scholarly journals Administrative and legal supervision of the Veterinary Inspection over food safety in Poland – selected issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Ewa Bonusiak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Food Market ◽  
High Level

Legal sciences, raising food safety as the subject of research, focus mainly on striving to ensure sufficiently effective legal regulations and the system of bodies controlling and supervising the food market that determine the correct health quality of food. One such body is the Veterinary Inspection. And while it focuses in its tasks mainly on the protection of animal health, it directly and indirectly affects the maintenance of food health requirements. Supervision exercised by the said Inspection plays an important role in ensuring a high level of protection of human life and health, and also protects the economic interests of the consumer. These two goals are basic. Additional objectives are protection of the reliability of commercial transactions, ensuring the free movement of food in the European Union, protection of animal health and living conditions and protection of the environment. They are of particular importance for determining acceptable limits of competences that can be entrusted to public administration bodies, including the said Inspection. The article presents the activities of the Veterinary Inspection to protect food safety and selected executive forms that it uses for this purpose. These types of entities are equipped with such forms of activity because they fulfill a protective function in the public administration system. However, this function implies the obligation to protect many different values desired individually, as well as maintain (ensure) objectively desired states of affairs, phenomena and processes.

FOOD SAFETY IN THE CONTEXT OF LEGISLATION

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (6) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Irena Ozimek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Food Law ◽  
Food Market

The study aims to analyse selected legal regulations concerning the issue of food safety, regarding both health safety and protection of consumers' economic interests as well as to present institutional possibilities of consumer protection in the food market in this area. As a result of the analysis of selected legal regulations, it can be concluded that there are numerous legal acts covering the issue of food safety. Changes that occur in food law as well as creation of new organizations at the level of the European Union preventing food counterfeiting, will contribute to ensuring a higher level of consumer protection on the food market in the European Union, including Poland.

EURASIA IN POST-CRISIS ECONOMY AND ENERGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
Gul'nar O. Khalova ◽  
◽  
Nikita I. Illeritskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Development Models ◽  
New Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
High Level

The article considers some of the macroeconomic results of 2020 for the global economy and individual regions and countries of the world. The authors identify a number of distinctive features of the global economic crisis of 2020 and its impact on the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators in individual regions and countries of the world (the Eurasian Economic Union, the European Union, and China). It is noted that during the crisis, negative trends in the world economy and politics became more acute and fundamental contradictions between the main participants in the world economy became tougher. At the same time, a high level of mutual dependence of the economies of the EU, EAEU, China and other Eurasian states was noted. Despite the crisis conditions and unfavorable political rhetoric, economic interests and the implementation of all – Eurasian projects can become a unifying factor for overcoming the crisis and forming new development models based on rational policies and the common benefit of the states of the Eurasian space.

Overview of the activities of the European Food Safety Authority on mycotoxins in food and feed

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eskola ◽  
A. Altieri ◽  
J. Galobart
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
European Food Safety Authority ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Research Organisations

Mycotoxins are widely occurring in foods and feeds and dietary exposure to them can induce various types of adverse health effects in humans and animals. Since its establishment in 2002, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has assessed risks of dietary exposure to mycotoxins for public health and for the health of farm and companion animals on the request of the European Commission and has assessed safety and efficacy of feed additives for the reduction of contamination of feed by mycotoxins within the European Union authorisation process for feed additives. Over 40 scientific opinions on risks of mycotoxins for human and animal health and other reports on mycotoxins have been issued by the authority for the use of the European risk managers. Mycotoxins belong to one of the important areas of the EFSA work. Occurrence data on mycotoxins submitted to EFSA by the European national food safety bodies and research institutions have been collected in the EFSA databases and have informed its scientific opinions and reports on mycotoxins. Similarly, many EFSA-funded projects conducted by the European research organisations, not only to generate data on occurrence, but also data on toxicity of mycotoxins, have provided valuable information for the risk assessments of EFSA. Aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol are the mycotoxins, for which EFSA has delivered most of its scientific mycotoxin opinions. Very recently also modified forms of mycotoxins have been included in the EFSA risk assessments. In this review paper an overview of many different EFSA activities on mycotoxins is given. It also includes a brief description how EFSA develops its scientific opinions and works.

scholarly journals Wprowadzanie nowej żywności na rynek unijny w świetle rozporządzenia nr 2015/2283

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Łukasz Mikołaj Sokołowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Interests ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Food Market ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Eu

Until recently, the introduction of novel foods into the EU market has been primarily governed by Regulation (EC) No 258/97. The solutions provided for in this legislative act have been criticised. Consequently, as of 1 January 2018, this act has been replaced by Regulation No. 2015/2283. The aim of the deliberations presented in this article is to answer the question whether and to what extent the new solutions actually facilitate the placing of novel foods on the EU market while ensuring at the same time a high level of protection of consumers’ health, life and economic interests. In the author’s opinion, Regulation No. 2015/2283 introduces many amendments aimed at facilitating the introduction of novel foods to the EU market, which also satisfy the aboveconcerns. However, only the practice resulting from the application of the adopted solutions will determine the effectiveness of opening the EU food market to safe innovations.

EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES. THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
IRINA SENNIKOVA ◽  
◽  
ELINA DUBINSKA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Building ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Municipal Administration ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Standards ◽  
High Level

The article studies the issues of state formation of the Republic of Latvia after gaining independence. The authors note that Latvia has retained the features of the normative legal regulation of the period of its independence as it was in 1918 and until the country became a part of the USSR. Today, as a member of the European Union, Latvia is oriented towards modern European standards of state-building. The ongoing administrative reforms are aimed at observing the rights and freedoms of citizens, achieving openness and sustainable development, and introducing digital technologies into state and municipal administration. The authors also note the low involvement of citizens in the processes of state and municipal administration, while municipal authorities maintain a fairly high level of trust among citizens. Analysis and optimization of processes, elimination of duplication of actions among state institutions, as well as reduction of the administrative burden have become an important part of the work of public administration. Also, according to the plan for reforming public administration, the quality and availability of public services for the population are constantly improving.

scholarly journals European standards of food safety and consumer protection

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
T.A. Kobzeva ◽  
A.O. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
European Market ◽  
Consumer Policy ◽  
General Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Haccp System ◽  
European Standards ◽  
High Level

In this work, the authors explored the concepts of «consumption» and «consumer» in the context of food safety and consumer protection. It also set out the main objectives of European consumer policy and the ways in which they can be implemented. Based on an analysis of European legislation aimed at ensuring the health, economic and legal interests of consumers, it was determined how the European Union provides a general level of legal protection in the field of consumer policy. The authors found that each member state of the European Union has an obligation to implement generally accepted norms and standards in national law, in order to ensure a high level of protection of the rights of its citizens in the consumer sphere. In addition, the article provides an explanation of the terms «food safety» and «safe food», as well as identifies the main factors for maintaining food safety for the human body. The authors analyzed the concepts, purpose and role of European standardization in the context of consolidation of the united European market; the concepts of «standard» and «European standard» are explored, as well as the main ways of their creation and use. This article also outlines the legal status of the European Committee for Standardization, its key areas of activity and its impact on the European market. In addition, the process of creating a series of international ISO standards was investigated and its purpose established. Much attention was paid to the EU-wide HACCP system, its features and benefits. The GFSI International Standards and Certification System and its individual representatives were characterized, including the Food Safety System Certification 22000 (FSSC 22000), the British Retail Consortium Global Standard for Food Safety (BRCGS) and the International Food Standard (IFS). Requirements for implementation of these standards, their purpose, features and advantages were also identified. The authors found that in order to ensure a high level of consumer protection, it is advisable to simultaneously implement several European standards, along with the HACCP system, the most appropriate of which were proposed in the article presented.

scholarly journals General Principles of Anti-Corruption in V4 Visegrad Countries: Experience of Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
В. С. Макаренко
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Organizations ◽  
Hungarian State ◽  
High Level

Corruption in Hungary poses a significant risk to business, especially in the tax administration and public procurement sectors, which suffer from its high level. The public procurement process and the tendering process are insufficiently protected from irregularities at the local level due to strong informal relations between business and representatives of government at the local level. Public opinion polls on general and specific corruption issues show that a third of Hungarians consider corruption and abuse of power to be widespread in Hungary’s public administration system. The purpose of this article is to clarify the origins of the formation and to study general experience in implementing activities aimed at preventing and combating corruption in one of the countries of V4 Visegrad Group – Hungary, a neighbor of Ukraine, post-socialist country and member of the European Union since 2004, as well as to analyze its results and the possibility of implementing certain provisions into national legal system. The author has clarified the place of Hungary and Ukraine in the world rankings as the result of the study, in particular in the Corruption Perceptions Index. The author has studied the data of sociological research conducted in Hungary to identify the most corrupt areas of public life, to determine the attitude of the population to the level of corruption and willingness to participate in its reduction, as well as to summarize the factors that led to such results. The activities of certain Hungarian state organizations that directly or indirectly prevent and combat corruption, including the Ombudsman, the State Audit Office and the National Defense Service of Hungary, have been considered. The legal basis for the implementation of anti-corruption policy from international acts to the National Program for the Prevention of Corruption in Public Administration has been determined. The author has made an attempt to summarize the reasons for the decrease in the level of effectiveness of the implementation of the anti-corruption strategy and recommendations aimed at improving its effectiveness.

scholarly journals EUROPEAN STANDARDS OF FOOD SAFETY AND CONSUMER PROTECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (20) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
T.A Kobzeva ◽  
A.O. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
European Market ◽  
Consumer Policy ◽  
General Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Haccp System ◽  
European Standards ◽  
High Level

In this work, the authors explored the concepts of «consumption» and «consumer» in the context of food safety and consumer protection. It also set out the main objectives of European consumer policy and the ways in which they can be implemented. Based on an analysis of European legislation aimed at ensuring the health, economic and legal interests of consumers, it was determined how the European Union provides a general level of legal protection in the field of consumer policy. The authors found that each member state of the European Union has an obligation to implement generally accepted norms and standards in national law, in order to ensure a high level of protection of the rights of its citizens in the consumer sphere. In addition, the article provides an explanation of the terms «food safety» and «safe food», as well as identifies the main factors for maintaining food safety for the human body. The authors analyzed the concepts, purpose, and role of European standardization in the context of consolidation of the united European market; the concepts of «standard» and European standard» are explored, as well as the main ways of their creation and use. This article also outlines the legal status of the European Committee for Standardization, its key areas of activity, and its impact on the European market. In addition, the process of creating a series of international ISO standards was investigated and its purpose established. Much attention was paid to the EU-wide HACCP system, its features, and benefits. The GFSI International Standards and Certification System and its individual representatives were characterized, including the Food Safety System Certification 22000 (FSSC 22000), the British Retail Consortium Global Standard for Food Safety (BRCGS), and the International Food Standard (IFS). Requirements for implementation of these standards, their purpose, features, and advantages were also identified. The authors found that in order to ensure a high level of consumer protection, it is advisable to simultaneously implement several European standards, along with the HACCP system, the most appropriate of which were proposed in the article presented. Keywords: standardization, European standards, food safety, consumer protection.

scholarly journals Advanced Biometric Electronic Signature in Practice - Lessons for the Public Administration from a Hungarian Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 407-418
Author(s):  
Péter Máté Erdὄsi
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Electronic Signature ◽  
Electronic Signatures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Hungarian Case ◽  
High Level

Signing documents is one of the most general requirements in our daily lives, including routines in Public Administration. After significant development of e-Administration, the question arose as to how the clients can sign documents electronically. The European Union legislated this question by the Regulation (EU) No. 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC. This Regulation (henceforward: eIDAS) gives a technologyneutral and high-level framework for using electronic signatures in the EU, it refers several implementing acts and standards, records applicable concepts and definitions, and declares several obligations for all Member States. The Regulation does not contain strong provisions for advanced electronic signature, but it defines four requirements for it. All electronic signatures which fulfil these four requirements have to be considered as advanced electronic signatures. In most of the cases, creating an advanced signature is easier and more cost-effective than creating a qualified signature, therefore it may be an alternative solution for signing documents in Public Administration also. This paper intends to summarize the relating legal environment and it demonstrates an implemented solution of advanced biometric signature in the private sector. Finally, we discuss the technical conditions of the applicability of advanced biometric electronic signature in Public Administration by discovering similarities and differences of application and acceptability.

Biosecurity: tools, behaviours and concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Alan MacLeod ◽  
Nicola Spence
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

COVID 19 has raised the profile of biosecurity. However, biosecurity is not only about protecting human life. This issue brings together mini-reviews examining recent developments and thinking around some of the tools, behaviours and concepts around biosecurity. They illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject, demonstrating the interface between research and policy. Biosecurity practices aim to prevent the spread of harmful organisms; recognising that 2020 is the International Year of Plant Health, several focus on plant biosecurity although invasive species and animal health concerns are also captured. The reviews show progress in developing early warning systems and that plant protection organisations are increasingly using tools that compare multiple pest threats to prioritise responses. The bespoke modelling of threats can inform risk management responses and synergies between meteorology and biosecurity provide opportunities for increased collaboration. There is scope to develop more generic models, increasing their accessibility to policy makers. Recent research can improve pest surveillance programs accounting for real-world constraints. Social science examining individual farmer behaviours has informed biosecurity policy; taking a broader socio-cultural approach to better understand farming networks has the potential to change behaviours in a new way. When encouraging public recreationists to adopt positive biosecurity behaviours communications must align with their values. Bringing together the human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors to address biosecurity risks in a common and systematic manner within the One Biosecurity concept can be achieved through multi-disciplinary working involving the life, physical and social sciences with the support of legislative bodies and the public.

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