scholarly journals KARAKTER GENOTIPE TIGA POPULASI IKAN RAINBOW AJAMARU (Melanotaenia ajamaruensis) DARI ALAM DAN BUDIDAYA MENGGUNAKAN RAPD

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Erma Primanita Hayuningtyas ◽  
Shofihar Sinansari ◽  
Melta Rini Fahmi ◽  
Eni Kusrini ◽  
Bastiar Nur
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Change ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
High Genetic Distance

Ikan rainbow Ajamaru (Melanotaenia ajamarunensis) yang dinyatakan punah pada tahun 1996 merupakan ikan endemik dari Danau Ajamaru, Papua. Namun ikan ini berhasil ditemukan kembali pada tahun 2007 di Sungai Kaliwensi, Sorong, Papua. Domestikasi ex-situ ikan rainbow Ajamaru sedang dilakukan di Balai Riset Budidaya ikan Hias, Depok-Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi perbedaan genotipe ikan rainbow Ajamaru di alam dan budidaya melalui analisis keragaman genetik untuk melihat adanya perubahan genetik, migrasi maupun mutasi gen. Metode yang digunakan adalah Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) dengan 3 jenis primer (OPA 03, OPB 6, dan OPZ 5). Setiap populasi baik, dari alam (Papua) maupun budidaya (Depok dan Papua) masing-masing diambil secara acak sebanyak 10 sampel ikan uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai keragaman genetik pada ikan di alam lebih rendah (62,5%) dibanding ikan budidaya di Papua (70,31%) dan tertinggi pada ikan budidaya di Depok (73,43%). Heterozigositas pada ikan di alam lebih rendah (0,172) dibanding ikan budidaya di Papua (0,241) dan di Depok (0,270). Jarak genetik terjauh ditunjukkan antara populasi ikan alam dan populasi ikan budidaya Papua, sedangkan jarak genetik terdekat antara populasi ikan budidaya di Papua dengan di Depok. Karakter genotipe yang dihasilkan pada tiga populasi ikan rainbow Ajamaru adalah memiliki corak DNA yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Perbedaan yang dihasilkan dari karakter genotipe karena respon genotip dari tiap individu dan daya adaptasi ikan berbeda-beda pada habitat yang berbeda.Ajamaru rainbow, an endemic fish from Lake Ajamaru, Papua, once declared extinct in 1996. However, it was rediscovered in 2007, in Kaliwensi River, Sorong, Papua. Currently, the Ajamaru rainbow fish is being domesticated ex-situ at the Research Center for Ornamental Fish Culture, Depok, West Java. The aim of the research was to determine the genotype characteristics of wild and cultured Ajamaru rainbow including genetic change, drift, migration, and mutation using genetic variance analysis. The genetic analysis applied was Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using OPA-03, OPB-6, and OPZ-5 primers. Ten samples were used for each population. The results showed that the three populations of Ajamaru rainbow fish have significantly different (P<0.05) of DNA polymorphism. The lowest value of genetic variance was found in the wild fish (62.5%) followed by the cultured fish located in Papua (70.31%), and the highest was observed in the cultured fish located in Depok (73.43%). Heterozygosity of the wild fish was lower (0.172) than that of the cultured fish in Papua (0.241) and in Depok (0.270). The high genetic distance was found between the wild and cultured fish from Papua. The closest relationship was between the fish culture in Papua and Depok. The genotype character produced in the three Ajamaru rainbow fish populations was have significantly different (P<0.05) of DNA polymorphism. The differences that result form genotype characters because of the genotypic response of each individual and the adaptability of fish vary in different habitats. 

Improved Growth, Swimming Performance, and Muscular Development in Exercise-Conditioned Young-of-the-Year Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis)

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paciencia S. Young ◽  
Joseph J. Cech Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Striped Bass ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Young Of The Year

Exercise conditioning at 1.2–2.4 body lengths∙s−1 for 60 d significantly improved final weights, specific growth rates (SGR), 2-min critical swimming velocities, red muscle cross-sectional areas at 80% standard length (SL), and red:white muscle ratio at 80% SL in both cultured and wild young-of-the-year striped bass (Morone saxatilis). Moreover, wild fish had final weights and SGR greater than cultured fish in both exercised and unexercised groups. Exercise conditioning also increased white muscle cross-sectional areas at all sections (50, 65, and 80% SL) in the cultured but not in the wild fish, although white muscle areas of exercised wild fish were significantly greater than in the unexercised cultured fish. It is suggested that exercise-conditioned striped bass used for stocking purposes might show increased survival rates in the wild.

scholarly journals Ensuring Sustainability of Kacip Fatimah (Labisia Pumila) Through Ex-Situ Conservation

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Farah Fazwa Md Ariff ◽  
Norhayati Saffie ◽  
Syafiqah Nabilah Samsul Bahari ◽  
Mohamad Zaki Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Asri Lias
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Labisia Pumila ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Over Exploitation

Labisia pumila or locally known as Kacip Fatimah of the family Myrsinaceae is one of the popular herbal species in Malaysia. The leaves or the whole plant are being traditionally used to treat women internal problem and health. Other medicinal uses of the plant are as a treatment for dysentery, flatulence, dysmenorrhoea and gonorrhoea. The increasing demand of the plants for those usages has lead to the over-exploitation in the wild and might endanger the species if no conservation activities are being carried out. Beside the danger of extinction, the species also experience severe genetic loss and shortage of raw materials. Realizing to this, Plant Improvement Programme of Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) has taken an initiative to ex-situ conserve the species through the establishment of germplasm and development of breeding strategy. The purpose is to avoid extinction of the species and to produce high quality planting materials for commercial production. This paper discusses the collection, selection, propagation and establishment of clonal bank/germplasm of the species. It is anticipated that with the initiative, the sustainability of the species can be ensured to support the industries demand in the future.

scholarly journals In vitro spore germination and early gametophyte development of Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. in different media

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupi ISNAINI ◽  
Titien Ngatinem Praptosuwiryo
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Gametophyte Development ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Rare And Endangered

Abstract. Isnaini Y, Praptosuwiryo TNg. 2020. In vitro spore germination and early gametophyte development of Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. in different media. Biodiversitas 21: 5373-5381. Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. is known as the golden chicken fern and included in Appendix II of CITES. It is an important export commodity for traditional and modern medicine. Globally, populations of this species are under significant pressure due to overexploitation in the wild. In vitro culture is one of the technologies used for ex-situ propagation and conservation of rare and endangered ferns and lycophytes. This study’s objectives were: (i) to observe in vitro spore germination and early gametophyte development of C. barometz, and (ii) to determine the best culture medium for rapid spore germination and early development of the gametophytes. The sterilized spores were sown in half-strength Murashige & Skoog (½MS) basal medium supplemented with combinations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). A factorial combination of four BAP concentrations (0, 2, 4, and 6 mg L-1) with four concentrations of NAA (0; 0.01; 0.03 and 0.05 mg L-1) created 16 treatments replicated in a Completely Randomized Design. Spore germination of C. barometz was observed to be Vittaria-type, and its prothallial development was Drynaria-type. Spore germination started 7-14 days after sowing. Young heart-shape gametophytes consisting of 110-240 cells were formed in 45-61 days after sowing. The two best spore culture media for rapid spore germination and development of C. barometz gametophytes were ½ MS with or without 2 mg L-1 BAP.

Conservation biology of the critically endangered salamander, Paradactylodon persicus gorganensis (Clergue-Gazeau & Thorn, 1979) (Amphibia: Hynobiidae) in northeastern Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani
Keyword(s):  
High Elevation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Future Viability ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

Abstract Paradactylodon persicus gorganensis is a critically endangered salamander found in northeastern Iran which faces increasing major anthropogenic threats such as agriculture, industry and mining. The aim of the current study is to identify key environmental variables associated with the species’ presence. Also, measuring and comparing the water quality parameters in habitats where P. p. gorganensis is present and absent are the other aims of the study. The results indicate that high pH and dissolved oxygen values have a negative effect on the species’ presence, while its presence was strongly correlated with low mean water temperatures. The species’ range in response to the climate change will shift to the south and east, where areas of high elevation occur, because the species favors cold habitats. This study indicates that it will be particularly important to evaluate the whole range where P. p. gorganensis exists when preparing conservation action plans. It is recommended that ex-situ conservation programs are incorporated into conservation planning for the species, because the number of individuals in the wild is so low and their future viability is fragile.

scholarly journals Propagation of Threatened Nepenthes khasiana: Methods and Precautions

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-315
Author(s):  
Jibankumar S. KHURAIJAM ◽  
Rup K. ROY
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Propagation Technique ◽  
Subsequent Propagation ◽  
Nepenthes Khasiana

Ex-situ conservation is an important key in the management of rare, endangered and threatened (RET) plant species and its effectiveness depends on several factors. Maintenance of viable germplasm and its subsequent propagation plays an important role in long term conservation of many RET species. Nepenthes khasiana is a rare and gravely threatened species in the wild due to over-collection and other threats. The species needs urgent in-situ and ex-situ conservation. Development of easy to propagate techniques would pave faster multiplication for its use of educational, medicinal and horticultural purpose. In the present paper, successful propagation technique of Nepenthes khasiana through seeds is demonstrated along with detailed information on precautions to be taken during the adoption of the techniques.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Proximate and Fatty Acid Composition to Distinguish Between Cultured and Wild Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Bobban Subhadra ◽  
Rebecca Lochmann ◽  
Andrew Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Potential Use

Cultured largemouth bass (LMB) cannot be sold as food in some lucrative markets due to regulatory restrictions that protect wild LMB. Distinguishing between cultured and wild fish could open food markets for cultured fish. Wild LMB eat freshwater fish and cultured LMB eat diets high in marine fish meal and oil, which should produce differences in flesh composition. We analyzed the proximate and fatty acid composition of wild and cultured LMB muscle to determine the potential for distinguishing fish origin analytically. Protein and moisture were higher in wild fish, while lipid was higher in cultured fish. The n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), and the ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids all differed between cultured and wild fish. The n-3 to n-6 ratio and n-3 LC-PUFA were higher in cultured fish, while elevated arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) in wild fish was a key distinguishing feature.

scholarly journals Seed and biological productivity of Prunella vulgaris L. in situ and ex situ

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Irina Barsukova ◽  
Alexei Astashenkov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Prunella Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
In The Wild

Reproductive biology and biological productivity of Prunella vulgaris L. were studied in natural growth conditions in Khakasiya and under introduction. It was established that in the wild a potential seed productivity of the species varied from 85,4 to 160,3 it./ a shoot, a real one – from 73,6 to 149,2 it.; erem germination under optimal conditions reached 90,5%. Under introduction the indicators of seed productivity increase by 2-5 times, of erem germination – by 1,5 times. Biological productivity of individuals in cultivation is by 5-10 times higher compared to that in natural habitats.

scholarly journals Integrated conservation for Parakmeria omeiensis (Magnoliaceae), a Critically Endangered plant species endemic to south-west China

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-465
Author(s):  
Daoping Yu ◽  
Xiangying Wen ◽  
Cehong Li ◽  
Tieyi Xiong ◽  
Qixin Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
West China ◽  
South West ◽  
The Family ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Integrated Conservation

AbstractParakmeria omeiensis is a Critically Endangered tree species in the family Magnoliaceae, endemic to south-west China. The tree is functionally dioecious, but little is known about the species’ status in the wild. We investigated the range, population size, age structure, habitat characteristics and threats to P. omeiensis. We located a total of 74 individuals in two populations on the steep slopes of Mount Emei, Sichuan province, growing under the canopy of evergreen broadleaved forest in well-drained gravel soil. A male-biased sex ratio, lack of effective pollinating insects, and habitat destruction result in low seed set and poor seedling survival in the wild. We have adopted an integrated conservation approach, including strengthening in situ conservation, cultivation of saplings, ex situ conservation and reintroduction, to protect this species. The successful conservation of P. omeiensis has important implications for the conservation of the genus Parakmeria and the family Magnoliaceae.

scholarly journals Conservation and behavior of Africa’s “Big Five”

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Caro ◽  
Jason Riggio
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Flagship Species ◽  
African Species ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract We examine the conservation status of Africa’s “Big Five”: lion, leopard, buffalo, black and white rhinoceros and elephant, and the role of behavioral knowledge in their conservation. Efforts to conserve these flagship species consist of in situ conservation, captive breeding and reintroductions. With a few exceptions, we find limited evidence that knowledge of behavior informs conservation programs targeted at these species. For management in the wild, knowledge of infanticide and ranging can provide guidelines for realistic hunting quotas and corridors between protected areas, respectively. For ex situ and reintroduction programs, behavioral knowledge is chiefly focused on improved animal husbandry. Despite a formidable understanding of these species’ behavior, the practicalities of using such knowledge may be diminished because exploitation of these species is so forceful and the bulk of efforts aimed at conserving these species (and indeed most other African species) are primarily in situ where behaviorally driven interventions are limited. Our comparative findings suggest that behavior has been of rather narrow use in the conservation of these flagship species [Current Zoology 60 (4): 486–499, 2014].

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