SCREENING FOR VIETNAMESE PLANT EXTRACTS WITH POTENTIAL BENEFIT FOR ANTI OSTEOCLASTOGENESISH

Bone's homeostasis is only achieved when there is a balance between bone formation and bone resorption. A metabolic disorder of bone-resorbing osteoclasts can lead to osteoporosis. Long-term use of anti-osteoporosis drugs can lead to undesirable side effects so traditional herbal can be a potential source of alternative medicine. In the present study, forty one Vietnamese plants (seventy methanol extracts) were screened for osteoclastogenesis inhibitory activities on RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells. For the first time, 29 extracts from 24 species showed potential as effective inhibitors of osteoclastogenesis.

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Changes in bone metabolism associated with exposure to industrial vibration

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-766-767 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 766-766

Author(s):

A. V. Sukhova ◽

E. N. Kryuchkova

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Local Vibration ◽

Markers Of Bone Formation

The influence of general and local vibration on bone remodeling processes is investigated. The interrelations between the long - term exposure of industrial vibration and indicators of bone mineral density (T-and Z-criteria), biochemical markers of bone formation (osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase) and bone resorption (ionized calcium, calcium/creatinine) were established.

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Antiviral Natural Products for Arbovirus Infections

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25122796 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 2796 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vanessa Shi Li Goh ◽

Chee-Keng Mok ◽

Justin Jang Hann Chu

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Side Effects ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Antiviral Drug ◽

Good Tolerability ◽

Antiviral Compounds ◽

Potential Source ◽

Herbal Plants ◽

Antiviral Activities ◽

Arboviral Diseases

Over the course of the last 50 years, the emergence of several arboviruses have resulted in countless outbreaks globally. With a high proportion of infections occurring in tropical and subtropical regions where arthropods tend to be abundant, Asia in particular is a region that is heavily affected by arboviral diseases caused by dengue, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. Major gaps in protection against the most significant emerging arboviruses remains as there are currently no antivirals available, and vaccines are only available for some. A potential source of antiviral compounds could be discovered in natural products—such as vegetables, fruits, flowers, herbal plants, marine organisms and microorganisms—from which various compounds have been documented to exhibit antiviral activities and are expected to have good tolerability and minimal side effects. Polyphenols and plant extracts have been extensively studied for their antiviral properties against arboviruses and have demonstrated promising results. With an abundance of natural products to screen for new antiviral compounds, it is highly optimistic that natural products will continue to play an important role in contributing to antiviral drug development and in reducing the global infection burden of arboviruses.

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Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies 2.0

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21218005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (21) ◽

pp. 8005

Author(s):

Chih-Hsin Tang

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Special Issue ◽

Trabecular Microarchitecture ◽

Anabolic Agent ◽

Skeletal Disorder

Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder, occurring as a result of an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, with bone breakdown exceeding bone building. Bone resorption inhibitors, e.g., bisphosphonates, have been designed to treat osteoporosis. Teriparatide, an anabolic agent, stimulates bone formation and corrects the characteristic changes in the trabecular microarchitecture. However, these drugs are associated with significant side effects. It is therefore crucial that we continue to research the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and seek novel modes of therapy. This editorial summarizes and discusses the themes of the ten articles published in our Special Issue “Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies 2.0”, a continuation of our 2019 Special Issue "Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies" (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms/special_issues/osteoporosis_ijms). These Special Issues detail important global scientific findings that contribute to our current understanding of osteoporosis.

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Rates of New Bone Formation in Patients with Crush Fracture Osteoporosis

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0630153 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 153-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. Reeve ◽

J. R. Green ◽

R. Hesp ◽

Patricia Hulme

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Accretion Rate ◽

Positive Association ◽

Calcium Balance ◽

Tracer Technique ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

True Rate ◽

Exchange Processes

1. Calcium balances and formation rates of new bone measured with an improved tracer technique using 85Sr have been determined simultaneously in 21 patients with idiopathic osteoporosis and vertebral crush fractures. 2. A weak positive association was found between calcium balance and the kinetically measured calcium accretion rate, which is the sum of the true rate of bone formation and various long-term exchange processes. 3. The more negative balances were associated with significantly greater early loss of tracer taken up into bone by ‘accretion’, so that long-term (> 200 day) uptake was reduced. 4. This indicates that patients actively losing bone mineral have lower true rates of bone formation and higher rates of long-term exchange than their fellow patients who are more nearly in calcium equilibrium. 5. No statistically significant association was found between measured rates of bone resorption and calcium balance.

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Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies 3.0

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222312725 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (23) ◽

pp. 12725

Author(s):

Chih-Hsin Tang

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Special Issue ◽

Trabecular Microarchitecture ◽

Anabolic Agent ◽

Skeletal Disorder

Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder that occurs as a result of an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, with bone breakdown exceeding bone building. Bone resorption inhibitors, e.g., bisphosphonates, have been designed to treat osteoporosis. Teriparatide, an anabolic agent, stimulates bone formation and corrects the characteristic changes in the trabecular microarchitecture. However, these drugs are associated with significant side effects. It is therefore crucial that we continue to research the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and seek novel modes of therapy. This editorial summarizes and discusses the themes of the six articles published in our Special Issue “Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies 3.0”, a continuation of our 2020 Special Issue "Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies". These Special Issues detail important global scientific findings that contribute to our current understanding of osteoporosis.

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Effect of low-dose of recombinant human growth hormone on bone metabolism in elderly women with osteoporosis

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1470339 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 339-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

T Sugimoto ◽

H Kaji ◽

D Nakaoka ◽

M Yamauchi ◽

S Yano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Lumbar Spine ◽

Side Effects ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Low Dose ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Gh Treatment ◽

Igf I

BACKGROUND: There has been increasing evidence that the growth hormone (GH)-IGF-I axis plays an important part in the maintenance of bone mass. However, controversy still exists as to the effect of GH treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly patients with osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of low-dose GH treatment on markers of body composition and bone turnover, serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and BMD at the radius and lumbar spine in eight elderly Japanese women with osteoporosis. METHODS: Participants were treated with GH as a single daily subcutaneous injection (0.125 IU/kg per week; 0.00595 mg/kg per day) for 48 weeks. RESULTS: Markers of bone formation and bone resorption were both increased up to 24 weeks of GH treatment. The bone formation markers remained increased during GH treatment, whereas the bone resorption markers returned to baseline values after 24 weeks of GH treatment. GH treatment caused a rapid (within 2 weeks) and sustained increase in serum IGF-I concentration. As for IGFBPs, serum concentrations of IGFBPs-2, -3 and -4 did not change significantly during GH treatment. In contrast, GH treatment caused a gradual increase in serum IGFBP-5 concentration, with a significant increase seen 48 weeks after the start of GH treatment. Radial BMD seemed to be increased during the late period of GH treatment, although the change was not significant. Lumbar BMD did not change during GH treatment. GH treatment caused a significant increase in hand grip strength. None of the GH-treated participants had new fractures and side effects such as edema and joint pain. Radial BMD was significantly increased after discontinuation of GH treatment for another 48 weeks and a similar tendency was observed at the lumbar spine (7.1+/-2.3% above pretreatment values for the radius and 3.6+/-2.0% for the lumbar spine). CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose GH treatment attenuated the decrease in muscle strength and bone mass in elderly women without side effects, although changes in nutrition and exercise might affect BMD. The present findings provide useful information regarding the use of low-dose GH treatment in elderly women with osteoporosis.

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Interleukin-10 Inhibits Bone Resorption: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Periodontitis and Other Bone Loss Diseases

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/284836 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Qian Zhang ◽

Bin Chen ◽

Fuhua Yan ◽

Jianbin Guo ◽

Xiaofeng Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Current Therapies ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Anti Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

Reduce Bone Loss

Periodontitis and other bone loss diseases, decreasing bone volume and strength, have a significant impact on millions of people with the risk of tooth loss and bone fracture. The integrity and strength of bone are maintained through the balance between bone resorption and bone formation by osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively, so the loss of bone results from the disruption of such balance due to increased resorption or/and decreased formation of bone. The goal of therapies for diseases of bone loss is to reduce bone loss, improve bone formation, and then keep healthy bone density. Current therapies have mostly relied on long-term medication, exercise, anti-inflammatory therapies, and changing of the life style. However there are some limitations for some patients in the effective treatments for bone loss diseases because of the complexity of bone loss. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, and recent studies have indicated that IL-10 can contribute to the maintenance of bone mass through inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption and regulation of osteoblastic bone formation. This paper will provide a brief overview of the role of IL-10 in bone loss diseases and discuss the possibility of IL-10 adoption in therapy of bone loss diseases therapy.

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Assessment of Bone Turnover Biomarkers in Lead-Battery Workers with Long-Term Exposure to Lead

The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.34172/ijoem.2020.1951 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 140-147

Author(s):

Kalahasthi Ravibabu ◽

Tapu Barman ◽

Bhavani Shankara Bagepally

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Lead Battery ◽

Exposed Workers ◽

Tracp 5B ◽

Battery Workers ◽

Bone Turnover Biomarkers

Background: The major portion of lead in the body resides in skeletal system. The bone turnover affects the release of lead into the circulation from bones. The bone turnover biomarkers (BTM) in lead-battery workers with long-term exposure to lead have not been explored yet. Objective: To evaluate the BTM (formation and resorption) in lead-battery workers with long-term exposure to lead in lead-battery manufacturing plant. Methods: 176 male lead-exposed workers and 80 matched comparison group were studied. All participants were examined for blood lead levels (BLLs), bone formation biomarkers—serum osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP)—and bone resorption biomarkers—serum pyridinoline (PYD), deoxypyridinoline (DPYD), tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b), and urinary hydroxyproline (UHYP). Results: We found a significantly higher bone formation biomarkers such as BALP (p=0.007) and bone resorption biomarkers, eg, PYD (p=0.048), TRCAP-5b (p=0.001), and UHYP (p=0.001) in lead-exposed workers. A significant (p=0.041) negative correlation (ρ -0.128) was noted between BLLs and OC. A significant positive correlation was noted between BLLs and TRACP-5b (ρ 0.176, p=0.005) and UHYP (ρ 0.258, p=0.004). Serum OC (p=0.040) and UHYP (p=0.015) levels changed significantly with BLL level. Bone resorption biomarkers levels—PYD, TRACP-5b, and BALP—were higher among those with higher BLLs levels. The duration of exposure was significantly associated with BALP (p=0.037), DPYD (p=0.016), TRACP5b (p=0.001), and UHYP (p=0.002) levels. Conclusion: Long-term lead exposure affects the bone turnover.

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Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21030714 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 714 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chih-Hsin Tang

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Special Issue ◽

Anabolic Agents ◽

Trabecular Microarchitecture ◽

Stimulate Bone Formation ◽

Skeletal Disorder

Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder, occurring as a result of an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, with bone breakdown exceeding bone building. Bone resorption inhibitors, e.g., bisphosphonates, have been designed to treat osteoporosis, while anabolic agents such as teriparatide stimulate bone formation and correct the characteristic changes in the trabecular microarchitecture. However, all of these drugs are associated with significant side effects. It is therefore crucial that we continue to research the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and seek novel modes of therapy. This editorial summarizes and discusses the themes of the fifteen articles published in the Special Issue, Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies 2019, as part of the global picture of the current understanding of osteoporosis.

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