly effective work in shaping academic controversies. Post-positivist approaches are loosely organized around a common rejection of the notion that the social sciences should take the natural sciences as their epistemic model. This rejection, which is a dissent from the naturalist position that all the sciences belong together and produce the same kind of knowledge in similar ways, often also includes a rejection of what are taken to be the central components of a natural-scientific approach: a dualist separation of knowing subjects from their objects of study, and a limitation of knowledge to the tangible and measurable. To get a handle on ‘post-positivism’, the chapter discusses these three rejections (naturalism, dualism, and empiricism) in turn.

Ali Sedad Bey’s (d. 1900), ()

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazif Muhtaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
First Time ◽  
Late Ottoman

This chapter presents and evaluates Ali Sedāt’s (d. 1900) Principles of Transformation in the Motion of Particles. In this work, Ali Sedad gives a detailed description of the working mechanism of the whole universe, including topics that range from the interaction of atoms to the emergence of animate bodies and the motion of heavenly bodies. In doing this, he introduces thermodynamics and Darwin’s theory of evolution for the first time to the Turkish-speaking community in a detailed way and discusses the laws behind natural phenomena in a philosophical way. Ali Sedāt’s Principles of Transformation is a unique work introducing the basic principles of the natural sciences in nineteenth-century European circles to the Ottoman world and interpreting them from an Ashʿarite perspective. It shows how an Ashʿarite scholar from the late Ottoman era followed modern science thoroughly but interpreted it critically from its own philosophical point of view.

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