scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF FLAX SEED GERMINATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kraevska ◽  
O. Yeshchenko ◽  
N. Stetsenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Flax Seeds

In the world, demand for flax seeds and its processed volumes are increasing. Flax seeds are classified as natural functional food products. This is confirmed by the Ministry of Health of many countries, in particular Canada and the United States of America. Flax germination makes flax seed components biologically available. Each type of plant has its own set of germination requirements consisting of both internal and external factors. This research was aimed at studying the effect of various external factors (temperature, humidity.etc.) affecting flax seed germination energy. The temperature varied in the range 16°C to 30°C, in increments of 2°C, as further increasing the temperature requires additional equipment and, consequently, additional energy consumption. The ambient humidity was maintained at 40, 60, 70, and 95%. The flax seeds were germinated for 36 hours till seedlings, up to 3 mm long, appeared. The germination energy was determined for each combination of the controlled factors. A mathematical model of the flaxseed germination process was constructed using the regression and correlation analysis methods. The model obtained determines the optimum germination modes. In the course of the experimental research, we applied experimental design techniques and mathematical processing of the experimental data. Using the computer programmes MathCad and Microsoft Excel optimized the flax seed germination and set its optimum modes. The constructed mathematical model makes it clear that the maximum germination energy 99.64% is achieved at the temperature 27.5°C and humidity 95%. The experimental and statistical models of germination of flax seeds have been obtained, describing the process with the correlation coefficient R = 0.96–0.99. The data obtained can be used to predict the quality parameters of flax seedlings and the energy consumption to obtain them.

scholarly journals The effect of cytokinins on flax seed germination at low temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Irena Niedźwiedź-Siegień ◽  
Sylwia Bukłaha
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
White Light ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Gibberellin A3 ◽  
Flax Seeds

Germination of flax seeds (<em>Linum usitatissimum</em> L., cv. Szafir) at 5<sup>o</sup>C was enhanced by continuous white light, gibberellin A3 (GA3), kinetin and benzylaminopurine. GA<sub>3</sub> and kinetin at physiological concentrations (10<sup>-8</sup>-10<sup>-6</sup> M) improved significantly germination in darkness. Stimulatory effect of benzylaminopurine was visible only in the light. Almost no effect of zeatin and isopentenyladenine (2iP) on germination was observed. Possible causes of this differences were suggested.

Investigation of Thermal and Energy Performance of Green Roofs in Florida Climate

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv Sangal ◽  
Hamidreza Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Heating Load

Buildings are responsible for approximately 40% of energy consumption in the United States. Utilizing efficient methods for reduction in energy consumption by buildings is of great importance. Green roofs have been known as an effective approach to reduce building energy usage (associated with cooling and heating load) as well as providing environmental benefits. In the present paper, a mathematical model is developed in MATLAB considering several aspects of green roofs. The model is validated using available data from previous experimental research studies. A simulation is conducted to assess the performance of green roofs in Melbourne, FL. The study includes calculation of the energy savings associated with using a green roof in summer months and winter months.

scholarly journals Flax seeds and finger millet enriched functional rusk

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Lohan ◽  
Ravinder Kaushik ◽  
Vikas Bansal ◽  
Kamal Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Flax Seeds ◽  
Wheat Flours

Bakery products are generally made up of refined wheat flour that may be deficient in both fibre and essential fatty acids. In this study α-linolenic acid and fibre enriched rusk using flax seeds and finger millet were developed. The proportions of finger millet, flax seed and wheat flours were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). On the basis of fibre and ALA content and baking quality characteristics of rusk 13.13%, 6.0% and 80.6% of finger millet, flax seed and wheat flours, respectively was finalized. The developed rusk contained 4.81% fibre and 1.36% α-linolenic acid. Wet and dry gluten content, SDS sedimentation, falling number, dough raising capacity of yeast and baking time of mixed flour of these components were statistically (p>0.05) similar to that of wheat flour (control). However, higher loaf weight and lower loaf height was observed in mixed flour rusk in comparison to control rusk. α-linolenic acid and fibres enriched rusk were developed with similar quality parameters and improved functional properties.

scholarly journals Variability of some traits of flax seed in respect to genotype and climatic conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Radojka Maletic ◽  
Radosav Jevdjovic
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Flax Seeds ◽  
Standard Cultivar

Beside its multiple use in oil producing and feed industry, flax seed is used also in pharmaceutical industry as additional medicinal component, whether as mono component or in tea mixtures. Results of a two-year cultivation of several flax genotypes are analyzed. The highest yield of seed in both study years was achieved in genotype "Z" and the lowest in standard cultivar "Mira". In regard to germination energy and total germination, the best value was determined for genotype "B" and the lowest for standard cultivar "Mira". The greatest swelling of flax seeds was established for genotype "B", and the least in the case of genotype "Z". Climatic conditions in the year of cultivation had effects on yield and quality of flax seed. During 2001. the year with high rainfall, higher yields were produced in all tested genotypes, and better germination energy, total germination and mass of 100 seeds established. In seed obtained in 2002, when average temperatures were higher, number of swollen seeds was higher. .

Case Studies, Trade War Impacts Between USA And China : The Decline Of Cotton Carded Yarn 32/1 Selling Volume To China On Dan Liris Incorporation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-91
Author(s):  
Riza Indah Pramesti A.Md ◽  
Avina Utari A.Md
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Employee Welfare ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
New Strategies

This study aims to describe the prospect of the trend of export sales volume of 32/1 cotton carded yarn in PT Dan Liris. In 2018, the volume of exports of 32/1 cotton carded yarn to China dropped dramatically to zero orders. In addition, research on the decline in the sales volume of exports of 32/1 cotton carded yarn to China aims to find out deeply the flow of the company's external factors, namely trade war which caused a decline in the volume of export sales to China at PT Dan Liris. The method used in this study is a mixed method by providing an overview of the problems that occur in the PT Dan Liris company. The analytical tool in this study is the trend analysis technique by giving an overview of the trend in volume and the prospect of possible future export volumes of yarn products. The results of the analysis of the data obtained are the volume of export sales of PT Dan Liris yarn to China that are upside down or unstable. This study also succeeded in revealing that the existence of external factors in the trade war that occurred between the United States and China was very detrimental to the company in terms of income and continuity of production. Based on the results of the analysis of the data, the authors then conducted a SWOT analysis matrix as the company's alternative. The author suggests 12 new strategies that can be done by PT Dan Liris such as PT Dan Liris can take action by utilizing promotional services either online or offline, conducting research and analyzing the development of buyer countries related to economic issues on a regular basis, as well as the likely impact on the company. A survey of customer satisfaction and attention to employee welfare is also very important to maintain the integrity of the company. Keywords: Sales Volume, Trade War, Company Integrity.

Dormancy-breaking Studies on Echinacea angustifolia

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 456f-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali O. Sari ◽  
Mario R. Morales ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Echinacea Angustifolia ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Dry Heating

Echinacea is a medicinal plant native to North America. It was used extensively by native Americans in the treatment of their ailments. It is presently one of the most popular medicinal plants in the United States. Its popularity has created a large market demand for the roots and foliage of the plant. The gathering of echinacea from the wild is leading to the reduction of native populations and the destruction of its genetic diversity. Cultivation of medicinal echinaceas is hindered by a low seed germination. Dormancy breaking studies were done on freshly harvested seeds of Echinacea angustifolia. Seed lots were placed under light at a constant temperature of 25 °C and at alternate temperatures of 25/15 °C for 14/10 h, respectively. Germination was more rapid and uniform and percent germination higher at 25 °C than at 25/15 °C. Seed tap-water soaking, dry heating, and sharp heating alteration did not increase germination. The application of 1.0 mM ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphoric acid) increased seed germination to 94% at 25 °C and 86% at 25/15 °C. Untreated seeds gave 65% germination at 25 °C and 11% at 25/15 °C. The application of 2500 mg·L–1 and 3500 mg·L–1 of GA to dry seeds and 2500 mg·L–1 to seeds that have been soaked under tap water and then dried increased germination to 82%, 83%, and 83% at 25 °C and 64%, 78%, and 64% at 25/15 °C, respectively.

Comparison of Direct and Indirect Energy Consumption in China and the United States

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongtao Liu ◽  
Karen R. Polenske ◽  
Joaquim Guilhoto ◽  
Youmin Xi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Energy Consumption Analysis and Characterization of Healthcare Facilities in the United States

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Bawaneh ◽  
Farnaz Ghazi Nezami ◽  
Md. Rasheduzzaman ◽  
Brad Deken
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Energy Consumption Analysis ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
End Use

Healthcare facilities in the United States account for 4.8% of the total area in the commercial sector and are responsible for 10.3% of total energy consumption in this sector. The number of healthcare facilities increased by 22% since 2003, leading to a 21% rise in energy consumption and an 8% reduction in energy intensity per unit of area (544.8 kWh/m2). This study provides an analytical overview of the end-use energy consumption data in healthcare systems for hospitals in the United States. The energy intensity of the U.S. hospitals ranges from 640.7 kWh/m2 in Zone 5 (very hot) to 781.1 kWh/m2 in Zone 1 (very cold), with an average of 738.5 kWh/m2. This is approximately 2.6 times higher than that of other commercial buildings. High energy intensity in the healthcare facilities, particularly in hospitals, along with energy costs and associated environmental concerns make energy analysis crucial for this type of facility. The proposed analysis shows that U.S. healthcare facilities have higher energy intensity than those of most other countries, especially the European ones. This necessitates the adoption of more energy-efficient approaches to the infrastructure and the management of healthcare facilities in the United States.

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