scholarly journals Prototipe Elektrokardiograf Tiga Lead Berbasis Komputer Jinjing

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-160
Author(s):  
Aulia Eka Putra ◽  
Kiki Prawiroredjo ◽  
Henry Candra ◽  
Engelin Shintadewi Julian ◽  
Gunawan Tjahjadi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Heart Rhythm Disorders ◽  
Arduino Uno

Penyakit jantung masih menjadi ancaman di Indonesia, menurut Kementerian Kesehatan, pada tahun 2014 penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi setelah stroke. Persentase terbesar penyakit kardiovaskuler adalah pada gangguan irama jantung. Instrumentasi medik elektrokardiograf (EKG) digunakan untuk mendeteksi sinyal biopotensial yang dihasilkan jantung sehingga dapat didiagnosis oleh dokter spesialis jantung. Penelitian ini mengusulkan sebuah prototipe sistem rekam jantung EKG yang ekonomis, dengan memanfaatkan suatu program aplikasi menggunakan bahasa pemrograman C Sharp. Sistem menggunakan 3 buah surface electrodes, modul AD8232, dan modul Arduino Uno sebagai komponen pembentuk instrument elektrokardiograf. Surface electrodes berfungsi menangkap sinyal aktivitas listrik pada jantung yang dikondisikan oleh modul AD8232 dan diubah menjadi sinyal digital pada  Arduino.  Tampilan pada layar komputer memperlihatkan jumlah denyut jantung per menit (BPM) dan grafik gelombang EKG yang dapat dibaca nilai amplitudo dan lebar waktu gelombangnya. Berdasarkan hasil perbandingan pengujian antara prototype EKG terhadap Portable Easy ECG Monitor PC-08B didapati kesalahan rata-rata parameter gelombang jantung yaitu pada denyut jantung per menit 1,19%, pada interval R-R 2.44%, pada interval P-R 2,05 %, pada interval Q-T 1,16 %, pada interval waktu gelombang P 2,58 %, pada interval waktu gelombang QRS 2,07 %, pada interval waktu gelombang T 3,26 %, pada nilai amplitudo QRS 3,40 %, pada nilai amplitudo gelombang P  4 %, dan pada nilai amplitudo gelombang T 4,10 %. Heart disease was a threat in Indonesia, according to the Ministry of Health in 2014 coronary heart disease (CHD) was the highest cause of death after stroke. The largest percentage of cardiovascular disease was in heart rhythm disorders. Electrocardiograph (ECG) was used to detect biopotential signals generated by the heart. This research proposed a low cost electrocardiograph (ECG) prototype by utilizing an application using C Sharp. The system consisted of three surface electrodes, an AD8232 module, and an Arduino Uno module. Surface electrodes detected the electrical activity signal from the heart that was conditioned using AD8232 module and converted to digital signal in Arduino Uno. The bit per minute (BPM) of the heart and the ECG graph are displayed on the laptop screen with graticule to measure the amplitude and the width of the wave. Based on the test results of the ECG prototype compare to the Portable Easy ECG Monitor PC-08B, it is found that the average error of heartbeat per minute  is 1.19 %, the R-R time interval is 2.44 %, the P-R time interval is 2.05 %, the Q-T time interval is 1.16 %, the P wave time interval is 2.58 %, the QRS time interval is 2.07 %,  T wave time interval is 3.26 %, the QRS amplitude is 3.40 %, the P amplitude is 4 %, and the T amplitude is 4.10 %.

scholarly journals LEVELS OF ESSENTIAL AND CONDITIONALLY ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS IN THE INTRAOPERATIVE BIOPSY SPECIMENS OF CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE AND HEART RHYTHM DISORDERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Dubovaya ◽  
G. E. Sukhareva
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Heart Rhythm Disorders

Background. Despite recent numerous studies, etiopathogenesis, treatment and rehabilitation of children with heart rhythm disorders haven’t been studied well. We paid attention to the significant impact of mineral nutrients on cardiac activity, while addressing to the viable solutions. Aim. To measure the levels of essential and conditionally essential mineral nutrients and to determine any relationships between their concentrations in hair and in the intraoperative biopsy specimens obtained from children with congenital heart disease and heart rhythm disorders. Methods 55 children (34 boys and 21 girls) aged 6 to 17 years with different heart rhythm disorders and congenital heart disease were included in the study. Levels of 15 essential mineral nutrients (calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, copper, iron, iodine, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc) and 3 conditionally essential nutrients (boron, silicon, vanadium) were measured in hair and in the intraoperative biopsy specimens obtained from children with congenital heart disease using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. The results of the study were processed using variational and alternative statistic methods with the commercially available software “MedStat”. Results The lack of essential nutrients (K, Mn, Se, Cr, P, Co, S, Cu, Na, Mo) and conditionally essential mineral, Si, in the intraoperative biopsy specimens of the heart and great arteries has been found. The direct strong correlation between the levels of essential (K, Mn, Se, Cr, Co) and conditionally essential (Si) minerals in hair and heart tissues of children with congenital heart disease and heart rhythm disorders has been determined. Conclusion The deficit of essential (potassium, manganese, selenium, chromium, phosphorus, cobalt, sulfur, copper, sodium, molybdenum) and conditionally essential (silicon) mineral nutrients, and the direct strong correlation between their levels in hair and heart tissues of children with congenital heart disease and heart rhythm disorders allows using hair as a biosubstrate, which is highly informative for the measurement of nutrients in the human body. 

scholarly journals Polymer Optical Fiber-Based Respiratory Sensors: Various Designs and Implementations

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A. Arifin ◽  
Nelly Agustina ◽  
Syamsir Dewang ◽  
Irfan Idris ◽  
Dahlang Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Analog Signal ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Polymer Optical Fiber ◽  
Arduino Uno

This research discusses the polymer optical fiber sensor for respiratory measurements. The infrared LED that produces light will propagate along the polymer optical fiber which will be received by the phototransistor and the differential amplifier. The output voltage in the form of an analog signal will be converted to a digital signal by the Arduino Uno microcontroller and displayed on the computer. The polymer optical fiber sensor is installed on the corset using a variety of configuration (straight, sinusoidal, and spiral), placed in the abdomen, and a variety of positions (abdomen, chest, and back) using only a spiral configuration. While doing the inspiration, the stomach will be enlarged so that the optical fiber sensor will have strain. The strain will cause loss of power, the resulting light intensities received by the phototransistor are reduced, and the output voltage on the computer decreases. The result shows that the highest voltage amplitudes were in the spiral configuration placed in the abdominal position for slow respiration measurements with the highest range, sensitivity, and resolution which are 0.119 V, 0.238 V/s, and 0.004 s, respectively. The advantages of our work are emphasized on measurement system simplicity, low cost, easy fabrication, and handy operation and can be connected with the Arduino Uno microcontroller and computer.

scholarly journals Signal processing of C-RTD Sensor output as the input to the instrument of low temperature monitoring using Arduino Uno Rev.3

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Rismawan Rismawan ◽  
Moh. Toifur
Keyword(s):  
Output Signal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Analog Signal ◽  
Digital Signals ◽  
Temperature Detector ◽  
Detector Output ◽  
Coil Resistance ◽  
Arduino Uno ◽  
Value Changes

The C-RTD (Coil-Resistance Temperature Detector) output signal is an analog signal in the form of a direct voltage. This value changes with changes in RTD temperature. This analog signal can be read by users using a multimeter or similar device but does not directly indicate the RTD temperature. In order to obtain RTD temperature values, an additional device is required. In order to have a useful value and practicality, a device that can convert analog signals into values can be read directly by the user. The microcontroller was chosen as a used device. The selected microcontroller system is Arduino Uno because has been coupled with input and output ports so users only need to enter programs related to the system being created. In the other hand Arduino Uno by considering the low cost and practical. For the measurement system, the RTD output signal must be conditioned into a digital signal using the ADC so that it can be processed by the microcontroller. From testing instrument obtained that the system has been able to convert analog RTD signals into digital signals. The range of measurement is -176°C to  0°C with an accuracy of ± 0.20 / mV. 

Prevention of sudden cardiac death in primary electrical disorders

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 2363-2369
Author(s):  
Elena Arbelo ◽  
Josep Brugada
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Structural Heart Disease ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Heart Rhythm Disorders ◽  
Genetically Determined

Cardiac channelopathies are genetically determined heart rhythm disorders affecting young individuals without structural heart disease, predisposing them to ventricular arrhythmias. Apart from avoiding triggers such as drugs, exercise, or fever, in most primary arrhythmia syndromes the only effective therapy for preventing sudden cardiac death is an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). However, in this group of a young, active population, ICD may cause a significant rate of device-related complications. Therefore, appropriate risk stratification and selective ICD indications are of utmost importance.

scholarly journals Impact of hepatopathy in pediatric patients after surgery for complex congenital heart disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248776
Author(s):  
Torben Kehl ◽  
Daniel Biermann ◽  
Andrea Briem-Richter ◽  
Gerhard Schoen ◽  
Jakob Olfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Complex Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heart Rhythm Disorders ◽  
The Impact

Patients undergoing complex pediatric cardiac surgery in early infancy are at risk of postoperative secondary end-organ dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine specific risk factors promoting the development of peri- and postoperative hepatopathy after surgery for congenital heart disease. In this retrospective study, we identified 20 consecutive patients operated between 2011 and 2019 from our institutional cohort who developed significant postsurgical hepatic dysfunction. These patients were compared to a control group of 30 patients with comparable initial cardiac conditions and STS-EACTS risk score. Patients who developed hepatopathy in the intensive care unit have chronic cholestasis and decreased liver synthesis. The impact of postoperative hepatopathy on morbidity was marked. In six patients (30%), liver transplantation was executed as ultima ratio, and two (10%) were listed for liver transplantation. The overall mortality related to postoperative hepatopathy is high: We found nine patients (45%) having severe hepatopathy and mostly multiple organ dysfunction who died in the postoperative course. According to risk analysis, postoperative right and left heart dysfunction in combination with a postoperative anatomical residuum needing a re-operation or re-intervention in the postoperative period is associated with a high risk for the development of cardiac hepatopathy. Furthermore, postoperative complications (pleural effusion, heart rhythm disorders, etc.), postoperative infections, and the need for parenteral nutrition also raise the risk for cardiac hepatopathy. Further investigations are needed to reduce hepatic complications and improve the general prognosis of such complex patients.

HOLTER ECG AND RESPIRATORY CURVE MONITORING IN NEWBORNS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: PILOT CASE–CONTROL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
N.A. Rybalko ◽  
◽  
N.N. Korableva ◽  
N.P. Kotlukova ◽  
L.M. Makarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Arterial Hypoxemia ◽  
Heart Rhythm Disorders

Objective of the research: analysis of 24-hour ECG indicators with the search for heart rhythm disorders in children with congenital heart defects (CHD) during preparation for surgical correction of heart disease; determination of the number of apnea and periodic breathing (PB) episodes in children with CHD based on the daily pneumogram analysis. Materials and methods: 24-hour ECG monitoring with pneumogram (respiratory curve) recording was performed in 37 newborns in the late neonatal period, on the 13th [10; 16] (Me [95% CI]) day of life. Inclusion criteria: uncorrected congenital heart disease complicated by heart failure (HF) of functional class II – III according to R.D. Ross, and/or arterial hypoxemia. The group included patients whose heart disease hemodynamics did not require urgent or emergency cardiac surgery. The study was performed during the planned preparation for surgical treatment in somatic department. In CHD structure combined heart defects prevailed. Two children with tetralogy of Fallot had only arterial hypoxemia. The comparison group included 73 healthy full-term newborns examined in the early neonatal period – on the 2nd [2; 3] (Me [95% CI]) day of life before discharge. Researchers analyzed the heart rate (HR) during sleep and wakefulness, circadian index, heart rate variability (HRV), the frequency of heart rhythm disorders, the number and duration of apnea and PD episodes. Results and discussion: there was a significantly lower number of PD and sleep apnea episodes in newborns with hemodynamically significant CHD; parameters of HRV and heart rate in children with CHD are characterized by a high level of activity of nervous system sympathetic part due to a severe degree of HF and/or arterial hypoxemia; cardiac arrhythmias in newborns with CHD were represented by a rare single extrasystole.

Clinical and Morphological Features of Myocardial Damage and the Course of Fulminant Myocarditis on the Background of СOVID-19, Diagnosis and Treatment Tactics

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5S) ◽  
pp. 414-425
Author(s):  
Olga S. Oynotkinova ◽  
Evgenii L. Nikonov ◽  
Oleg V. Zayratyants ◽  
Elena V. Rzhevskaya ◽  
Evgenii V. Krukov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Fulminant Myocarditis ◽  
Heart Rhythm Disorders

In a review article based on my own clinical experience of managing patients with acute myocardial injury and fulminant myocarditis, taking into account expert recommendations on the clinical treatment of myocardial damage associated with novel coronavirus infection a National clinical geriatric medical research center, division of cardiovascular diseases, the Chinese geriatrics society, Department of cardiology, Beijing Medical Association and European clinics discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of myocardial damage and FM patients, infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical features and diagnostic criteria are presented, including screening tests of markers of myocardial damage in the form of a highly sensitive troponin test, a natriuretic peptide. The article discusses in detail the pathogenesis and mechanisms of myocardial damage, including immune mechanisms, cytokine storm, systemic inflammation with macro- and microvascular dysfunction and the development of myocardial dysfunction with acute heart failure, hypotension, cardiogenic shock and/or life-threatening heart rhythm disorders caused by hypoxia and metabolic disorders at the cellular level. Features of the clinical course of fulminant myocarditis in infected patients (SARS-CoV-2) in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. For the first time, a detailed histo-morphological analysis of pathological myocardial injuries and complications is presented on the basis of unique autopsy material on post-mortem diagnostics of various pathoanatomic autopsies of those who died from COVID-19 in Moscow. Based on the clinical, functional and morphological material, the Protocol of etiopathogenetic treatment is presented. The basis of standard therapy is considered antiviral drugs, immunoglobulin G, the use of monoclonal antibodies to interleukin-6, anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, depending on the clinical situation, cardioprotectors and symptomatic treatment are recommended to maintain the heart, which in combination can achieve a certain clinical effectiveness. As adjuvant cardioprotective targeted therapy, the sodium salt of phosphocreatine is considered in order to preserve the myocardium, maintain its contractility and vital activity.

Open Loop Speed Control Of Brushless DC Motor Using Low Cost Arduino UNO Processor

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Potnuru Devendra ◽  
Mary K. Alice ◽  
Ch. Sai Babu ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Brushless Dc Motor ◽  
Brushless Dc ◽  
Arduino Uno
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